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triangle.
3, 8, 13, 18 3 + 8 + 13 + 18
An Arithmetic Sequence is
defined as a sequence in
which there is a common
difference between
consecutive terms.
Which of the following sequences are
arithmetic? Identify the common
difference.
3, 1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, . . . YES d 2
15.5, 14, 12.5, 11, 9.5, 8, . . . YES d 1.5
84, 80, 74, 66, 56, 44, . . . NO
8, 6, 4, 2, 0, . . . NO
50, 44, 38, 32, 26, . . . YES d 6
26, 21, 16, 11, 6, . . .
The general form of an ARITHMETIC sequence.
First Term: a1
Second Term: a2 a1 d
Third Term: a3 a1 2d
Fourth Term: a4 a1 3d
Fifth Term: a5 a1 4d
an a1 n 1 d
an The nth term
The common difference is always the difference between any term and the term
that proceeds that term.
a10 3.25
Given: Find: a1
a12 4.25 Use the original position of the
term to find the first term
IDENTIFY SOLVE
a10 3.25 an a1 n 1 d
d 0.5 3.25 a1 10 1 0.5
n 10 a1 1.25
You can use either the two given 3.25 or 4.25 to find the first term.
-1.25 -0.75 -0.25 0.25 0.75 1.25 1.75 2.25 2.75 3.25 3.75 4.25
When a garbage truck starts collecting rubbish it first stops at a corner
store where it collects 86 kg of rubbish. It then travels down a long
suburban street where it picks up 40 kg of rubbish at each house.
a. How much garbage would be carried by the truck after: i 15 pick-ups? ii
27 pick-ups?
b. The maximum amount of garbage that can be carried by the truck is
1500 kg. After picking up from the corner store, what is the maximum
number of houses it can pick up from before it is fully loaded?
Answers: i.
50
27 25 . . . 67 69 71
44 44 44 . . . 44 44 44
50 Terms
50 71 27
71 + (-27) Each sum
2 is the same.
1100
a1 a1 d a1 2d . . . a1 n 1 d
a n 1 d . . . a
1 1 2d a1 d a1
S Sum
n a1 an
s
2
n Number of Terms
a1 First Term
an Last Term
Find the sum of the terms of this
arithmetic series. 35
n a1 an
k 1
29 3k
S
2
n 35 35 26 76
S
a1 26 2
S 875
a35 76
Find the sum of the terms of this arithmetic
series. 151 147 143 139 . . . 5
What term is -5?
n a1 an an a1 n 1 d
S
2 5 151 n 1 4
n 40
n 40 40 151 5
S
a1 151 2
S 2920
a40 5
Substitute an a1 n 1 d
n a1 an
S
2
n a1 a1 n 1 d n # of Terms
S
a1 1st Term
2
n 2a1 n 1 d d Difference
S
2
36
Find the sum of this series 2.25 0.75 j
j 0
45 5i
i 1
n a1 an n 2a1 n 1 d
S S
2 2
n 35 a1 40 an 130 n 35 a1 40 d 5
1, 4, 7, 10, 13 35 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 62
9, 1, 7, 15 12 9, 3, 1, 1/ 3 20 / 3
6.2, 6.6, 7, 7.4 27.2 1, 1/ 4, 1/16, 1/ 64 85 / 64
, 3, 6 3 9 , 2.5, 6.25 9.75
Arithmetic Sequences Geometric Sequences
ADD MULTIPLY
To get next term To get next term
Arithmetic Sequence, d = 7
21, 28, 35, 42
an a1 n 1 d
38 x 15 1 3
X = 80
Find S63 of 19, 13, 7,...
an a1 n 1 d
n
Sn a1 an
2
?? 19 63 1 6 63
S63 19 353
?? 353 2
S63 10521
Try this one: Find a16 if a1 1.5 and d 0.5
1.5 a1 First term
x an nth term
16 n number of terms
NA Sn sum of n terms
0.5 d common difference
an a1 n 1 d
a16 1.5 16 1 0.5
a16 9
Find n if an 633, a1 9, and d 24
9 a1 First term
633 an nth term
x n number of terms
NA Sn sum of n terms
24 d common difference
an a1 n 1 d
633 9 x 1 24
633 9 24x 24
X = 27
Find d if a1 6 and a29 20
-6 a1 First term
20 an nth term
29 n number of terms
NA Sn sum of n terms
x d common difference
an a1 n 1 d
20 6 29 1 x
26 28x
13
x
14
Find two arithmetic means between –4 and 5
a1 5 d 11 c 5 11 6
150
S150 5 1644 75 1649 123,675
2
Example 7. An auditorium has 20 rows of seats. There are 20 seats in
the first row, 21 seats in the second row, 22 seats in the third row, and
so on. How many seats are there in all 20 rows?
d 1 c 20 1 19
an a1 n 1 d a20 20 19 1 39
20
S20 20 39 10 59 590
2
Example 8. A small business sells $10,000 worth of sports memorabilia
during its first year. The owner of the business has set a goal of
increasing annual sales by $7500 each year for 19 years. Assuming that
the goal is met, find the total sales during the first 20 years this business
is in operation.
20
S20 10,000 152,500 10 162,500 1,625,000
2
So the total sales for the first 2o years is $1,625,000
Geometric progressions
We shall now move on to the other type of sequence we want
to explore.
And in the sequence 1, −2, 4, −8, ... , each term is ___ times
the previous term.
(a) Find the 10th and 20th terms of the GP with first term 3 and
common ratio 2.
The sum of a geometric series
Answer
Find the sum of the geometric series
8, −4, 2, −1 + ...
where there are 5 terms in the series.
Answer 5 ½
Answer n = 7
Example
How many terms are there in the geometric progression
2, 4, 8, ..., 128?
Answer n = 7.
Use the rule to determine the 8th and 11th term of the
geometric sequence
100,50,25,12.5,...
1)-4 - 1 + 2 + 5 + 8 + 11 + 14
2)13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + ... + 31
4) -16 - 11 - 6 - 1 + ... + 39
2. 3 + 9 + 27 + 81 + 243
2. 3 + 9 + 27 + 81 + 243