Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sequences
and Series
An Arithmetic Sequence is
defined as a sequence in
which there is a common
difference between
consecutive terms.
Which of the following sequences are
arithmetic? Identify the common difference.
3, 1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, . . . YES d 2
15.5, 14, 12.5, 11, 9.5, 8, . . . YES d 1.5
84, 80, 74, 66, 56, 44, . . . NO
8, 6, 4, 2, 0, . . . NO
50, 44, 38, 32, 26, . . . YES d 6
The common
differen c e i s a l w a y s
c e b e t w ee n
the differen
any term a n d t h e t er m
t h a t pr o c e e d s t h a t
term. C ommon
Differ
ence
= 5
26, 21, 16, 11, 6, . . .
The general form of an ARITHMETIC sequence.
First Term: a1
Second Term: a2 a1 d
Third Term: a3 a1 2d
Fourth Term: a4 a1 3d
Fifth Term: a5 a1 4d
nth Term: an a1 n 1 d
Formula for the nth term of an ARITHMETIC
sequence.
an a1 n 1 d
an The nth term
I f we
know
three any
a1 The 1st term o
ough f these
t to b we
n The term number to fin e ab
d the le
fourt
d The common difference
h .
Given: 79, 75, 71, 67, 63, . . .
Find: a32
IDENTIFY SOLVE
a1 79 an a1 n 1 d
d 4 a32 79 32 1 4
n 32 a32 45
Given: 79, 75, 71, 67, 63, . . .
Find: What term number is -169?
IDENTIFY SOLVE
a1 79 an a1 n 1 d
d 4 169 79 n 1 4
an 169 n 63
a10 3.25
Given: Find: a1
a12 4.25
What’s the real question? The Difference
IDENTIFY SOLVE
a1 3.25 an a1 n 1 d
a3 4.25 4.25 3.25 3 1 d
n3 d 0.5
a10 3.25
Given: Find: a1
a12 4.25
IDENTIFY SOLVE
a10 3.25 an a1 n 1 d
d 0.5 3.25 a1 10 1 0.5
n 10 a1 1.25
A ri t h m e t i c
S er i es
Write the
first thre
last two e terms
terms of and the
arithmet the follow
ic series ing
.
50
s um of
at is t h e
W h
e r i e s ?
this s
71 69 67 . . . 25 27
27 25 . . . 67 69 71
44 44 44 . . . 44 44 44
50 Terms
50 71 27
71 + (-27) Each sum
2
is the same.
1100
a1 a1 d a1 2d . . . a1 n 1 d
a n 1 d . . . a
1 1 2d a1 d a1
s
S Sum
n a1 an n Number of Terms
a1 First Term
2
an Last Term
Find the sum of the terms of this
arithmetic series. 35
n a1 an
k 1
29 3k
S
2
n 35 35 26 76
S
a1 26 2
S 875
a35 76
Find the sum of the terms of this arithmetic
series. 151 147 143 139 . . . 5
What term is -5?
n a1 an an a1 n 1 d
S
2 5 151 n 1 4
n 40
n 40 40 151 5
S
a1 151 2
S 2920
a40 5
u la fo r th e su m of
Alternate form
an A rith metic Se rie s .
Substitute an a1 n 1 d
n a1 an
S
2
n a1 a1 n 1 d n # of Terms
S
2
a1 1st Term
n 2a1 n 1 d d Difference
S
2
36
Find the sum of this series 2.25 0.75 j
j 0
45 5i
i 1
n a1 an n 2a1 n 1 d
S S
2 2
n 35 a1 40 an 130 n 35 a1 40 d 5
1, 4, 7, 10, 13 35 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 62
9, 1, 7, 15 12 9, 3, 1, 1/ 3 20 / 3
6.2, 6.6, 7, 7.4 27.2 1, 1/ 4, 1/16, 1/ 64 85 / 64
, 3, 6 3 9 , 2.5, 6.25 9.75
Arithmetic Sequences Geometric Sequences
ADD MULTIPLY
To get next term To get next term
Arithmetic Sequence, d = 7
21, 28, 35, 42
X = 80
Find S63 of 19, 13, 7,...
n
an a1 n 1 d Sn a1 an
2
?? 19 63 1 6 63
S63 19 353
?? 353 2
S63 10521
Try this one: Find a16 if a1 1.5 and d 0.5
1.5 a1 First term
x an nth term
16 n number of terms
NA Sn sum of n terms
0.5 d common difference
an a1 n 1 d
a16 1.5 16 1 0.5
a16 9
Find n if an 633, a1 9, and d 24
9 a1 First term
633 an nth term
x n number of terms
NA Sn sum of n terms
24 d common difference
an a1 n 1 d
633 9 x 1 24
633 9 24x 24
X = 27
Find d if a1 6 and a 29 20
-6 a1 First term
20 an nth term
29 n number of terms
NA Sn sum of n terms
x d common difference
an a1 n 1 d
20 6 29 1 x
26 28x
13
x
14
Find two arithmetic means between –4 and 5
a1 5 d 11 c 5 11 6
150
S150 5 1644 75 1649 123,675
2
Example 7. An auditorium has 20 rows of seats. There are 20 seats in
the first row, 21 seats in the second row, 22 seats in the third row, and
so on. How many seats are there in all 20 rows?
d 1 c 20 1 19
an a1 n 1 d a20 20 19 1 39
20
S 20 20 39 10 59 590
2
Example 8. A small business sells $10,000 worth of sports memorabilia
during its first year. The owner of the business has set a goal of
increasing annual sales by $7500 each year for 19 years. Assuming that
the goal is met, find the total sales during the first 20 years this business
is in operation.
20
S 20 10,000 152,500 10 162,500 1,625,000
2
So the total sales for the first 2o years is $1,625,000
Your Turn: Pg 170 - 171
EX 6C
Q3 b, d Q5 Q8 Q11 Q17