mathinik

Circle and
its Related
Terms
 Ci
A circle is defined as the

rc
radius

le
set of all points in a plane
that is equidistant from a
fixed point called center.
The segment from the center
center to any point of
the circle is called the
radius
Note: radii is the plural form of
radius.
The name of the circle is
based on the name of the
center.
O
Circle O or ⊙ 𝑂
A segment whose
endpoints lie on the circle
is called the chord. diameter
A chord that passes
through the center is
called the diameter
Note: 1 diameter is equivalent to 2
radii.
 Exterior of
the circle
A set of point whose
distances from the center is
less than the radius is the
interior of the circle.
The exterior of the circle, on
the other hand, is the set of
points in the plane of the
circle whose distances from
the center is greater than
the length of the radius.
 Circumscribed

A polygon is inscribed in a
circle if all its vertices are
on the circle.
The circle is said to be
circumscribed about the
polygon
Two or more circles
having the same
center, as in the
diagram are called
concentric circles.
 ircumferenc

e
Circumference is the
distance around the circle.

r is the radius
Name the parts of the circle A
R S
1. Center -
P
2. Radius -
C
3. Diameter -
4. Chord - Q
 If the radius of a circle is 9 cm,
what is its diameter?
Solution:
Since the radius of the circle
is ½ the diameter. O 𝟗𝒄𝒎 F
𝒓=𝟗
9 )
Diameter = 2( radius
Diameter = 18 cm
 Tangent
and Secant
Lines
A line coplanar with a
circle may intersect the
circle in two ways:
A secant is a line that
intersects the circle in
two points
A tangent line is
coplanar with the
circle and intersect Point of
the circle at exactly Tangency
one point.
Arcs and Angles
In A Circle
 A
Arc is a part or portion

Arc
of a circle.
From point A to point B is
called an Arc

B
 Semicircle
Three types of Arc
The semicircle is half of a
circle. It is the union of diameter
the endpoints of a
diameter and all points on
the circle that lie on one
side of the diameter.
 Min
or
Three types of Arc

Ar
c
The minor arc is an arc diameter
smaller than semicircle.
 Arc
oj r

Ma
Three types of Arc
The major arc is an arc diameter
larger than semicircle.
 T
We denote arc by using two
letters (minor arcs) and
three letters (major arc)
with an arc above the name.
Example: P R
S
Minor Arc: 𝑇𝑅
Major Arc: U
𝑇𝑃𝑈
Semicircle:
𝑃𝑈𝑅
 B Central
Angle
A central angle is an angle
whose vertex is of the center
of the circle.
A
An inscribed angle is an angle C
formed when two secant lines
intersect. Its vertex lies on the D
circle and its sides are chords
of the circle
Inscribed Angle
 B In
te

rc
Arc BC with end points on

ept
the side ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 is said to

ed Arc
be intercepted by ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶
while BC is said to subtend
∠𝐵𝐴𝐶. The chord joining A
the endpoints of an arc is C
also said to be subtended
by the arc. D
Example #1
Use the figure to give 1
example of each term
related to circle:
1.Center
2.Radius
3.Diameter
4.Chord
5.Central Angle
6.Inscribed Angle
7.Semi-Circle
8.Major Arc
9.Minor Arc ⊙O or Circle O
In circle O, 𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 40° In circle Q, 𝑚∠𝐺𝑄𝐸 = 100°
෣
In circle O, 𝐴 𝐶𝐵 = 320° ෢ = 100°, m𝐺
m𝐺𝐸 ෣𝐹𝐸 = 260°
In circle P, In circle H
෣ = 180°
m𝐺𝐾𝐻 𝑚∠𝐽𝑀𝑉 = 35°
 B
80°
The measure of the
central angle is equal to
the measure of its 80°
intercepted arc.
A
𝑚∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 80° C
෢ = 80°
𝐵𝐶
 B
The measure of an inscribed 160°
angle is one-half the measure
of its intercepted arc.
80°
𝑚∠𝐵𝐷𝐶 = 80°
1
𝑚∠𝐵𝐷𝐶 = 𝑚𝐵𝐶 ෢ 80° C
2
1
෢
D
80° = 𝑚𝐵𝐶 = 160°
2
 B
The degree measure of the
265° 95°
major arc is equal to
360° minus the degree
measure of its related minor
arc 80°
෢ = 95°
m𝐵𝐶
෣
m𝐵 ෢
𝐷𝐶 = 360° − m𝐵𝐶 C
= 360° − 95° D
= 265°
 180°

The degree measure

of a semicircle is
180° 180°
 B
The measure of an arc
formed by two adjacent, D
non overlapping arcs is
the sum of the measures 80°
of two arcs.
෢ = 𝑚𝐷
෢ + 𝑚𝐵𝐶
𝑚𝐷𝐵 ෣ 𝐵𝐶 C
Given circle H.
෣
a. Find 𝑚𝐴 𝐵𝐶
Solution:
෣ = 𝑚𝐴𝐵
m𝐴𝐵𝐶 ෢ + 𝑚𝐵𝐶
෢
m𝐴 ෣𝐵𝐶 = 40° + 70°
෣ = 110°
m𝐴𝐵𝐶
THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR
LISTENING!
See you on our next lesson!
Given circle H.
෣
b. Find 𝑚𝐴𝐷𝐶
Solution:
m𝐴 ෣ ෢ + 𝑚𝐷𝐶
𝐷𝐶 = 𝑚𝐴𝐷 ෢
෣ = 225° + 25°
m𝐴𝐷𝐶
෣ = 250°
m𝐴𝐷𝐶
mathinik
What do you call ∠𝑩𝑪𝑫?
What is the measurement of ∠𝑩𝑪𝑫?

What do you call 𝑩𝑫

෢ ?
What is the measurement of 𝑩𝑫?
෢

What have you notice about the inscribed

angle in relation to its intercepted arc?

What is your conclusion about the

inscribed angle and its intercepted arc?
 THEOREM #4
The degree measure of an inscribed
angle equals one-half the measure
of its intercepted arc.
EXAMPLE #1
In ⨀𝑩, 𝐦𝑬𝑻
෢ = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 and 𝐦∠𝑻𝑬𝑵 = 𝟒𝟎,
find 𝐦𝑻𝑵
෢ and 𝐦𝑵𝑬.
෢
What do you call ∠𝑷𝑵𝑶? ∠𝑷𝑰𝑶?

What is the intercepted arc of ∠𝑷𝑵𝑶? ∠𝑷𝑰𝑶?

Since they have the same intercepted arc,

what can you say about the measurement
of ∠𝑷𝑵𝑶 and ∠𝑷𝑰𝑶?
 THEOREM #5
The degree measures of two or
more inscribed angles intercepting
the same arc of a circle are equal.
EXAMPLE #1
In ⨀𝑶, 𝐦∠𝑴𝑨𝑬 = 𝟓𝟓, find 𝐦𝑴𝑬
෢
and 𝐦∠𝑴𝑺𝑬.
What do you call 𝑩𝑶𝑵?
෣ What is its
degree measure?

Which angle intercepts 𝑩𝑶𝑵?

෣ What will be
its measurement?

What do you an angle having that

measurement?

What is your conclusion between an

inscribed angle and its intercepted arc
which is a semi circle?
 THEOREM #6
An inscribed angle intercepting a
semicircle is a right angle.
EXAMPLE #1
∠𝑫𝑨𝑩 is inscribed in ⨀𝑪, find 𝐦∠𝑫𝑨𝑩.
 THEOREM #7
Opposite angles of a
quadrilateral inscribed in a circle
are supplementary
EXAMPLE #1
Quadrilateral BONT is inscribed in ⊙E.
Solve x and y.
 SECANT
is a line that
intersects a circle
at exactly two
points. A secant
contains a chord.
⊙S or Circle S
 TANGENT
Is a line that passes
through/intersects
exactly one point on a
circle. The point of
intersection of the line
and the circle is called
the point of tangency ⊙E or Circle E
PERFORMANCE RASK #4 (1 WHOLE)
In Geometry, A tangent is a line
touches a circle at exactly one
point. Who do you consider had
once touched and made a
difference in your life? How did
the impact change you?
 Postulate #2
At a given point
on a circle, one
and only line can
be drawn that is
tangent to the
circle. ⊙R or Circle R
 Postulate #3
Line segments and
rays contained in
the tangent or
intersect the circle
in one and only
point is also said to In the figure on the
be tangent to the right, 𝑹𝑺 and 𝑻𝑼
circle. are tangent to ⊙ 𝑲
 Theorem 9
If a line is tangent
to a circle, then it
is perpendicular to
the radius drawn to
the point of
tangency.
 Theorem 9
If a line is tangent to a circle, then
it is perpendicular to the radius
drawn to the point of tangency.

Example #1
If OA = 4 and
OB = 5, what is
BA?
 Theorem 9
If a line is tangent to a circle, then
it is perpendicular to the radius
drawn to the point of tangency.

Example #2
If OA = 12 and
BA = 5, what is
OB?
Theorem 10
If two segments
from the same
exterior point are
tangent to a
circle, then the
two segments Example #1
are congruent. If IK = 12, what is JK?
Theorem 10
If two segments from
the same exterior
point are tangent to
a circle, then the
two segments are
congruent.
If JK = x + 4 and
Example #2 IK = 2x + 1, what is the
value of x? JK? IK?
Common Tangent
A line that is tangent to more than one
circle is referred to as a common
tangent of both circles
Internal common tangent pass through
the line segment joining the centers of
the two circles and external common
tangents do not.
Common Tangent
 Angles formed by
Tangent and Secants
Ralph P. Ragunton
Grade 10 Mathematics Teacher
 Theorem 11
If a tangent and a secant, two secants, or
two tangents intersect outside a circle then
the measure of the angle formed is one-half
the positive difference of the measure of the
intercepted arcs.

𝟏
෢
෢ − 𝒎𝑩𝑪)
𝒎∠𝑫𝑨𝑬 = (𝒎𝑫𝑬
𝟐
 Example #1
If 𝒎𝑫𝑬
෢ = 𝟏𝟒𝟖 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒎𝑩𝑪෢ = 𝟑𝟖,
then 𝒎∠𝑫𝑨𝑬 = ___________
Theorem 11
If a tangent and a secant, two
secants, or two tangents
intersect outside a circle then
the measure of the angle
formed is one-half the positive
difference of the measure of
the intercepted arcs.
 Example #2 R

Theorem 11
If a tangent and a secant, two
secants, or two tangents
intersect outside a circle then
the measure of the angle
formed is one-half the positive
difference of the measure of
the intercepted arcs.
 Example #3
Theorem 11
If a tangent and a secant,
two secants, or two
tangents intersect outside
a circle then the measure
of the angle formed is
one-half the positive
difference of the measure
of the intercepted arcs.
 Theorem 12
If two chords/secants
intersect within a
circle, then the
measures of the
angle formed is
equal to half the sum 𝟏
m∠𝑭𝑬𝑫 = ෢ + m𝑭𝑫
(m𝑨𝑩 ෢)
of the measures of 𝟐
𝟏
the intercepted arcs. m∠𝑨𝑬𝑭 = 𝟐
෢ + m𝑩𝑫
(m𝑨𝑭 ෢)
Example #1
If m𝑸𝑹
෢ = 86 and
m𝑼𝑻෢ = 70, what is
m∠QSR? 𝒎∠RST?
Theorem 12
If two chords/secants intersect within a circle, then
the measures of the angle formed is equal to half
the sum of the measures of the intercepted arcs.
Example #2
Theorem 12
If two chords/secants
intersect within a circle,
then the measures of the
angle formed is equal to
half the sum of the
measures of the
intercepted arcs.
 Theorem 13
If a secant/chord
and a tangent
intersect at the point
of tangency, then
the measure of each
angle formed is one- m∠𝑸𝑺𝑹 = 𝟏m𝑸𝑺 ෢
half the measure of 𝟐
𝟏
its intercepted arc. m∠𝑸𝑺𝑾 = m𝑸෣𝑻𝑺
𝟐
Example #1
෣
If m𝑸 𝑻𝑺=190,
what is m∠𝑸𝑺𝑾?

Theorem 13
If a secant/chord and a tangent intersect at the point
of tangency, then the measure of each angle formed
is one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.
Example #2 I

Theorem 13 H
If a secant/chord and a
tangent intersect at the
point of tangency, then
the measure of each
angle formed is one-half
the measure of its
intercepted arc.