CHAPTER 2

PLANE GEOMETRY:
CONCEPTS AND
APPLICATIONS
2.1 Circles
2.2 Polygons
2.3 Perimeter of Polygons
2.4 Area of Polygons
2.1 Circle
❖Acircle is the set of all points that are all the
same distance from a given point in plane.

A B

Circle C
 Important Parts of a Circle
• Radius: The distance from the center of
the circle to its outer rim or to any point
on the circle.

• Chord: A line segment whose endpoints

are on a circle.

• Diameter: A chord that passes through

the center of the circle. The length of a
diameter is two times the length of a
radius.
 Important Parts of a Circle
• Secant: A line that intersects a
circle in two points.

• Tangent: A line that intersects a

circle in exactly one point.

• Point of Tangency: The point

where a tangent line touches the
circle.
Let’s try:
Center:
Radii:
Diameter:
Chord:
Secant:
Tangent:
Point of Tangency:
 Important Parts of a Circle
• Arc: part or segment of the
circumference of a circle.
• Sector: made of the arc of
the circle along with its two
radii.

• Segment: which is cut from

the circle by a "chord" (a line
between two points on
the circle)
 Important Parts of a Circle
• Tangent Circles: Two or
more circles that
intersect at one point.

• Concentric Circles: Two

or more circles that have
the same center, but
different radii.

• Congruent Circles: Two

or more circles with the
same radius, but
different centers.
Arcs and Angles of a Circle
❖Semicircle - an arc measuring
one-half of the circumference
of a circle.
❖Minor arc - an arc of a circle D E

that measures less than a

semicircle.

❖Major arc - an arc of a circle

that measures greater than a
semicircle.
Arcs and Angles of a Circle
❖Central angle - an angle
whose vertex is at the center of
the circle and with two radii as
its sides.
E

❖Inscribed angle - an angle D

whose vertex is on a circle and

whose sides contain chords of
the circle.
Degree Measures of Arcs and Angles
➢ The degree measure of the minor arc is equal to the
measure of its central angle.
➢ The degree measure of the major arc is equal 360 minus
the degree measure of its related minor arc

➢ The degree measure of semicircle is 180.

➢ The measure of an inscribed angle is equal to one-half the

measure of its intercepted arc.
 INSCRIBED ANGLE IS EQUAL TO
CENTRAL ANGLE IS EQUAL TO ITS
ONE-HALF OF ITS INTERCEPTED
INTERCEPTED ARC
ARC
Let’s try:
B
Given 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝐵𝐷𝐶 = 210°,
find the following:

A
1. arc BC
2. angle BAC
D C 3. angle BDC
Circumference and Arc Length
The distance around the circle is called the circumference,
C, and could be determined either by using the radius, r,
or the diameter, d:

𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟.

But since 𝑑 = 2𝑟, the circumference of the circle can be

𝐶 = 𝜋𝑑
Example 1:
The radius of a circle is 8 in. Calculate the circumference
of the circle. Use 𝜋 to solve and round your answer to
nearest hundredths.

Solution:
To find: circumference of circle
Given: r = 8 in
The perimeter of circle formula = 2 π r
C = 2 (𝝅) (8)
Answer: The circumference of a circle is 50.27 inches.
Example 2:
Find the radius of the circle having a circumference of 100 in.
Use 𝜋 to solve and round your answer to nearest hundredths.
Solution:
To find: Radius of circle
Given: Circumference = 100 in.
The perimeter of the circle or circumference = 2 π r
2 π r = 100
2 (𝝅)(r) = 100
r = 100/𝟐𝝅
r = 15.92 inches
Answer: Radius of circle = 15.92 in
The distance between two points along a section of a curve is
called arc length.

𝜃 = 80̊

5 in

Let’s say we will find the length of the arc OP or name as L.

 𝜽
The arc length formula can be expressed as, arc length = 𝛑𝐫
𝟏𝟖𝟎
where,

𝜃 = degree measure of the central angle of the arc

r = radius of the circle.

𝜽
So L = 𝛑𝐫
𝟏𝟖𝟎

𝟖𝟎
L= (𝝅)(5 in)
𝟏𝟖𝟎

𝟐𝟎 𝝅
L= 𝒊𝒏 𝒐𝒓 𝟔. 𝟗𝟖 𝒊𝒏
𝟗
2. Find the length of the arc MN from the given circle below.

N
2. Find the length of the arc MN from the given circle below.

Solution:
M 𝜽
Length of MN = 𝝅𝐫
𝟏𝟖𝟎

𝟏𝟓𝟎
= (𝝅)(19 ft)
𝟏𝟖𝟎

𝟗𝟓
Length of MN = 𝝅 = 𝟒𝟗. 𝟕𝟒 𝒇𝒕
𝟔
N
Area of the Circle

It is the space occupied within

the boundary/circumference of
a circle.
It is given by

𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2
Example:
The length of the largest chord of a circle is 12 units. Find the area
of the circle.
Example:
The area of the circle is 200 cm2. Find its circumference.
Let’s try:
1. A metalworker cuts out a large semicircle with a diameter
of 28 centimeters. Then the metalworker cuts a smaller
semicircle out of the larger one and removes it. The diameter
of the semicircular piece that is removed is 14 centimeters.
Find the distance around the shape after the smaller
22
semicircle is removed. Use as an approximation for 𝜋.
7
Length or circumference of the larger semicircular arc:

𝟏
PQ = 𝟐𝝅𝒓
𝟐

1 22
= ×2× × 14 𝑐𝑚
2 7

= 𝟒𝟒 𝒄𝒎
Length or circumference of the small semicircular arc:

𝟏
PO = 𝟐𝝅𝒓
𝟐

1 22
= ×2× × 7 𝑐𝑚
2 7

= 22 𝒄𝒎
Distance around the shape:

= length of semicircular arc PQ + length of semicircular arc PO + OQ

= 44 cm + 22 cm + 14 cm

The distance around the shape is 80 centimeters.

2. A wire is in the shape of an equilateral triangle. One side of the
triangle measures 10 in. The wire is bent into the shape of a circle.
Find the area of the circle formed.