NOTES

November 2021
CHAPTER25 : Measures and the circle
Grade: 8 Subject: Mathematics

How to draw a circle

1. Take an empty sheet of paper and mark a single point on the sheet, somewhere
in the middle of the sheet, and name it to point O.
2. Select a random length for radius, for example, 3 cm.
3. Using a ruler, keep the reference zero mark on point O and randomly mark 3 cm
away from point O in all the direction.
4. Mark as many points as you want away from point O, but all of them should be
exactly 3 cm away from point O.

Circles Terminologies
 Annulus-The region bounded by two concentric circles. It is basically a ring-
shaped object. See the figure below.

MATHEMATICS/NOTES/NOVEMBER2021 1
  Arc – It is basically the connected curve of a circle.
 Sector – A region bounded by two radii and an arc.
 Segment- A region bounded by a chord and an arc lying between the chord‟s
endpoints. It is to be noted that segments do not contain the centre.
See the figure below explaining the arc, sector and segment of a circle.

 Centre – It is the midpoint of a circle.

 Chord- A line segment whose endpoints lie on the circle.
 Diameter- A line segment having both the endpoints on the circle and is the
largest chord of the circle.
 Radius- A line segment connecting the centre of a circle to any point on the circle
itself.
 Secant- A straight line cutting the circle at two points. It is also called as an
extended chord.
 Tangent- A coplanar straight line touching the circle at a single point.
See the figure below-representing the centre, chord, diameter, radius, secant and
tangent of a circle.

Radius of Circle (r)

MATHEMATICS/NOTES/NOVEMBER2021 2
A line segment connecting the centre of a circle to any point on the circle itself
“. The radius of the circle is denoted by “R” or “r”.

Diameter (d) of Circle

A line segment having both the endpoints on the circle. It is twice the length of radius
i.e. d = 2r. From the diameter, the radius of the circle formula is obtained as r= d/2.

Circle Formulas for Area and Circumference

The circumference
of a circle is defined
as the
distance around the
circle. The word
„perimeter‟
is also sometimes
used, although this
usually
Circumference
(C) refers to the
distance around
polygons,
figures made up of
the straight
line segment.
A circle
circumference
formula is given by

MATHEMATICS/NOTES/NOVEMBER2021 3
 C = πd = 2 π r
Where, π = 3.1415
= 3.14(2dp)

Area of a circle is
the amount of
space occupied by
the circle.
Area (A) The circle formula
to find the area is
given by
Area of a circle =
πr2

Properties of Circles
Here are some basic properties of circles.

 The outer line of a circle is at equidistant from the centre.

 The diameter of the circle divides it into two equal parts.
 Circles which have equal radii are congruent to each other.
 Circles which are different in size or having different radii are similar.
 The diameter of the circle is the largest chord and is double the radius.

Volume of prism
The volume of a prism is defined as the total space occupied by the three-dimensional
object. Mathematically, it is defined as the product of the area of the base and the
length.
Therefore,
The volume of a Prism = Base Area × Length
The measurement unit used to represent the volume of a three-dimensional object is
cubic units.

MATHEMATICS/NOTES/NOVEMBER2021 4
Volume of a Triangular Prism

A triangular prism is a prism that has three rectangular faces and two triangular bases.
Since the cross-section of the triangular prism is a triangle, the formula for the volume
of a triangular prism is given as:
The volume of a Triangular Prism = (½) abh cubic units.

Volume of a Rectangular prism

A rectangular prism has four rectangular faces and two parallel rectangular bases. We
know that the cross-section of a rectangular prism is a rectangle. The rectangular prism
is also known as “Cuboid”.
Hence, the formula to find the volume of a rectangular prism is given as:
The volume of a Rectangular Prism = lbh cubic units.

Surface area of a prism

The surface area of a prism is the total area of its faces.
Eg. the surface area of cube, is the area of its six faces added together.

MATHEMATICS/NOTES/NOVEMBER2021 5