CHAPTER 2

PLANE GEOMETRY: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATION

2.1 Circles

A circle is the set of all points that are all the same distance from a given
point in plane.

IMPORTANT PARTS

Radius: The distance from the center of the circle to its outer rim or to any
point on the circle.

Chord: A line segment whose endpoints are on a circle.

Diameter: A chord that passes through the center of the circle. The length of a
diameter is two times the length of a radius.

Secant: A line that intersects a circle in two points.

Tangent: A line that intersects a circle in exactly one point.

Point of Tangency: The point where a tangent line touches the circle.

Example:
Center:
Radii:
Diameter:
Chord:
Secant:
Tangent:
Point of Tangency:
Arc: part or segment of the circumference of a circle.

Sector: made of the arc of the circle along with its two radii.

Segment: which is cut from the circle by a "chord" (a line between two points
on the circle)

ARC AND ANGLES

Semicircle - an arc measuring one-half of the circumference of a circle.

Minor arc - an arc of a circle that measures less than a semicircle.

Major arc - an arc of a circle that measures greater than a semicircle.

Central angle - an angle whose vertex is at the center of the circle and with
two radii as its sides.

Inscribed angle - an angle whose vertex is on a circle and whose sides contain
chords of the circle.
DEGREE MEASURE OF ARCS AND ANGLES

 The degree measure of the minor arc is equal to the measure of its central
angle.

 The degree measure of the major arc is equal 360 minus the degree
measure of its related minor arc

 The degree measure of semicircle is 180.

 The measure of an inscribed angle is equal to one-half the measure of its

intercepted arc.

EXAMPLE:
 CIRCUMFERENCE, ARC LENGTH, AND AREA OF THE CIRCLE

The distance around the circle is called the circumference, C, and could be determined
either by using the radius, r, or the diameter, d:

C=2πr.

But since d=2r, the circumference of the circle can be

C=πd

The distance between two points along a section of a curve is called arc length.The arc
length formula can be expressed as,

�
arc length = ��� ��

where,

θ= degree measure of the central angle of the arc

r = radius of the circle.

Area is the space occupied within the boundary/circumference of a circle.

It is given by

A = πr2

EXAMPLES:

1. Find the radius of the circle having a circumference of 100 in. Use π to solve
and round your answer to nearest hundredths.
2. Find the length of the arc MN from the given circle below.

3. A metalworker cuts out a large semicircle with a diameter of 28 centimeters.

Then the metalworker cuts a smaller semicircle out of the larger one and
removes it. The diameter of the semicircular piece that is removed is 14
centimeters. Find the distance around the shape after the smaller semicircle is
removed. Use 22/7 as an approximation for π.

4. A wire is in the shape of an equilateral triangle. One side of the triangle

measures 10 in. The wire is bent into the shape of a circle. Find the area of the
circle formed.