White Noise - white noise in data transmission is like random background interference or static that can

disrupt the signal being sent. It's called "white" because, like white light, it contains a mix of all
frequencies. This interference can make it harder for the receiving end to accurately interpret the
original data, potentially leading to errors in transmission. Engineers use various techniques to minimize
the impact of white noise and ensure that the transmitted information is received as accurately as
possible.

Impulse Noise - impulse noise in data transmissions is like sudden and brief bursts of interference or
disruption in the signal. It's like a quick, unexpected "spike" in the transmission. This type of noise can
cause errors in the received data because it introduces unexpected changes in the signal. Engineers use
different methods, such as error correction techniques, to deal with impulse noise and ensure that the
transmitted data is as accurate as possible despite these sudden disruptions.

CrossTalk - Crosstalk in data transmissions is like unintentional "chatter" or interference between

communication channels. Imagine trying to have a conversation in a crowded room, and you accidentally
hear bits of someone else's conversation nearby. In data transmission, crosstalk occurs when signals
from one channel interfere with signals on another nearby channel. This interference can lead to errors
or disruptions in the transmitted data. Engineers use techniques like shielding and proper signal routing
to minimize crosstalk and ensure a clear and reliable transmission of information.

Echo - Echo in data transmissions is similar to the reflection of sound. It happens when a portion of the
transmitted signal reflects back and is received again at the source. It's like hearing your own voice in a
phone call. In data transmission, echo can cause confusion and errors because the original signal mixes
with its own reflection. Engineers use devices called echo cancellers to minimize or eliminate this echo,
ensuring clearer communication and more reliable data transmission.

Jitter- jitter in data transmissions is like the irregular or unpredictable delays in the arrival of data. It's
similar to the way a video call might experience small, unexpected pauses or variations in timing. Jitter
can happen when there are fluctuations in the transmission delay, causing data packets to arrive at the
destination with uneven timing. Engineers work to minimize jitter to ensure a more consistent and
smooth flow of data during transmission, especially in applications where precise timing is important,
such as real-time communication or streaming.