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Margrethe II
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For other people with the same name, see Margaret of Denmark (disambiguation).

Margrethe II (Danish: [mɑˈkʁeˀtǝ]; Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid, born 16 April 1940) is a member of the Danish royal family who reigned as Queen of Denmark from
1972 until her abdication in 2024. Having reigned for 52 years, she was the second longest-reigning monarch in Danish history.

Born into the House of Glücksburg, a cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg during the reign of her grandfather
Christian X, Margrethe is the eldest child of King Frederik IX and Queen Ingrid. She became heir presumptive to her Margrethe II
father in 1953, when a constitutional amendment allowed women to inherit the throne. In 1967, she married Henri de
Laborde de Monpezat, with whom she had two sons: Frederik and Joachim. Margrethe succeeded her father upon his
death on 14 January 1972.

As sovereign, Margrethe received 42 official state visits and she undertook 55 foreign state visits herself.[2][3]
Margrethe has worked as a scenographer, a costume designer, and an illustrator of works by J. R. R. Tolkien. She and
the royal family have made several other foreign visits.[2] During her reign, support for the monarchy in Denmark
remained consistently high at around 82%, as did Margrethe's personal popularity.[4][5] She was succeeded by her
son, Frederik X; nonetheless, she retains her royal style.

Contents

Early life and education

Margrethe was born as a Princess of Denmark on 16 April 1940 at 10:10 CET

at Frederik VIII's Palace, in her parents' residence at Amalienborg, the
principal residence of the Danish royal family in the district of
Frederiksstaden in central Copenhagen.[6] She was the first child of the Formal portrait, 2012
Crown Prince and Crown Princess (later King Frederik IX and Queen Ingrid). Queen of Denmark
Her father was the elder son of the then-reigning King Christian X, while her
Reign 14 January 1972 – 14
mother was the only daughter of the then Crown Prince of Sweden (who
January 2024
would later reign as King Gustaf VI Adolf). Her birth took place just one
week after Nazi Germany's invasion of Denmark on 9 April 1940.[7] Predecessor Frederik IX

Margrethe was baptised on 14 May in the Holmen Church in Copenhagen.[7]

Successor Frederik X
Her godparents were her grandfathers, King Christian X of Denmark and the
Margrethe (left) with her parents and then Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden; her maternal great- Prime ministers See list
sisters, 1954
grandfathers, King Gustaf V of Sweden and Prince Arthur, Duke of Denmark
Connaught and Strathearn; her uncles, Prince Knud of Denmark and Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten; as Jens Otto Krag
well as her first cousin twice removed, Prince Axel of Denmark.[6] She was named Margrethe – the Danish variation of Anker Jørgensen
her late maternal grandmother Crown Princess Margareta of Sweden's name – Alexandrine after her paternal Poul Hartling

grandmother, Queen Alexandrine, and Ingrid after her mother. Since her paternal grandfather was also King of Poul Schlüter

Iceland at the time of her birth, she was given the Icelandic name Þórhildur.[8] Like her maternal grandmother, Poul Nyrup
Rasmussen
Margrethe is known affectionately as "Daisy" to her family and close friends.[9]
Anders Fogh
The birth of her younger sisters Benedikte and Anne-Marie followed in 1944 and 1946 respectively. Margrethe and Rasmussen
her sisters grew up in apartments at Frederik VIII's Palace at Amalienborg in Copenhagen and in Fredensborg Palace Lars Løkke
in North Zealand. She spent summer holidays with the royal family in her parents' summer residence at Gråsten Rasmussen

Palace in Southern Jutland. On 20 April 1947, following the death of King Christian X, Margrethe's father ascended Helle Thorning-

the throne as King Frederik IX.[10] Schmidt

Lars Løkke
Rasmussen
Education Mette Frederiksen
Faroe Islands
Margrethe was educated at the private school N. Zahle's School in Copenhagen, from which she graduated in 1959. Atli Dam
She spent a year at North Foreland Lodge, a boarding school for girls in Hampshire, England,[11] and later studied Jógvan Sundstein
prehistoric archaeology at Girton College, Cambridge, during 1960–1961, political science at Aarhus University Marita Petersen
between 1961 and 1962, attended the Sorbonne in 1963, and was at the London School of Economics in 1965.[12] She Edmund Joensen
is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London.[7] Anfinn Kallsberg
Jóannes
[7][12]
Margrethe is fluent in Danish, French, English, Swedish and German, and has a limited knowledge of Faroese. Eidesgaard
Kaj Leo
Johannesen
Heir presumptive
Aksel V.
Johannesen
At the time of her birth, only males could ascend the throne of Denmark, owing to the changes in succession laws
Bárður á Steig
enacted in the 1850s when the Glücksburg branch was chosen to succeed. As Margrethe had no brothers, it was
Nielsen
assumed that her uncle Prince Knud would one day assume the throne.[13]
Greenland
Jonathan
The process of changing the constitution started in 1947, not long after Margrethe's father ascended the throne and
Motzfeldt
it became clear that Queen Ingrid would have no more children. The popularity of Frederik and his daughters and the
Lars Emil
more prominent role of women in Danish life started the complicated process of altering the constitution. The law
Johansen
required that the proposal be passed by two successive Parliaments and then by a referendum, which occurred on
Hans Enoksen
27 March 1953. The new Act of Succession permitted female succession to the throne of Denmark, according to
Kuupik Kleist
male-preference cognatic primogeniture, where a female can ascend to the throne only if she does not have a Aleqa Hammond
[7]
brother. Princess Margrethe therefore became heir presumptive. In 2009, the law of succession was modified into Kim Kielsen
[14]
absolute primogeniture. Múte Bourup
Egede
Margrethe attended the traditional New Year Courts for the first time in 1956.[6] On her eighteenth birthday, 16 April
1958, Margrethe was given a seat in the Council of State. She subsequently chaired the meetings of the Council in
the absence of the King.[7] In 1960, together with her first cousin, Princess Margaretha of Sweden, and Princess Born 16 April 1940 (age 83)
Amalienborg,
Astrid of Norway, she travelled to the United States, which included a visit to Los Angeles, and to the Paramount
Copenhagen, Denmark
Studios, where they met several celebrities, including Dean Martin, Jerry Lewis and Elvis Presley.[15]

Spouse Henri de Laborde de

She paid her first visit to the Faroe Islands in 1959, alongside her parents and sisters, and to Greenland in 1960.[6]
Monpezat
(m. 1967; died 2018)

Marriage and family Issue Frederik X

See also: Wedding of Princess Margrethe and Henri de Laborde de Monpezat Detail Prince Joachim

While Margrethe studied in London, she met the French diplomat, Henri de Laborde de Monpezat, who was legation
Names
secretary at the French Embassy in London. Their engagement was announced on 5 October 1966. They were
married on 10 June 1967, at the Holmen Church in Copenhagen, and the wedding reception was held at Fredensborg Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid
[7]
Palace. Laborde de Monpezat received the style and title of "His Royal Highness Prince Henrik of Denmark"
because of his new position as the spouse of the heir presumptive to the Danish throne.[7] They were married for
over fifty years, until his death on 13 February 2018.[7] House Glücksburg[1]

Less than a year after the wedding, Margrethe gave birth to her first child, a son, on 26 May 1968. By tradition, Father Frederik IX of Denmark
Danish kings were alternately named either Frederik or Christian. She chose to maintain this by assuming the position
of a Christian, and thus named her elder son Frederik. The following year, a second child, named Joachim, was born Mother Ingrid of Sweden

on 7 June 1969.[7]
Religion Church of Denmark
In 1974, she and Henrik purchased Château de Cayx in the wine district of Cahors in Southern France.[6]
Signature
Margrethe announced in 2008 that her male-line descendants would bear the additional title of Count or Countess of
Monpezat in recognition of her husband's ancestry.[16]

In 2022, the Queen announced that, from the start of 2023, the descendants of Prince
Joachim will only be able to use their titles of Count and Countess of Monpezat, their
previous titles of Prince and Princess of Denmark ceasing to exist. To allow the children,
who were never expected to hold an official role within the royal family, to have normal
lives, the Queen wanted "to create a framework for the four grandchildren, to a much
greater degree, to be able to shape their own existence without being limited by the
special considerations and obligations that a formal affiliation with the Royal House as an
institution implies".[17] Her son, Joachim, daughter-in-law, Marie, former daughter-in-law,
Alexandra, and eldest grandson, Nikolai, publicly expressed shock and confusion because
of the decision,[18] after which Margrethe released a statement in which she said that it
saddened her that she had upset Joachim's family.[19]

Along with her late husband, Margrethe has kept dachshunds since the 1970s.[6] She Princess Margrethe in August 1966

currently has one dog, the dachshund Tilia, who was Prince Henrik's dog until his death in
2018.

Margrethe and Henri in 1966

Reign

Accession Margrethe surrounded by her family

waving to crowds on her 70th birthday in
Shortly after King Frederik IX delivered his New Year's Address to the Nation at the 1971/72 turn of the year, he fell ill, and died 14 April 2010
days later on 14 January 1972. Margrethe succeeded to the throne at the age of 31, becoming the first female Danish sovereign
under the new Act of Succession. She was proclaimed Queen from the balcony of Christiansborg Palace 15 January 1972 by Prime Minister Jens Otto Krag. Queen
Margrethe II relinquished all the monarch's former titles except the title to Denmark, hence her style "By the Grace of God, Queen of Denmark" (Danish: Margrethe den
Anden, af Guds Nåde Danmarks Dronning). The Queen chose the motto: God's help, the love of The People, Denmark's strength.[12] She chose to be known as Margrethe II
in recognition of the 14th century Danish regent, Margrethe, who has been publicly known as Queen Margrethe despite never being crowned.[6]

In her first address to the people, Queen Margrethe II said:

My beloved father, our King, is dead. The task that my father had carried for nearly 25 years is now resting on my shoulders. I pray to God to give me help and
strength to carry the heavy heritage. May the trust that was given to my father also be granted to me.[20]

Constitutional role

The Queen's main tasks were to represent the Kingdom abroad and to be a unifying figure at home. She performs the latter by
opening exhibitions, attending anniversaries and inaugurating bridges, among other things. She receives foreign ambassadors and
awards honours and medals.

As a constitutional sovereign, the Queen took no part in party politics and does not express any political opinions. Although she
had the right to vote, she opted not to do so to avoid even the appearance of partisanship.[7]

Margrethe hosting Russian President
Dmitry Medvedev in Denmark, April 2010
The Queen held a meeting with the prime minister and the foreign affairs minister every Wednesday, unless she or the prime
minister was outside of the kingdom.
After an election where the incumbent prime minister does not have a majority behind him or her, the Queen held a
"Dronningerunde" (Queen's meeting) in which she met the chairmen of each of the Danish political parties.[21]

Each party has the choice of selecting a royal investigator to lead these negotiations or alternatively, give the incumbent prime
minister the mandate to continue his or her government as is. In theory each party could choose its own leader as royal
investigator, as the social liberal Det Radikale Venstre did in 2006, but often only one royal investigator is chosen plus the prime
minister, before each election. The leader who, at that meeting succeeds in securing a majority of the seats in the Folketing, is by
royal decree charged with the task of forming a new government. (No party has held an absolute majority in the Folketing since
1903.)

Once the government had been formed, it was formally appointed by the Queen. Officially, it was the Queen who was the head of
state, and she therefore presided over the Council of State (privy council), where the acts of legislation which have been passed by
Margrethe with Michelle Obama at the
the parliament are signed into law. In practice, nearly all of the Queen's formal powers were exercised by the Cabinet of Denmark. White House, June 2011

It was customary for Margrethe as the Danish monarch to host annual New Year levées. Every year on 1 January, a banquet was held for the government, the Speaker of the
Danish Parliament, representatives of official Denmark and the Royal Court at Christian VIII's Palace at Amalienborg. On day 2, a levée was held at Christian VIII's Palace for
the justices of Supreme Court of Denmark and the Officer Corps of The Royal Life Guards and The Guard Hussar Regiment, while a levée for the diplomatic corps will be
held at Christiansborg Palace afterwards. On day 3, a New Year's levee was held for officers from the Defence and the Danish Emergency Management Agency, the I., II. and
III. ranking classes as well as invited representatives of major national organisations and the royal patronages.[22]

Official duties

As of January 2024, she held 72 Danish and 8 foreign patronages as Queen, including Aarhus Festuge, ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum, DaneAge Association, Danes Worldwide,
the Danish Animal Welfare Society [da], the Danish Cancer Society [da], Den Gamle By, Det Classenske Fideicommis, the Danish Bible Society [da], Det Kongelige Vajsenhus,
Diakonissestiftelsen, Foreningen Norden, Land of Legends (Sagnlandet Lejre), M/S Maritime Museum of Denmark, Moesgaard Museum, National Olympic Committee and
Sports Confederation of Denmark, Nyborg Slot, Rebild National Park, the Royal Danish Academy of Music, Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Royal Danish
Yacht Club, Rungstedlund Foundation [da], Sankt Lukas Stiftelsen, Vallø stift and Vemmetofte.[23]

A pillar of Margrethe's reign was an intricate knowledge of and connection to all parts of the Danish Realm. In 2016, she contributed to a book about Denmark's history.[24]

Queen Margrethe is colonel-in-chief of the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires), an infantry regiment of the British Army, following a
tradition dating back to 1906 when Edward VII, married to Alexandra of Denmark, appointed his brother-in-law, Frederik VIII of Denmark, colonel-in-chief of the then Buffs
(Royal East Kent Regiment).[7][25]

Residences

As Queen, her official residences were Amalienborg Palace (where she resides in Christian IX's Palace) in Copenhagen and Fredensborg Palace near Hillerød. Her summer
residences were Marselisborg Palace[26] near Aarhus and Gråsten Palace[27] near Sønderborg, the former home of her mother, Queen Ingrid, who died in 2000.[28]

Silver and Ruby Jubilees

Queen Margrethe II marked her Silver Jubilee in 1997 with a religious service and a gala dinner attended by fellow Scandinavian
royals.[29] She celebrated her Ruby Jubilee, the 40th year on the throne, on 14 January 2012.[30] This was marked by a church
service, concert, carriage procession, gala banquet at Christiansborg Palace and numerous TV interviews.[29]

Immigration debate

In her annual New Year's Eve address in 1984, the Queen addressed the xenophobia experienced by many immigrants in Denmark:

We have the peace, the free political life and social relations that make our country a sought-after haven for many. Faroese stamps marking the Queen's
Refugees from very different backgrounds come here, sometimes injured in both mind and body. We welcome them silver jubilee in 1997 (left), and her ruby
jubilee in 2012 (right)
and are probably also a little proud that they have chosen our little paradise, but when we see them fumbling with
our way of life and our language, hospitality becomes difficult all too quickly, and disappointment sets in on both
sides. There are also others who have felt that, namely the guest workers and their families (...) Then we come with
our 'Danish humour' and little cocky remarks. Then we meet them with coolness, and then there is not far to
harassment and rougher methods – we cannot allow that. If we want the new year to be better than the old, then here
is a good place to start.

The term "dumsmarte bemærkninger" ("cocky remarks", or directly translated "dumb-slick remarks") has since become an integrated part of the Danish vocabulary.[31]

In an interview within the 2016 book De dybeste rødder (The Deepest Roots), according to historians at the Saxo Institute of the University of Copenhagen she showed a
change in attitude to immigration towards a more conservative stance. She stated that the Danish people should have more explicitly clarified the rules and values of Danish
culture in order to be able to teach them to new arrivals. She further stated that the Danes in general have underestimated the difficulties involved in successful integration
of immigrants, exemplified with the rules of a democracy not being clarified to Muslim immigrants and a lack of readiness to enforce those rules. This was received as a
change in line with the attitude of the Danish people.[32][33]

Golden Jubilee

Main article: Golden Jubilee of Margrethe II

The Queen's Golden Jubilee was marked on 14 January 2022, with celebrations to take place later in the year. In September,
following the death of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, it was announced by the Royal House that it was "Her Majesty The
Queen's wish that a number of adjustments be made" to the upcoming celebrations.[34]

From Elizabeth II's death until her abdication, Margrethe was Europe's longest-reigning current monarch, the world's only queen
regnant, and the longest-serving incumbent female head of state.[35]

Sitting reign record

In July 2023, the Danish Royal House recognized Margrethe II as Denmark's longest reigning sitting monarch.[36][37] Though Margrethe waving to the crowd from
Christian IV reigned for over 59 years between 1588 and 1648, he was not officially installed until 1596, ruling with a "guardian balcony of the Town Hall of Copenhagen
government" up until then.[36] during her Golden Jubilee celebrations,
2022

Abdication

Main article: Abdication of Margrethe II

In her annual live broadcast New Year's Eve address on 31 December 2023, Margrethe announced her abdication, which took place on 14 January 2024, the 52nd
anniversary of her accession to the throne.[38] She said that time had taken its "toll", that her number of "ailments" had increased, and that she cannot undertake as many
duties as in the past. She cited her extensive back surgery in February 2023, and said that the operation made her reassess her position and consider "whether now would
be an appropriate time to pass on the responsibility to the next generation".[39]

She was succeeded by her elder son, Frederik, as King Frederik X.[40][41] Mirroring her first New Year Address in 1972, she said of the succession: "The support and
assistance which I have received throughout the years, have been crucial to the success of my task. It is my hope that the new King and Queen will be met with the same
trust and devotion which have fallen to my lot."[39]

Since her abdication, she has been referred to as "Her Majesty Queen Margrethe II" or "Her Majesty Queen Margrethe".[42][43] Margrethe is eligible to serve as regent in the
event of the incapacity or absence of the King and Crown Prince Christian. As regent, Margrethe can perform the duties of the head of state on certain occasions, for
example during Frederik and Christian's stays abroad.[44]

Health

Queen Margrethe has had a number of health issues. During the 1990s and early 2000s, she underwent several operations on her right knee due to injuries and
osteoarthritis. In 1994, she was treated for cervical cancer.[45] In 2003, she underwent a 4.5 hour long operation for spinal stenosis.[46]

On 9 February 2022, the Danish court disclosed in a press release that the Queen had contracted COVID-19.[47] On 13 February, the Queen could leave home isolation after
having had a mild case of the virus.[48] On 21 September 2022, the Danish Royal House disclosed in a press release that Margrethe had again contracted COVID-19, after
attending the funeral of Elizabeth II, her third cousin, in London.[49][50] She left home isolation on 26 September and resumed her official duties immediately, stating that she
felt fine.[51]

On 22 February 2023, the Queen underwent "major back surgery" at Rigshospitalet due to continued back pain.[52] In a statement the following day, a representative for the
Queen said that the surgery had gone well and that she had already been up for a walk.[46] She was discharged from the hospital on 2 March,[52][53] and returned from sick
leave on her birthday on 16 April.

Margrethe has been a chain smoker and is well known for her tobacco habit.[54] On 23 November 2006, the Danish newspaper B.T.
printed an announcement from the Royal Court that the Queen would henceforth smoke only in private. She has not smoked since
her spinal surgery in February 2023.[55]

Public image and style

Margrethe wears designs by former Pierre Balmain designer Erik Mortensen, Jørgen Bender, and Birgitte Taulow.[citation needed] In
March 2013, The Guardian listed her as one of the fifty best-dressed over 50s.[58] In connection with her 80th birthday, British
Vogue published an article calling her "An Unsung Style Heroine."[59]
Henrik lighting a cigarette for Margrethe,
The Queen has been depicted on the annual Christmas seal twice. As a child in 1942 and after her accession to the throne in 1972. 1966
[6]
In 1985, Andy Warhol depicted Margrethe on silkscreen as a part of his Reigning Queens series.

Personal interests

Archaeology

Margrethe is known for her strong archaeological passion and has participated in several excavations, including in Italy, Egypt,
Denmark and South America.[60] She shared this interest with her grandfather, Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden, with whom she spent
some time unearthing artefacts near Etruria in 1962.[4] Margrethe wearing her famous yellow and
floral raincoat, which was sewn out of a
waxy outdoor tablecloth[56][57]
Church textiles

Since the 1970s, Margrethe has designed and embroidered several vestments and church textiles for churches in Denmark, Greenland, Germany and England.[61] She has
designed a chasuble for Fredensborg Palace Church which was since embroidered by her mother, Queen Ingrid, and appliquéd by her sister, Princess Benedikte. The textile
was presented to the church on its 250th anniversary in 1976. In 1989, Margrethe designed the bishop's robe for the Diocese of Viborg. In 2017, she designed the
antependium for the All Saints' Church in Wittenberg, Germany. In 2020, she designed the chasuble for the Danish Church of St Katharine in Camden, London.[62]

In addition to the church textiles, Margrethe has various other things, including an altarpiece for Skei Mountain Church in Norway, a Christmas spoon, the annual Danish
Christmas seals in 1970, 2003 and 2015, and Greenland's Christmas seal in 1983.[63]

Découpage

Since the mid-1970s, Margrethe has been using the découpage technique, which involves combining clippings from periodicals and books for new motifs. This technique is
used in auction catalogues, home magazines, and furniture decorations. The découpage often references literary, mythological, or art-historical topics, and is often
displayed in royal palaces, particularly Christian VII's Palace at Amalienborg. Sealed with a protective lacquer, the Queen's découpage works generally have references to
literary, mythological or art-historical topics.[64]

Margrethe's découpage works have also been used in various books and films, including Prince Henrik's poetry collections Cantabile (2000) and Frihjul (2010).[64]

Embroidery

As a child, Margrethe preferred drawing rather than needlework, but since 1960, numerous embroideries have been presented as gifts or used in the Queen's own rooms.
The embroideries are made from patterns that Margrethe herself creates on graph paper, which includes twining shapes and the recipient's monogram. The Queen has
designed several embroideries for the Danish Handcraft Guild, including patterns for calendars, cushion covers and dinner mats. Margrethe has also designed evening bags
and spectacle cases for friends and family members, including Christmas calendars for all of the grandchildren, cushion covers and furniture covers for the palaces, and
fireplace screens for Fredensborg Palace.[65]

The Queen's private embroideries were exhibited at Koldinghus Castle in 2021.[65]

Films

The Queen has worked as a screenwriter alongside Per Brink Abrahamsen on the two Hans Christian Andersen adaptations The Snow Queen [da] from 2000 and The Wild
Swans [da] from 2009. Additionally, she narrated the former and made an uncredited acting cameo as a "member of the mob" in the latter.

Using decoupage as her primary craft, she has also been a set designer for:

The Snow Queen [da] (2000)

The Wild Swans [da] (2009)

Ehrengard: The Art of Seduction (2023)

Margrethe was nominated for her work on Ehrengard: The Art of Seduction in the categories Best Costume Design and Best Production Design at the 41st Robert Awards.
[66]

Monograms

In 2004, Margrethe designed the official monogram of her second cousin twice removed, Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway.[67]
She has also designed her own personal monogram; the personal monograms of her son Frederik, daughter-in-law Mary and
grandson Christian; as well as the joint monograms of the Danish Crown Prince couple as well as the Norwegian Crown Prince
couple, her godson, Haakon, and his wife, Mette-Marit.

Scenography and costume design

Over the years, Margrethe has become involved in ballet as a scenographer and costume designer.[68] She designed the costumes
for the Royal Danish Ballet's production of A Folk Tale and for the 2009 Peter Flinth film, De vilde svaner (The Wild Swans).[7][69] Margrethe's royal monogram (left) and
her personal monogram (right)
She also designs her own clothes and is known for her colourful and sometimes eccentric clothing choices. The Queen designed
51 costumes for the 2023 film Ehrengard: The Art of Seduction as well as 81 decoupages that were the basis for the sets.[70][71]

Margrethe has designed sets and costumes for numerous ballets. Since 2001, she has worked with the Tivoli Ballet Theatre:[72]

1991: A Folk Tale, Royal Danish Theatre

2005 & 2011: Thumbelina, Pantomimeteatret

2007, 2013 & 2018: The Tinderbox, Pantomimeteatret

2009: The Swineherd, Pantomimeteatret

2012, 2014, 2016, 2018 & 2022: The Nutcracker, Tivoli Concert Hall

2013: The Steadfast Tin Soldier, Pantomimeteatret

2016: Cinderella, Pantomimeteatret

2019, 2021 & 2023: The Snow Queen, Tivoli Concert Hall

Visual art

Margrethe is an accomplished painter and has exhibited many of her works over the years.[73] In 2000, she illustrated Prince Henrik's poetry collection Cantabile. Under the
title From mountains to coast, she and her close friend, Queen Sonja of Norway, exhibited selected works inspired by nature at the Barony Rosendal in 2015.

Under the pseudonym Ingahild Grathmer (the latter being an anagram for Margrethe and the former made up of her secondary names Ingrid, Alexandrine and Þórhildur),
her illustrations were used for Danish editions of The Lord of the Rings, which she was encouraged to illustrate in the early 1970s.[74] She sent them to J. R. R. Tolkien, who
was struck by the similarity of her drawings to his own style.[75] Margrethe's drawings were redrawn by the British artist Eric Fraser for the Folio Society's English edition of
The Lord of the Rings, first published in 1977 and reissued in 2002.

Honours

See also: List of honours of the Danish royal family by country

National
Denmark:
20 April 1947: Knight of the Order of the Elephant (R.E.)[76]
14 January 1972 – 14 January 2024: Sovereign of the Order of the Elephant

14 January 1972: Grand Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog (S.Kmd.)

14 January 1972 – 14 January 2024: Grand Master of the Order of the Dannebrog

Knight of the Decoration of the Cross of Honour of the Dannebrog (D.Ht.)[76]

Homeguard Medal of Merit[76]

25 years of Homeguard Service Medal[76]

Medal of Honour of the League of Civil Defence[76]

Medal of Honour of the Reserve Officers League[76]

100th Anniversary Medal of the Birth of King Christian X[76]

50th Anniversary Medal of the arrival of Queen Ingrid to Denmark[76]

100th Anniversary Medal of the Birth of King Frederik IX[76]

Queen Ingrid Commemorative Medal[76]

Greenland:
Nersornaat Medal for Meritorious Service, 1st Class[76]

Foreign

Argentina: Grand Cross of the Order of the Japan: Romania: Collar of the Order of the Star of
[76] [76]
Liberator San Martín Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum Romania[76]

Austria: Grand Star of the Decoration of Honour Grand Cordon (Paulownia) of the Order of the Saudi Arabia: Collar of the Order of Abdulaziz Al
[76][77] [76]
for Services to the Republic of Austria Precious Crown Saud[76]

Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold Jordan: Collar of the Order of Al-Hussein bin Slovakia: Grand Cross of the Order of the White
[76] [76]
I Ali Double Cross[76]

Brazil: Grand Collar of the Order of the Southern Latvia: Commander Grand Cross with Chain of Slovenia: Member 1st Class of the Order of
[76] [76]
Cross the Order of the Three Stars Freedom of the Republic of Slovenia[76]

Bulgaria: Sash of the Order of the Stara Lithuania: Grand Cross of the Order of Vytautas Spain:
[76] [76][79]
Planina the Great Lady of the Order of the Golden Fleece[76][82]

Chile: Grand Cross of the Order of the Merit of Luxembourg: Knight of the Order of the Gold Dame of the Collar of the Order of Charles
[76] [76]
Chile Lion of the House of Nassau III[76][83]

Estonia: Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mexico: Collar of the Order of the Aztec Sweden:
[76] [76][80]
Mariana Eagle Member of the Royal Order of the Seraphim[76]

Egypt: Collar of the Order of the Nile[76] Morocco: Grand Cordon of the Order of Ouissam Recipient of the 85th Birthday Medal of King
[76]
Alaouite Gustaf VI Adolf[76]
Finland: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of
the White Rose[76] Netherlands: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Recipient of the 40th Birthday Medal of King Carl
[76]
the Netherlands Lion XVI Gustaf[76]
France: Grand Cross of the Order of the Legion
of Honour[76] Kingdom of Nepal: Member of the Nepal Recipient of King Carl XVI Gustaf's 70th Birthday
[76]
Decoration of Honour Commemorative Sign[76]
Germany: Grand Cross Special Class of the Order
of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany[76] Norway: South Africa: Grand Collar of the Order of Good
Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of St. Hope[76]
Greece:
Olav[76]
Greek Royal Family: Dame Grand Cross, South Korea: Recipient of the Grand Order of
Special Class of the Royal Order of Saints Olga Recipient of the Silver Jubilee Medal of King Olav Mugunghwa[76]
and Sophia[76] V[76]
Thailand:
Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of the Recipient of the Silver Jubilee Medal of King Dame of the Order of the Rajamitrabhorn[76]
Redeemer[76] Harald V[81]
Dame of the Order of the Royal House of
Iceland: Collar with Grand Cross Breast Star of Poland: Chakri[76]
the Order of the Falcon[76][78] Knight of the Order of the White Eagle[76]
United Arab Emirates: Grand Cordon of the Order
[76]
Iranian Imperial Family: Member 2nd Class of the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Al Kamal
Order of the Pleiades[76] of Poland[76]
United Kingdom:
Italy: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order Portugal: Stranger Lady Companion of the Order of the
of Merit of the Italian Republic[76] Grand Collar of the Military Order of Saint James Garter (7th Lady since 1901; 1979)[76]
of the Sword[76]
Recipient of the Royal Victorian Chain (1974)[76]
Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry[76]
Yugoslavia: Great Star of the Order of the
Yugoslav Star[76]

Honorific eponyms

Awards
Denmark: Queen Margrethe II's Science Award [da] (2015)
Geographic locations

Denmark: The Queen's Boulevard [da] (1979)

Greenland: Queen Margrethe II Land in Northeast Greenland was named in her honour on 16 April 1990 on the occasion of her 50th birthday[84]
Objects
Denmark: The Margrethe Bowl [da] designed by her uncle, Sigvard Bernadotte, for Rosti in 1947
Structures
Denmark: Margrethe's Church [da] in Valby (1968)

Nongovernmental organizations
Slovakia: Tree of Peace Memorial Plaque. Awarded on 16 April 2020, on the occasion of her 80th birthday. Plaque presented on behalf of Servare et Manere on 29
September 2020 to Henning Fode, Private Secretary of the Queen by Miroslav Wlachovský, the Ambassador of the Slovak Republic to the Kingdom of Denmark.[85]

Honorary military appointments

1972–1992: Colonel-in-Chief of the Queen's Regiment[86]

1992–1997: Allied Colonel-in-Chief (with Diana, Princess of Wales) of the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment[86]

1997–2024: Colonel-in-Chief of the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment[86]

See also

Monarchy of Denmark
Denmark portal
List of monarchs who abdicated
Faroe Islands portal

References

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Bibliography

Andersen, Jens (2011). Nørholm, Elise H. (ed.). M, 40 år på tronen (in Danish) (1st ed.). Lerche, Anna; Mandal, Marcus (2003). A royal family: the story of Christian IX and his
Copenhagen: Lindhardt og Ringhof. ISBN 978-87-11-41969-4. European descendants. Copenhagen: Aschehoug. ISBN 978-87-15-10957-7.

Bloch Skipper, Jon (2008). Tre søstre: samtaler mellem dronning Margrethe, prinsesse Lyding, Henrik (2009). Dronningens teater (in Danish). Copenhagen: Gyldendal. ISBN 978-
Benedikte og dronning Anne-Marie [Three sisters: conversations between Queen 87-02-07878-7.
Margrethe, Princess Benedikte and Queen Anne-Marie] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Lindhardt
Margrethe II (2012). Andersen, Jens (ed.). Om man så må sige, 350 Dronning Margrethe-
og Ringhof. ISBN 978-87-11-30060-2.
citater (in Danish). Copenhagen: Lindhardt og Ringhof. ISBN 978-87-11-39416-8.
Bramsen, Bo (1992). Huset Glücksborg. Europas svigerfader og hans efterslægt [The
Rubinstein, Mogens (1996). Dronning Margrethe II, 25 år som regent (in Danish).
House of Glücksburg. The Father-in-law of Europe and his descendants] (in Danish)
Copenhagen: Møntergården. ISBN 87-7553-552-1.
(2nd ed.). Copenhagen: Forlaget Forum. ISBN 87-553-1843-6.
Scocozza, Benito (1997). "Margrethe 2.". Politikens bog om danske monarker [Politiken's
Dehn-Nielsen, Henning (2005). Margrethe 2., Danmarks dronning (in Danish) (3rd ed.).
book about Danish monarchs] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Politikens Forlag. pp. 204–209.
Copenhagen: Aschehoug. ISBN 87-11-22283-2.
ISBN 87-567-5772-7.
Fabricius Møller, Jes (2013). Dynastiet Glücksborg, en Danmarkshistorie [The Glücksborg
Skipper, Jon Bloch (2008). Tre søstre, samtaler mellem dronning Margrethe, prinsesse
Dynasty, a history of Denmark] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Gad. ISBN 978-87-12-04841-1.
Benedikte og dronning Anne-Marie (in Danish). Copenhagen: Lindhardt og Ringhof.
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External links

Queen Margrethe's Homepage Wikimedia Commons has media

related to Margrethe II of
Tapestries for HM The Queen of Denmark Denmark.

Appearances on C-SPAN
Wikiquote has quotations related
to Margrethe II.

Margrethe II
House of Glücksburg
Cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg
Born: 16 April 1940

Regnal titles

Preceded by Queen of Denmark Succeeded by

Frederik IX 14 January 1972 – 14 January 2024 Frederik X

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