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    This document summarizes a lecture on the evolution of body plans. It recaps that protostomes develop with the mouth forming from the blastophore, while deuterostomes develop with the anus forming from the blastophore. It discusses that cells need to identify their position in the embryo through signaling gradients to direct proper development. The antero-posterior axis is established by the Wnt signaling pathway, while the dorsal-ventral axis differs between protostomes and deuterostomes, being established by the BMP signaling pathway. Learning outcomes include understanding these molecular mechanisms and differences in body plan evolution.

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    This document summarizes a lecture on the evolution of body plans. It recaps that protostomes develop with the mouth forming from the blastophore, while deuterostomes develop with the anus forming from the blastophore. It discusses that cells need to identify their position in the embryo through signaling gradients to direct proper development. The antero-posterior axis is established by the Wnt signaling pathway, while the dorsal-ventral axis differs between protostomes and deuterostomes, being established by the BMP signaling pathway. Learning outcomes include understanding these molecular mechanisms and differences in body plan evolution.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 views39 pages

    Lecture3 BodyPlan

    Uploaded by

    abigail.meissner
    This document summarizes a lecture on the evolution of body plans. It recaps that protostomes develop with the mouth forming from the blastophore, while deuterostomes develop with the anus forming from the blastophore. It discusses that cells need to identify their position in the embryo through signaling gradients to direct proper development. The antero-posterior axis is established by the Wnt signaling pathway, while the dorsal-ventral axis differs between protostomes and deuterostomes, being established by the BMP signaling pathway. Learning outcomes include understanding these molecular mechanisms and differences in body plan evolution.

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    of 39

    Lecture 3:

    Evolution of Body Plan


    Juliano Morimoto
    juliano.morimoto@abdn.ac.uk

    BI2524: Comparative Physiology I


    Learning outcomes

    1 Review the differences on the evolution of body


    plans

    2 Understand the overall molecular mechanism


    involved in antero-posterior axis

    3 Understand the overall molecular mechanism


    Involved in dorsal-ventral axis
    Recap from Diversity of Life
    Protostome vs Deuterostome?
    Who remembers?
    Recap from Diversity of Life
    Protostome vs Deuterostome?
    Who remembers?
    Recap from Diversity of Life
    Protostome vs Deuterostome?
    Who remembers?
    Recap from Diversity of Life
    Protostome vs Deuterostome?
    Who remembers?

    If blastophore becomes:
    • The mouth: Protostome
    • The anus: Deuterostome
    Task 1: Recap blastophore from Diveristy of Life
    Protostome and Deuterostome across the tree of life
    Protostome and Deuterostome across the tree of life
    (Some) examples
    Protostome Deuterostome

    Mollusks
    Echinodermata

    Annelida

    Chordata

    Arthropoda Hemichordate
    5 min break
    Questions?
    Where are we?

    ??

    ??
    Where are we?

    How do cells know where they are and what


    do they have to become?
    How do cells know where they are and what
    do they have to become?
    How do cells know where they are and what
    do they have to become?
    How do they know what’s front, back, head, or tail?

    Front or
    Head or tail
    back
    How do cells know where they are and what
    do they have to become?
    How do they know what’s front, back, head, or tail?

    Do you know or can you guess?


    5 min discussion
    Everything is a gradient…

    Embryo
    Everything is a gradient…

    Embryo

    Signaling pathways involved in antero-posterior (A-P) and


    dorsal-ventral (D-V) axes
    The A-P axis
    True to both protostomes and deuterostomes
    The A-P axis
    True to both protostomes and deuterostomes

    The Wnt signalling (canonical)


    The A-P axis
    Messing about with the Wnt signaling…
    The A-P axis
    True to both protostomes and deuterostomes

    The Wnt signalling (more functions)


    The A-P axis
    True to both protostomes and deuterostomes

    The Wnt signalling (canonical)

    Wnt Signalling overview


    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLbwbkckuqE
    Everything is a gradient…

    Embryo

    Signaling pathways involved in antero-posterior (A-P) and


    dorsal-ventral (D-V) axes
    Everything is a gradient…

    Embryo

    Wnt
    Signaling pathways involved in antero-posterior (A-P) and
    dorsal-ventral (D-V) axes
    The D-V axis
    The D-V axis
    Protostomes and deuterostomes are different

    The BMP signalling


    The D-V axis
    Protostomes and deuterostomes are different

    The BMP signalling


    The D-V axis
    Protostomes and deuterostomes are different

    The BMP signalling


    The D-V axis
    Protostomes and deuterostomes are different

    The BMP signalling


    Deuterostome Protostome
    Everything is a gradient…

    Embryo BMP

    Wnt
    Signaling pathways involved in antero-posterior (A-P) and
    dorsal-ventral (D-V) axes
    Note that…

    Wnt BMP
    • Determines A-P axis • Determines D-V axis
    • Relies on • Relies on
    ubiquitylation phosphorylation
    Recap
    Recap
    Deuterostome: blastophore = anus
    Protostome: blastophore = mouth
    Recap
    Deuterostome: blastophore = anus
    Protostome: blastophore = mouth

    Cells need to identify where they are so that development


    is completed adequately:
    • A-P axis: Wnt signaling
    • D-V axis: BMP signaling
    Recap
    Deuterostome: blastophore = anus
    Protostome: blastophore = mouth

    Cells need to identify where they are so that development


    is completed adequately:
    • A-P axis: Wnt signaling
    • D-V axis: BMP signaling

    Wnt = ubiquitylation; BMP = phosphorylation


    Learning outcomes

    1 Review the differences on the evolution of body


    plans

    2 Understand the overall molecular mechanism


    involved in antero-posterior axis

    3 Understand the overall molecular mechanism


    Involved in dorsal-ventral axis
    Next lecture…

    …Evolution of body segmentation


    Human Embryo
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uCn1PQP2yAo

    Salamander Embryo
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEejivHRIbE

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