Chapter 2

Sets and Venn Diagrams

A Sets
Set (collection of distinct numbers/objects)
Element (the member of set)

Set notation:
∈(is an element of)
∉(not an element of)
n( A) (number of elements in the set)

Equal (when two sets contain exact same elements)

Subset (ex: every element of A is in B and A = B -> A ⊆ B)
Proper subset (ex: every element of A is in B but A ≠ B → A ⊂ B )
Empty set (⊘, {}, or null)
Finite set (set with countable value n( A) )
Infinite set (set with unlimited value)

B Intersection and Union

Intersection (elements in both A and B, A ∩ B)
-mutually exclusive ( A ∩ B=⊘)
Union (elements in either A or B, A ∪ B)

C Complement of a Set
Universal Set (all elements in the data U )
Complement (all elements that are not part of the set, A ' )
- A ∩ A '=⊘
- A ∪ A '=U
-n( A)+ n( A ')=n (U )

D Special Number Sets

= {0,1,2,3,..} natural numbers
= {...,-2,-1,0,1,2,...} integers
= {1,2,3,..} positive integers
= rational numbers
= irrational numbers
= real numbers

E Interval Notation
Interval notation
{ }
the set of all integer x such that x lies between -3 and 5
Number line
>number line diagram
Filled in circle: included
Not filled in circle: not included boundaries

Bracket notation
[a , b]→{x ∨a ≤ x ≤ b } (closed interval)
¿ a , b ¿ (open interval)

F Venn Diagrams
U represented by a rectangle with its sets drawn inside
-subsets
-intersection + union
-disjoint/mutually exclusive

G Venn Diagram Regions

>drawings, should be explained while describing previous terms

H Problem Solving with Venn Diagrams

>questions from Haese