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A sequence is a list of elements or terms, which is determined or defined by its elements and the
order in which they are listed.
Examples:
These sets are the same: {1, 5, 3, 17} and {17, 1, 3, 5}
These ordered pairs are not the same: (5, 3) and (3, 5)
Notation: We will use script P to denote power set. Thus, we will write power set(S) for the
power set of S.
Examples:
Let S = {1, 5}. Then power set(S) = {empty set, {1}, {5}, S}, a set with 4 elements.
Let S = empty set. Then power set(S) = ?
Definition:
If A and B are sets, then the cartesian product of A and B is the set of all ordered pairs (a, b),
such that a is in A and b is in B.
Notation: We will use cross product to denote the cartesian product, and we will read A cross
product B as A cross B.
Examples:
Let A = {1, 5} and B = {17, 4}. Then A cross product B = {(1, 17), (1, 4), (5, 17), (5, 4)}
Let A = {1, 5, 17, 4, -45, 3019, -2} and B = {17, 4, -13, 12}.
Then how many elements are there in the set A cross product B?
Definition:
Two sets are disjoint if they have no elements in common.
Thus, two sets A and B are disjoint if and only if A intersection B = empty set.
Definition: Sets A1, A2, ..., An are mutually disjoint (or pairwise disjoint, or nonoverlapping) if
for all i, j in 1, 2, ..., n, Ai and Aj are disjoint whenever i not equal j.
Thus, A1, A2, ..., An are mutually disjoint if and only if for all i, j element of {1, 2, ..., n} i not
equal j implies A intersection B = empty set
Definition: A set of nonempty sets {A1, A2, ..., An} is a partition of a set A if:
A = A1 union A2 union ... union An
Note: In this case we would say that A is a union of mutually disjoint subsets.
Examples:
A = {5, 17, 4, 3}, A1 = {17}, A2 = {5, 3}, A3 = {4}
B = integers
B1 = {n element of integers | there exists k element of integers | n = 2k}, the even integers
B2 = {n element of integers | there exists k element of integers | n = 2k+1}, the odd integers
S = integers
P = { n element of N | the only positive divisors of n are n and 1}. So, P = the prime numbers
C = { n element of N | there exists a positive divisor of n other than n and 1}. So, C = the positive
composite numbers
Is {P, C} a partition of N?
P = the xy plane