DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

DCC40172: STRUCTURES LABORATORY

RUBRIC FOR LABORATORY REPORT ASSESSMENT

LABORATORY 1:

Shear Force and Bending Moment at A Section of Determine Beam Subjected to Point
Loads and Distributed Loads

Name: Registration Number:

1. KIRTIGAN S/O MAHALINGAM 01DKA21F1038

2. MUHAMMAD HAZLAMI BIN ABDUL HALIM 01DKA21F1054

3. MUHAMMAD ZARIEF HAMKA BIN OTHMAN 01DKA21F1064

CLO3
Analyze laboratory result in achieving objective of Structures using engineering report standard.

STRUCTURE, HYDRAULICS, AND WATER ASSESSMENT TOOL (%):

QUALITY LABORATORY LABORATORY REPORT (30%)

PLO4 Investigations: Conduct investigations of well-

DP1: Depth of Knowledge Required
defined problems; locate and search relevant codes
DP3: Depth of Analysis Required
and catalogues, conduct standard tests and
DK6: Practical Engineering Knowledge
measurements
Taxonom Excellent Very Good Good Fair Unsatisfactory marks
y
Domain/
Level 5 4 3 2 1

CRITERIA: Report Analysis

C4 Result Presentation (Raw Data/Value/ Plan/ Graph, etc) *if any
Professional looking
and accurate Accurate
Accurate
representation of the representations of the
representation of the Incomplete result, Data are not shown or
data in tables and/or data in written form,
data in tables and/or major mistakes. are inaccurate.
graphs. Graphs and but no graphs or
graphs.
tables are labelled and tables are presented.
titled.
Calculation

More than 50% Less than 50%

Calculation and 50% calculation and Calculation and
calculation and calculation and
description complete, description complete, description are not
description complete, description complete,
clear, accurate and clear, accurate and complete, clear,
clear, accurate and clear, accurate and
detailed. detailed. accurate and detailed.
detailed. detailed.

Result Discussion

Some points of
Most points of Some points of
All point of discussion discussion on results Very few points of
discussion on results discussion on results
on the results obtained obtained covered and discussion, not
obtained covered and obtained covered and
covered and elaborated. but not properly properly elaborated.
elaborated. elaborated.
elaborated.

Excellent Very Good Good Fair Unsatisfactory marks

Taxonom
y
Domain/
Level 5 4 3 2 1

C4 Conclusion

Elaborated conclusions
Conclusions drawn
relate the data obtained Draw weak Conclusions are not
relate the data Little effort to relate
to relevant theories and conclusions to relate related to data and
obtained to the data to theory.
suggest method data to theory. theory.
relevant theories.
improvements.

C4 CRITERIA: Report Standard

Apply a standard format of report(Cover page, title, presentation and tidiness)
Beyond applicable to Follow the correct Follow the correct Limited extent of Unable to use a
the standard/ standards/ documents/ standards/ documents/ applicable standards/ correct standard/
documents/ codes. codes. codes with guidance. documents/ codes. documents/ codes.
Completion of report within the time given

Reports are delayed

Report is longer than Reports are delayed Reports send after one
more than two days
Report on time. 1 day from time by 3 - 4 days from week from the
from the specified
specified. time to time. specified time.
time.

CLO3/C4 = _______ /30%

Page 2 / 10
1.0 OBJECTIVE

a) To construct appropriate instrumentation/models/ simulation in structures.

b) To show that the bending moment at a cut section of a beam is equal to the algebraic sum
of the moment acting to the left or right of the section and the shear force at a cut section of
a beam is equal to the algebraic sum of the forces acting to the left or right of the section.

2.0 THEORY

When the load is to the left of x-x:

Shear force at section x-x is:

S . F X −X =W 1−R A
Or,
S . F X −X =R B

When the load is to the right of x-x.

S . F X −X =R A

Bending moment at section x-x is:

B . M X −X =R A LX −W 1 ( L X −L1 )
Or,
B . M X −X =R B L2

When the load is to the right of x-x,

Page 3 / 10
3.0 B . M X −X =R A LX APPARATUS

i. Special beam specimen with a cut section

ii. A set of weights with several load hangers

iii. Digital force display

4.0 PROCEDURE

Page 4 / 10
(a) Switch on the indicator. For stability of the reading the indicator must be switch on 10
minutes before taking readings.
(b) Fixed the two simple supports to the aluminum base at a distance equal to the span of the
beam to be tested. Screw the supports tightly to the base.
(c) Hang the load hanger to the beam
(d) Placed the beam on the supports
(e) Placed the load hanger at the desired location.
(f) Note the indicators readings. If they are not zero, press the ‘tare’ button on the indicator.
(g) Place a load on the load hanger
(h) Record the indicator readings. They represent the vertical and horizontal force at the cut
section.
(i) Add load to the load hanger and record the indicators readings.
(j) Repeat step i. – ix to another 4 sets of readings.
(k) Move the location closer to the cut section. Repeat step i to step k.

Page 5 / 10
5.0 RESULTS

CASE 1: Subjected to Point Loads (PL)

Beam span = mm
Distance of load cell from the top of the beam at the cut section = 270 mm
Distance of the cut section from the right support, L2 = mm
Distance of the load from the left support, L1 = mm
TABLE 1: BENDING MOMENT
Horizontal Load Cell Experimental Theoretical
Reading, Bending Moment Bending Moment
Load (N) FH F H ×270 R B × ( L2 )
(N) (Nmm) (Nmm)

TABLE 2: SHEAR FORCE

Vertical Load Cell Experimental Theoretical
Load (N) Reading, F V Shear Force, F V Shear Force, R B
(N) (N) (N)

Page 6 / 10
 CASE 2: Subjected to Uniformly distributed Loads (UDL)

Beam span = mm
Distance of load cell from the top of the beam at the cut section = 270 mm
Distance of the cut section from the right support, L2 = mm
Distance of the load from the left support, L1 = mm
TABLE 3: BENDING MOMENT

Experimental Theoretical
Horizontal Load Cell
Bending Moment Bending Moment
Load (N) Reading, F H F H ×270 R B × ( L2 )
(N)
(Nmm) (Nmm)

TABLE 4: SHEAR FORCE

Vertical Load Cell Shear Force

Load (N) Reading, F V Experimental, F V Theoretical, R B
(N) (N) (N)

Page 7 / 10
6.0 ANALYZE DATA

i) Using the data in Table 1 and Table 3, plot the graph of bending moment versus
load.
Determine the slope of the graph. The slope represents the shear force at the cut
section when the load is 1N.

ii) Using the data in Table 2 and Table 4, plot the graph of shear forces versus load.
Determine the slope of the graph. The slope represents the shear force at the cut
section when the load is 1N.

iii) Using slope deflection Method, calculate the theoretical slope for both cases i.e. when the
load w = 1,

a) Bending Moment, M = 1 x L2 x (L1/L)

b) Shear Force V = 1 x (L1/L)

iv) From the slope, calculate the average percentage error for the experiment

Percentage error = ([ Slopetheory – Slope Experiment] x [100/SlopeTheory]) %

*Note: The acceptable of percentage value is less than 10% differences.

Page 8 / 10
7.0 DISCUSSION

a. What happens when a load is applied to the beam and why does this condition occur?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

b. How does the location of the load affect the magnitude of the shear forces and bending
moment at the cut section?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

c. If the horizontal load cell is located at 200mm from the top of the beam, how this situation
does affect the magnitude of the load cell reading.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Page 9 / 10
 d. Comment on the errors and accuracy of the experiment.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

e. State the probable factors that affect the accuracy of the experiment.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

8.0 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Page 10 / 10