FIRST RULE

OF 2024:
DO NOT DWELL ON
WHAT WENT WRONG
IN 2023.
 REPRESENTING
COMPOUNDS BY
USING TYPES OF
CHEMICAL FORMULA
 LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
Identify the types of chemical formula

Differentiate between molecular formula,

empirical formula, and structural formula of
a compound
 LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

Calculate empirical formula of a

compound given percent
composition
CHEMICAL FORMULA
is used to represent the
elements in a compound.
TYPES OF CHEMICAL FORMULA
-Molecular Formula
-Empirical Formula
-Structural Formula
 MOLECULAR FORMULA
It gives you the actual
number of atoms of each
element in a compound with
the help of the subscript
MOLECULAR FORMULA
For example, the
molecular formula of
hydrogen peroxide is
H₂O₂.
 EMPIRICAL FORMULA

Represents the simplest

whole-number ratio of
elements in a compound
 EMPIRICAL FORMULA

For example, the

empirical formula of
hydrogen peroxide is HO.
EMPIRICAL FORMULA
Example: The molecular
formula of Glucose is
C6H12O6. What is its
empirical formula?
 EMPIRICAL FORMULA
First, find the common
factor of the subscripts
to get your answer.
 For example, the
molecular formula of
hydrogen peroxide is
H₂O₂.
 ANSWER THE FF. QUESTIONS
1. How many Hydrogen atoms are present in
Methane?

2. What is the difference between Methane and

Butane's composition of elements ?

3. What elements are present in Sucrose?

 ANSWER THE FF. QUESTIONS
4. How many atoms of Carbon and Hydrogen are
present in Octane?

5. What is the difference between Heptane and

Octane's composition of elements ?
 EMPIRICAL FORMULA
Calculate Empirical
Formula of a compound
from Percent Composition
 STEP 1:
Convert the given percentages of
each element to grams. Assume a
total mass of 100 grams of the
compound, which makes the
percentages directly equivalent
to grams.
 STEP 2:
Using the molar mass of each
element, calculate the moles of
each element in the compound.
The molar mass is the mass of
one mole of a substance and is
expressed in grams/mol.
 STEP 3:
Divide the moles of each
element by the smallest number
of moles calculated. This step
ensures that you get the
simplest whole-number ratio.
 STEP 4:
Use the ratios obtained in the
previous step to write the
empirical formula. Ensure
that subscripts are whole
numbers.
 NOTE:
If any of your mole ratio are not
yet in whole number, multiply all
the subscript by the smallest
possible factor that would result
to a whole number mass ratio for
all elements
CONVERT PERCENTAGES TO GRAMS:
DETERMINE MOLES OF EACH ELEMENT:
FIND THE SIMPLEST WHOLE-NUMBER RATIO:
WRITE THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA:

The empirical formula of the

compound is
SOLVE FOR THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA:

1. Jose has a compound

consist of 43.64% P and
56.36% O. What is the
empirical formula of this
compound?
SOLVE FOR THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA:

2. A substance is found to
be 13.9% nitrogen and 86.1%
oxygen. Solve for the
empirical formula.
SOLVE FOR THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA:

3. A compound consists
of 15.4% aluminum and
84.6% chlorine.
SOLVE FOR THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA:

4. Gelly has a compound

that contains 63.2%
carbon, 26.3% oxygen,
and 10.5% hydrogen.
SOLVE FOR THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA:

5. A compound consists
of 36.5% sodium, 25.5%
sulfur, and 38.0%
oxygen.
SOLVE FOR THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA:

6. A compound has 28.57%

Na and 71.43% Cl. Find the
empirical formula of the
compound.
SOLVE FOR THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA:

7. A substance is
composed of 60.0%
potassium, 10.0% carbon,
and 30.0% oxygen
SOLVE FOR THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA:

8. A compound consists
of 50.0% magnesium
and 50.0% chlorine.
 STRUCTURAL FORMULA

It displays the
arrangement of how
atoms are bonded.
 STRUCTURAL FORMULA

this shows how the atoms are

arranged and bonded to one
another through covalent bond
which is shown using lines.
 STRUCTURAL FORMULA

The dashes represent

bonds as single, double,
and triple
 STRUCTURAL FORMULA

Carbon typically forms four bonds.

Oxygen typically forms two bonds.
Nitrogen typically forms three
bonds.
Hydrogen typically forms one
bond.
 STRUCTURAL FORMULA

EXAMPLE:

ETHANOL
molecular formula- C2H5OH
STRUCTURAL FORMULA

EXAMPLE: ETHANOL
CONDENSED STRUCTURAL FORMULA

EXAMPLE:
ETHANOL

CH3CH2OH
CONDENSED STRUCTURAL FORMULA

EXAMPLE: ETHANOL- CH3CH2OH

Condensed Structural formula-

a way of writing organic
structure through line text