™

Cambridge IGCSE (9-1)

FIRST LANGUAGE ENGLISH 0990/11

Paper 1 Reading May/June 2023
INSERT 2 hours

INFORMATION
• This insert contains the reading texts.
*5941617710-I*

• You may annotate this insert and use the blank spaces for planning. Do not write your answers on the
insert.

This document has 8 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

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Read Text A, and then answer Questions 1(a)–(e) on the question paper.

Text A: What is a motivational speaker?

This text is one person’s explanation of what being a motivational speaker involves.

A motivational speaker, also known as an inspirational speaker, is someone who delivers

speeches with the intention of motivating or inspiring the people in the audience. Typically,
a motivational speaker has a reputation as an expert on the subject being discussed and
will encourage the audience to look at things from a different perspective and to make the
most of their own talents and abilities. 5

The ultimate goal of a motivational speaker is to affect people profoundly on an emotional

or mental level to help them make some kind of significant personal change in their lives.
People naturally tend to focus on all their problems, and the motivational speaker will help
an audience to focus on the many opportunities instead, by using any number of persuasive
speech tactics. 10

Some motivational speakers may be hired to speak as special guests or to present online
to an invited audience with particular interests. Others perform a planned programme of live
or virtual talks for the wider public, selling tickets for each event.

Highly successful speakers are in demand and present at important conferences, often
travelling to events all over the world, resulting in irregular working hours. Popular and famous 15
motivational speakers become celebrities: writing books, recording videos or podcasts and
appearing on television.

There is a huge demand for motivational speakers. I’ve resisted the attempts to cash into
this ‘lucrative’ industry, though I’m often asked whether I know of any ‘good’ motivational
speaker I could recommend. Many motivational stories that are clustered out there follow 20
the same predictable storylines – the rags-to-riches story along the lines of: ‘I was poor; I
came from nothing, and here I am, outrageously successful.’

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Read Text B, and then answer Question 1(f) on the question paper.

Text B: Why I am quitting motivational speaking

The writer of this text has been a wheelchair user since birth and is a well-known motivational speaker.
In this extract from her blog, she explains why she has decided to quit motivational speaking.

Many of you know me as a motivational speaker. I have always enjoyed that work and hearing
my introduction being read on stage. It certainly makes one feel accomplished, but I
questioned myself, ‘Is that really me?’

I never imagined I would come this far. My passion for humanity brought me here, but the
best contribution ever is honesty and sincerity. After many ups and downs, I’m raising my 5
voice one last time to protect my legacy: inspiring the next generation to be individuals with
substance and minds of their own.

After careful thought, I am quitting motivational speaking.

Motivational speaking was never a choice I made. My peers were matched with being
engineers or doctors. As a disabled individual, I was matched with being a motivational 10
speaker. It’s like just because I have a disability, I automatically qualify to be inspirational. I
never got up on stage on my own. I was put up (literally and metaphorically) even before I
could figure out the path I was on. It also overshadowed other conscious choices I made.

People ask about my story, but I don’t really have one. Many motivational speakers have
tragic stories. They have been through adversities, have lost what held value for them. I 15
didn’t lose anything: what seems lost, I never really had. My story is not tragic at all. It was
my lifestyle since day one. I’m expected to make it sound like a tragedy, but the problems I
face are very much what any individual might experience.

When I’m on stage, audiences rarely see beyond the disability. I have organised many
events, challenged policies, have two degrees and enjoy bringing ideas to the table. It all 20
gets wasted when people know me as a motivational speaker: the apparent glamour outshines
everything I have done and want to do. During interviews I’m always questioned about the
‘struggle of life’ rather than my thoughts on how to correct the education system: no one
really knows about my main work for the past 10 years. I’ve struggled more as an entrepreneur
than as a wheelchair user, but seldom will I be asked about it. 25

I don’t mean we don’t have good speakers, or all of my experiences were bad. We have
great speakers and much of my success is thanks to supporters who invited me to speak,
but if motivational speaking is your only source of income, beware: you will need another
one. The stage is the biggest gamble ever. One day you are being praised and everyone
wants to hear you. Then comes a day when everyone has heard your story. The intensity 30
is gone. Then comes another day when another person walks up on stage with a sadder
story than yours. Then what?

I’m not an entertainer. I’m an author and the Chief Executive Officer of my company.
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Read Text C, and then answer Questions 2(a)–(d) and Question 3 on the question paper.

Text C: Running for my life

Anna has recently arrived in New Zealand. It is 8:25 and she is being interviewed by a local radio station.

‘And special guest, Anna McNuff, joins us in the studio right now. Anna, you’re running the
entire length of New Zealand, starting today?’

‘Yes! In forty-five minutes, I’ll be on the start line at the trailhead signpost, at Stirling Point.’

I was sitting, star-struck, in the Southland FM’s Invercargill studio, marvelling at radio host
Rach’s seemingly exotic accent. I already loved the way that people here pronounced my 5
name as: ‘Inna!’ I grinned widely from behind a microphone bigger than my head.

Rach continued: ‘So, are you brave or stupid?’

‘Perhaps both,’ I laughed enigmatically. ‘And excited.’

We talked about my reasons for the run: my amazing childhood with access to sport and
the outdoors, the benefits of exercise, and raising awareness for organisations that support 10
individuals recovering from accident or illness to take on a physical challenge. I explained
that I’d be visiting schools along the way.

We discussed the attractions of the 3000-kilometre-long Te Araroa Trail – an exquisite, wild

showcase of natural diversity framed by forests. I could feel my spirits lift and soar. Nagging
self-doubt and gnawing concern over the pain in my right foot eased with every word I uttered 15
into that gigantic microphone. Rach seemed impressed that all my gear fitted into my
backpack. I didn’t think to mention that I’d only run with it once in training before leaving the
UK. I’d struggled, concluding that running with a backpack was hard, and could wait until I
had to do it for real.

‘You’re doing it totally unsupported! Aren’t you nervous about how you’ll cope alone?’ Rach 20
asked.

‘It just comes down to a choice about how you live your life,’ I shrugged. ‘I’m a
‘‘work-it-out-when-I-get-there’’ kind of person.’

This was perhaps the reason why I’d failed to read even 10 per cent of the trail notes before
setting out. And possibly why a perceptive work colleague had introduced me to Kevin who 25
would meet me at the airport.

Local expert Kevin had quizzed me about sections of the trail. Mostly my responses were:
‘Umm, I’m not too sure on that particular bit.’

No, I’d no idea what speed I would do carrying the backpack. I’d wildly over-estimated and
certainly hadn’t accounted for the massive mountains sprawled across the landscape like 30
giant sleeping tarantulas with their hairy tussock-covered legs forming sharp ridges and deep
basins, punctuated by icy streams and seas of chest-high grass. Trails were easy to follow
at first using those orange trail-markers designed for tourists but would peter away leaving
a confusing connection of gaps in the complex maze of slippery roots and leaves covering
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the forest floor, any of which could have been trails themselves. 35
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Yes, I did consider purchasing a GPS at one point, but decided that wasn’t entirely in keeping
with the ‘adventurous spirit’. No, I was a paper maps and compass kind of girl. The explorers
of old did things that way, and I wanted the same thrill of ‘discovery’. Kevin had looked
concerned, though seemed comforted by the fact I had an SPT-tracker, which would let
friends and family know I was okay. 40

We’d chatted more about the differences between trails in New Zealand and those in Europe.
My new friend Kevin explained how so many people doing the trail were entirely unprepared,
narrowly avoiding disaster through sheer luck. ‘They start the trail expecting it to be a
well-graded highway. Of course, most are coming south, so by the time they get down here
they get it. But it’s the ones starting off with no idea from this end that I worry about.’ He 45
looked at me. I nodded and looked away quickly.

I hoped, but didn’t know for sure then, he’d be impressed when next we met. Having watched
my parents be showered with respect over their years of Olympic achievements, I would
soon have some of my own.

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
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Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
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at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

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Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
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Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

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Cambridge IGCSE (9-1)

FIRST LANGUAGE ENGLISH 0990/11

*5941617710*

Paper 1 Reading May/June 2023

2 hours

You must answer on the question paper.

You will need: Insert (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
• Answer all questions.
• Use a black or dark blue pen.
• Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
• Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
• Do not write on any bar codes.
• If additional space is needed, you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet; the question
number or numbers must be clearly shown.
• Dictionaries are not allowed.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
• The insert contains the reading texts.
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This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

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Read Text A, What is a motivational speaker?, in the insert and then answer Questions 1(a)–(e) on
this question paper.

Question 1
(a) What is an alternative name for a motivational speaker, according to the text?

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(b) Using your own words, explain what the text means by:

(i) ‘reputation as an expert’ (line 3): ...........................................................................

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(ii) ‘different perspective’ (line 4): ...............................................................................

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(c) Re-read paragraph 2 (‘The ultimate  tactics.’).

Identify two ways that a motivational speaker might have an emotional or mental effect on a
person’s life.

• .........................................................................................................................................

• ......................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) Re-read paragraphs 3 and 4 (‘Some motivational  television.’).

(i) Identify two different types of online or live audience that motivational speakers might
talk to, according to the text.

• ..............................................................................................................................

• .............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Explain why the job of a motivational speaker might appeal to some people.

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(e) Re-read paragraph 5 (‘There is  successful.’’’).

Using your own words, explain why this expert does not consider that the speakers they
have met are motivational.

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Read Text B, Why I am quitting motivational speaking, in the insert and then answer Question 1(f)
on this question paper.

Question 1

(f) According to Text B, what were the writer’s reasons for giving up motivational speaking?

You must use continuous writing (not note form) and use your own words as far as possible.

Your summary should not be more than 120 words.

Up to 10 marks are available for the content of your answer and up to 5 marks for the
quality of your writing.

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Read Text C, Running for my life, in the insert and then answer Questions 2(a)–(d) on this question
paper.

Question 2
(a) Identify a word or phrase from the text which suggests the same idea as the words
underlined.

(i) Anna’s journey through New Zealand took her from one end of the country to the other.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Anna was going to run the whole way with absolutely no help or assistance.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Anna did think about buying a GPS to help her find her way.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iv) Kevin felt that lots of the people attempting it were not at all ready to deal with the
challenges of the trail.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) Using your own words, explain what the writer means by each of the words underlined:

‘It just comes down to a choice about how you live your life,’ I shrugged. ‘I’m a ‘‘work-it-out-
when-I-get-there’’ kind of person.’

This was perhaps the reason why I’d failed to read even 10 per cent of the trail notes before
setting out. And possibly why a perceptive work colleague had introduced me to Kevin who
would meet me at the airport.

Local expert Kevin had quizzed me about sections of the trail. Mostly my responses were:
‘Umm, I’m not too sure on that particular bit.’

(i) perceptive .............................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) quizzed .................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) trail ......................................................................................................................... [1]

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(c) Use one example from the text below to explain how the writer suggests her attitude during
the interview.

Use your own words in your explanation.

I was sitting, star-struck, in the Southland FM’s Invercargill studio, marvelling at radio host
Rach’s seemingly exotic accent. I already loved the way that people here pronounced my
name as ‘Inna!’ I grinned widely from behind a microphone bigger than my head.

Rach continued: ‘So, are you brave or stupid?’

‘Perhaps both,’ I laughed enigmatically. ‘And excited.’

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(d) Re-read paragraphs 7 and 12.

• Paragraph 7 begins ‘We discussed the attractions ...’ and is about Anna’s feelings ahead
of the run.
• Paragraph 12 begins ‘No, I’d no idea ...’ and is about the natural landscape Anna
encountered on the trail.

Explain how the writer uses language to convey meaning and to create effect in these
paragraphs. Choose three examples of words or phrases from each paragraph to support
your answer. Your choices should include the use of imagery.

Write about 200 to 300 words.

Up to 15 marks are available for the content of your answer.

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Re-read Text C, Running for my life, in the insert and then answer Question 3 on this question paper.

Question 3

You are Anna. After completing your run successfully you return to the UK and are asked to give a
motivational speech to young people.

In your speech you should:

• explain the details of the challenge you undertook and the reasons you wanted to do it
• evaluate your preparation for the challenge and what you wished you had done or realised
beforehand
• discuss the highlights of the whole experience, what you gained and why you would recommend
your audience to take on challenges.

Write the words of the speech.

Base your speech on what you have read in Text C, but be careful to use your own words. Address
each of the three bullet points.

Write about 250 to 350 words.

Up to 15 marks are available for the content of your answer and up to 10 marks for the quality
of your writing.

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Additional Page

If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s)
must be clearly shown.

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Additional Page

If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s)
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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
m

Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
co

at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

e.
at

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
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Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

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