NCERT LINE BY LINE MATHEMATICS- 9844532971

CHAPTER

1 SETS
Exercise 1: NCERT Based Topic-wise MCQs
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1. Which of the following is/are not true? NCERT& Page-1/N-1
(a) Sets are used in arithmetic progression
(b) The study of geometry, probability, etc, requires the knowledge of sets
(c) Sets are not used in relations and functions
(d) None of these

1.2 SETS AND THEIR REPRESENTATION

2. The set 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑥 2 = 16 and 2𝑥 = 6} equals NCERT( Page-3/N-2
(a) 𝜙 (b) {14,3,4}
(c) {3} (d) {4}

3. 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 ≠ 𝑥} represents NCERTS Page-5/N-2

(a) {𝑥} (b) {1}
(c) {} (d) {0}

4. The set builder form of given set 𝐴 = {3,6,9,12} and B = {1,4,9, … . ,100} is NCERTY Page-3/N-3
(a) A = {x: x = 3n, n ∈ N and 1 ≤ n ≤ 5}, 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 = 𝑛2 , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 and 1 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 10}
(b) A = {x: x = 3n, n ∈ N and 1 ≤ n ≤ 4}, 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 = 𝑛2 , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 and 1 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 10}
(c) A = {x: x = 3n, n ∈ N and 1 ≤ n ≤ 4}, 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 = 𝑛2 , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 and 1 < 𝑛 < 10}
(d) None of these
1 2 3 4 5 6
5. The set {2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7} in the set-builder form is NCERTI Page-3/N-3
n 𝑛
(a) {x: x = n+1, where n ∈ N and 1 < n < 6} (b) {𝑥: 𝑥 = 𝑛+1, where 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 and 1 ≤ 𝑛 < 6}
n
(c) {x: x = n+1, where n ∈ N and 1 ≤ n ≤ 6} (d) None of the above

6. If X = {1,2,3, … ,10} and ' 𝑎 ' represents any element of 𝑋, then the set containing all the elements satisfy 𝑎 +
2 = 6, 𝑎 ∈ 𝑋 is NCERT( Page-3/N-2
 (a) {4} (b) {3}
(c) {2} (d) {5}

7. The set {x: x is an even prime number } can be written as NCERT Page-3/N-2
(a) {2} (b) {2,4}
(c) {2,14} (d) {2,4,14}

8. Which of the following collections are sets? NCERT Page-3/N-2

(a) The collection of all the days of a week (b) A collection of 11 best hockey player of India.
(c) The collection of all rich person of Delhi (d) A collection of most dangerous animals of India.
9. Let 𝑋 = {1,2,3,4,5}. Then, the number of elements in 𝑋 are NCERT Page-3/N-2
(a) 3 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) 5

10. The set {𝑥: 𝑥 is a positive integer less than 6 and 3𝑥 − 1 is an even number } in roster form is
(a) {1,2,3,4,5} (b) {1,2,3,4,5,6} NCERT Page-3/N-2
(c) {2,4,6} (d) {1,3,5}

11. If 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is a student presently studying in both classes X and XI}. Then, the number of elements in set B
are NCERT Page-6/N-2
(a) finite (b) infinite
(c) zero (d) None of these

12. The number of elements in the set {(𝑎, 𝑏): 2𝑎2 + 3𝑏 2 = 35, 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍}, where 𝑍 is the set of all integers, is
(a) 2 (b) 4 NCERT Page-6/N-2
(c) 8 (d) 12

13. The set-builder form of {1,4,9, … .100} is NCERT Page-3/N-3

2
(a) {𝑥 ∈ 𝑁 and 𝑥 ≤ 100} (b) {𝑥 = 𝑛 , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 and 1 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 10}
(c) {𝑥: 𝑥 = 𝑛2 , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 and 1 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 10} (d) {𝑥: 𝑥 = 2𝑛 , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 and 1 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 10}
14. The roster form of {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍 and 𝑥 2 = 4} is NCERT Page-3/N-2
(a) {2} (b) 2
(c) −2,2 (d) {−2,2}

1.3 THE EMPTY SET

15. Which of the following is a null set ? NCERT Page-6/N-6
(a) {0} (c) {x: x 2 = 4 or x = 3}
(b) {𝑥: 𝑥 > 0 or 𝑥 < 0} (d) {𝑥: 𝑥 2 + 1 = 0, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅}

16. Which of the following is not a null set? NCERT Page-6/N-6

(a) Set of odd natural numbers divisible by 2 (b) Set of even prime numbers
(c) {x: x is a natural number, x < 5 and x > 7} (d) {𝑦: 𝑦 is a point common to any two parallel lines }
17. Which one is different from the others? NCERT Page-6/N-6
(i) empty set (ii) void set (iii) zero set (iv) null set :
(a) (i) (b) (ii)
(c) (iii) (d) (iv)

18. If a set is denoted as 𝐵 = 𝜙, then the number of element in 𝐵 is NCERT Page-6/N-6

(a) 3 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) 0

19. The set of intelligent students in a class is : NCERT Page-6/N-6

(a) a null set (b) a singleton set
(c) a finite set (d) not a well defined collection

1.4 FINITE AND INFINITE SETS

20. Which of the following sets is a finite set? NCERT Page-6/N-6
(a) 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍 and 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0} 2
(b) 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍 and 𝑥 is even }
(c) D = {x: x ∈ Z and x > −10} (d) All of these
21. Which one of the following is an infinite set ? NCERT Page-6/N-6
(a) The set of human beings on the earth (b) The set of water drops in a glass of water
(c) The set of trees in a forest (d) The set of all primes
22. Which of the following is a singleton set? NCERT Page-6/N-6
(a) {𝑥: |𝑥| = 5, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁} (b) {𝑥: |𝑥| = 6, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍}
(c) {𝑥: 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 0, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁} (d) {𝑥: 𝑥 2 = 7, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁}

1.5 EQUAL SETS

23. Consider the following sets. [NCERT Page-7/N-7
𝐴 = {0}, 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 > 15 and 𝑥 < 5},
𝐶 = {𝑥: 𝑥 − 5 = 0}, D = {x: x 2 = 25},
𝐸 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is an integral positive root of the equation 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 15 = 0}
Choose the pair of equal sets
(a) A and B (b) C and D
(c) C and E (d) B and C

24. Which of the following statement is FALSE NCERT Page-7/N-7

(a) If 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 2 = 4, 𝑥 ∈ N}, 𝐵 = {−2} then A ≠ B
(b) If 𝐴 = {𝑥: |𝑥| < 2, 𝑥 ∈ I}, 𝐵 = {−1,1}, then A = B
(c) If {1,2,3,4,5}, 𝐵 = {2,1,3,3,4,4,5} then A = B
(d) If 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 7 = 0, 𝑥 ∈ 𝐑} and B = 𝜙, then A = B
 1.6 SUB SETS
25. Two finite sets have 𝑚 and 𝑛 elements. The total number of subsets of the first set is 56 more than the total
number of subsets of the second set. The values of 𝑚 and 𝑛 are: NCERT ( Page-9/N-9
(a) 7,6 (b) 6,3
(c) 5,1 (d) 8,7

26. Let A = {(1,2), (3,4),5}, then which of the following is incorrect? [NCERT/ Page-9/N-9
(a) {3,4} ∉ A as (3,4) is an element of A (b) {5}, {(3,4)} are subsets of 𝐴 but not elements of 𝐴
(c) {1,2}, {5} are subsets of 𝐴 (d) {(1,2), (3,4),5} are subset of 𝐴
27. Consider: X = Set of all students in your school.
Y = Set of all students in your class.
Then, which of the following is true? NCERT Page-9/N-9
(a) Every element of Y is also an element of X (b) Every element of 𝑋 is also an element of 𝑌
(c) Every element of 𝑌 is not an element of 𝑋 (d) Every element of X is not an element of Y
28. The number of the proper subset of {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐} is: NCERT Page-9/N-9
(a) 3 (b) 8
(c) 6 (d) 7
29. Let A = {1,3,5} and B = {x: x is an odd natural number less than 6}. Then, which of the following are true?
I. A ⊂ B II. B ⊂ A III. 𝐴 = 𝐵 IV. 𝐴 ∉ 𝐵
(a) I and II are true (b) I and III are true
(c) I, II and III are true (d) I, II and IV are true

30. If 𝑋 = {1,2,3}, then the number of proper subsets is

(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) 7 (d) 8

31. Let 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 be three sets. If 𝐴 ∈ 𝐵 and 𝐵 ⊂ 𝐶, then NCERT ( Page-9/N-9

(a) A ⊂ C (b) A ∉ C
(c) A ⊃ C (d) A ∉ C

32. The interval [𝑎, 𝑏) is represented on the number line as NCERT ( Page-11/N-11

33. The set of real numbers {𝑥: 𝑎 < 𝑥 < 𝑏} is called NCERT Page-11/N-11
(a) open interval (c) semi-open interval
(b) closed interval (d) semi-closed interval
34. If 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐵 and 𝐴 ≠ 𝐵, then NCERT ⟨ Page-9/N-9
(a) A is called a proper subset of B (b) A is called a super set of B
(c) 𝐴 is not a subset of 𝐵 (d) 𝐵 is a subset of 𝐴
35. Which of the following has only one subset? NCERT ⟨ Page-9/N-9
(a) {} (b) {4}
(c) {4,5} (d) {0}

36. If 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 = 𝑛2 , 𝑛 = 1,2,3}, then number of proper subsets is [NCERT\ Page-9/N-9

(a) 3 (b) 8
(c) 7 (d) 4

37. The number of non-empty subsets of the set {1,2,3,4} is 3 × a. The value of ' 𝑎 ' is [NCERT ( Page-9/N-9
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 5 (d) 6

38. The interval represented by NCERT Page-11/N-11

(a) (𝑎, 𝑏) (b) [𝑎, 𝑏]
(c) [𝑎, 𝑏) (d) (𝑎, 𝑏]

39. Which of the following is true? [NCERT ( Page-9/N-9

(a) 𝑎 ∈ {{𝑎}, 𝑏} (b) {b, c} ⊂ {a, {b, c}}
(c) {a, b} ⊂ {a, {b, c}} (d) None. of these

1.7 POWER SETS

40. If A = {x, y} then the power set of A is : NCERT《 Page-12
(a) {𝑥 𝑥 , 𝑦 𝑦 } (b) {𝜙, x, y}
(c) {𝜙, {𝑥}, {2𝑦}} (d) {𝜙, {𝑥}, {𝑦}, {𝑥, 𝑦}}

41. If 𝐴 = {𝑎, {𝑏}}, then 𝑃(𝐴) equals. NCERT ( Page-12

(a) {𝜙, {a}, {{b}}, {a, {b}}} (b) {𝜙, {𝑎}}
(c) {{a}, {b}, 𝜙} (d) None of these

42. The cardinality of the set 𝑃{𝑃[𝑃(𝜙)]} is NCERT Page-12

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2

43. If 𝐴 = 𝜙, then the number of elements in 𝑃(𝐴) is NCERT( Page-12

(a) 3 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) 0

44. If the set 𝐴 contains 4 elements then the number of elements in the P(A) is [NCERT《 Page-12
(a) 32 (b) 16
(c) 15 (d) 14
45. If set 𝐴 = {2,4,6} then number of elements in 𝑃(𝑃(𝐴)) is NCERT ( Page-12
(a) 256 (b) 250
(c) 18 (d) 254

46. If 𝐴 is the void set 𝜙 then 𝑃(𝜙) = {𝜙}, so number of elements of P(P(P(𝜙))) is NCERT ( Page-12
(a) 4 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) 16

1.8 UNIVERSAL SETS

47. Given the sets 𝐴 = {1,3,5}, 𝐵 = {2,4,6} and 𝐶 = {0,2,4,6,8}. Which of the following may be considered as
universal set for all the three sets 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 ? NCERT < Page-12/N-12
(a) {0,1,2,3,4,5,6} (b) 𝜙
(c) {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} (d) {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}

48. Which of the following is a universal set? NCERT < Page-12/N-12

(a) set of real numbers R (c) set of triangles
(b) set of integers 𝑍 (d) All of these

1.9 VENN DIAGRAMS

49. Let 𝑈 be the set of all boys and girls in school. 𝐺 be the set of all girls in the school. B be the set of all boys in
the school and S be the set of all students in the school who take swimming. Some but not all students in the
school take swimming. NCERT Page-21

50. If 𝑈 = {1,2,3,4, … . . ,10} is the universal set of 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐴 = {2,4,6,8,10}, 𝐵 = {4,6} are subsets of 𝑈, then
given sets can be represented by Venn diagram as NCERT Page-14/N-13
 1.10 OPERATION ON SETS
51. Let A = {𝑥 ∈ R: |𝑥 + 1| < 2} and B = {𝑥 ∈ R: |𝑥 − 1| ≥ 2}. Then which one of the following statements is
NOT true? NCERT Page-15/N-16
(a) A − B = (−1,1) (b) B − A = R − (−3,1)
(c) A ∩ B = (−3, −1] (d) A ∩ B = R − [1,3)

52. If 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4}, 𝐵 = {2,3,5,6} and 𝐶 = {3,4,6,7}, then NCERT〈 Page-16/N-16

(a) 𝐴 − (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = {1,3,4} (b) A − (B ∩ C) = {1,2,4}
(c) 𝐴 − (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = {2,3} (d) A − (B ∪ C) = {𝜙}

53. What does the shaded portion of the Venn diagram given below represent? [NCERT( Page-16/N-16

(a) (P ∩ Q) ∩ (P ∩ R) (b) ((𝑃 ∩ 𝑄) − 𝑅) ∪ ((𝑃 ∩ 𝑅) − 𝑄)

(c) ((𝑃 ∪ 𝑄) − 𝑅) ∩ ((𝑃 ∩ 𝑅) − 𝑄) (d) ⋅ ((𝑃 ∩ 𝑄) ∪ 𝑅) ∩ ((𝑃 ∪ 𝑄) − 𝑅)

54. Consider the following relations: NCERT Page-17/N-1

I. A − B = A − (A ∩ B) II. A = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A − B) III. A − (B ∪ C) = (A − B) ∪ (A − C)
Which of these is/are correct?
(a) Both I and III (b) Only II
(c) Both II and III (d) Both I and II

55. If the sets 𝐴 and 𝐵 are as follows: 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4}, 𝐵 = {3,4,5,6}, then NCERT Page-21/N-16
(a) 𝐴 − 𝐵 = {1,2} (b) 𝐵 − 𝐴 = {5}
(c) [(𝐴 − 𝐵) − (𝐵 − 𝐴)] ∩ 𝐴 = {1,2} (d) [(𝐴 − 𝐵) − (𝐵 − 𝐴)] ∪ 𝐴 = {3,4}
56. Let A = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ R, |𝑥| < 1}; B = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ R, |𝑥 − 1| ≥ 1} and 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 𝑅 − 𝐷, then the set 𝐷 is
(a) {𝑥: 1 < 𝑥 ≤ 2} (b) {𝑥: 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2} NCERT Page-16/N-16
(c) {𝑥: 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2} (d) None of these

57. Which of the following properties are associative law ? NCERT Page-16/N-15
(a) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 𝐵 ∪ 𝐴 (b) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐶 = 𝐶 ∪ 𝐴
(c) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐷 = 𝐷 ∪ 𝐴 (d) (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∪ 𝐶 = 𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)

58. Let A = {x: x is a multiple of 3} and 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is a multiple of 5}. Then 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 is given by:
(a) {15,30,45, … } (c) {15,10,15,20 … } NCERT ( Page-15/N-15
(b) {3,6,9, … } (d) {5,10,20, … }

59. Let 𝑉 = {𝑎, 𝑒, 𝑖, 𝑜, 𝑢} and 𝐵 = {𝑎, 𝑖, 𝑘, 𝑢}. Value of 𝑉 − 𝐵 and 𝐵 − 𝑉 are respectively NCERT Page-17/N-17
(a) {𝑒, 𝑜} and {𝑘} (c) {0} and {𝑘}
(b) {𝑒} and {𝑘} (d) {𝑒, 𝑜} and {𝑘, 𝑖}
60. Let 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏}, 𝐵 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐}. What is 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ? NCERT Page-15/N-14
(a) {𝑎, 𝑏} (b) {𝑎, 𝑐}
(c) {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐} (d) {𝑏, 𝑐}
61. What does the shaded region represent in the figure given below? NCERT Page-16/N-16

(a) (𝑃 ∪ 𝑄) − (𝑃 ∩ 𝑄) (b) 𝑃 ∩ (𝑄 ∩ 𝑅)
(c) (𝑃 ∩ 𝑄) ∩ (𝑃 ∩ 𝑅) (d) (𝑃 ∩ 𝑄) ∪ (𝑃 ∩ 𝑅)

62. The shaded region in the given figure is [NCERT Page-16/N-16

(a) 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) (b) 𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) (c) A ∩ (B − C) (d) 𝐴 − (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)

63. The shaded region in the given figure is NCERT Page-16/N-16

(a) 𝐵 ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐶) (b) 𝐵 ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) (c) B ∩ (A − C) (d) B − (A ∪ C)

64. Let S = the set of all triangles, P = the set of all isosceles triangles, 𝑄 = the set of all equilateral triangles,
𝑅 = the set of all right-angled triangles. What do the sets 𝑃 ∩ 𝑄 and R − P represents respectively? [NCERT.
Page-17/N-17
(a) The set of isosceles triangles; the set of non-isosceles right angled triangles
(b) The set of isosceles triangles; the set of right angled triangles
(c) The set of equilateral triangles; the set of right angled triangles
(d) The set of isosceles triangles; the set of equilateral triangles

65. Let A = {3,6,9,12,15,18,21}, 𝐵 = {4,8,12,16,20}, 𝐶 = {2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16} and 𝐷 = {5,10,15,20}. Which

of the following is incorrect?
I. 𝐴 − 𝐵 = {4,8,16,20} II. (C − B) ∩ (D − B) = 𝜙 III. B − C ≠ B − D
(a) Only I & II (b) Only II & III
(c) Only III & I (d) None of these

66. Let A, B, C are three non-empty sets. If A ⊂ B and B ⊂ C, then which of the following is true?
(a) B − A = C − B (b) A ∩ B ∩ C = B NCERT Page-16/N-17
(c) A ∪ B = B ∩ C (d) A ∪ B ∪ C = A

67. If 𝑎𝑁 = {𝑎𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁} and 𝑏𝑁 ∩ 𝑐𝑁 = 𝑑𝑁, where 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝑁 are relatively prime, then NCERT Page-14/N-14
(a) 𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐 (b) c = bd
(c) 𝑏 = 𝑐𝑑 (d) None of these

68. Consider the following relations :

I. 𝐴 = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 − 𝐵) II. A − B = A − (A ∩ B) III. A − (B ∪ C) = (A − B) ∪ (A − C)
Which of these is correct? NCERT Page-17/N-17
(a) I and III (b) I and II
(c) Only II (d) II and III
69. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are non-empty sets, then 𝑃(𝐴) ∪ 𝑃(𝐵) is equal to NCERT《 Page-15/N-15
(a) P(A ∪ B) (b) P(A ∩ B)
(c) P(A) = P(B) (d) None of these

70. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two sets, then (𝐴 − 𝐵) ∪ (𝐵 − 𝐴) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) is equal to NCERT( Page-17/N-17

(a) Only A (b) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵
′
(c) (A ∪ B) (d) None of these

71. If aN = {𝑎𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ N}, then the set 3 N ∩ 7 N is NCERT Page-16/N-15

(a) 21 N (b) 10 N
(c) 4 N (d) None

72. If 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is a multiple of 4} and 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is a multiple of 6}, then 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 consists of all multiples of
(a) 16 (b) 12 NCERT Page-15/N-15
(c) 8 (d) 4
73. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are sets, then 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 − 𝐴) is NCERT Page-17/N-17
(a) 𝜙 (b) A
(c) B (d) None of these
74. Let V = {a, e, i, o, u}, V − B = {e, o} and B − V = {k}. Then, the set B is NCERT Page-17/N-17
(a) {a, i, u} (b) {a, e, k, u}
(c) {a, i, k, u} (d) {a, e, i, k, u}

1.11 COMPLEMENT OF A SET

75. Which of the following is/are true?
I. If 𝐴 is a subset of the universal set 𝑈, then its complement 𝐴′ is also a subset of 𝑈.
II. If U = {1,2,3, … . . ,10} and A = {1,3,5,7,9}, then (A′ )′ = A. NCERT( Page-19/N-19
(a) Only I is true (b) Only II is true
(c) Both I and II are true (d) None of these

76. If the sets 𝐴 and 𝐵 are given by 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4}, 𝐵 = {2,4,6,8,10} and the universal set
U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}, then NCERT ⟨ Page-18/N-19
′ ′
(a) (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = {5,7,9} (b) (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = {1,3,5,6,7}
′
(c) (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = {1,3,5,6,7,8} (d) None of these

77. If 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is a multiple of 3} and 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is a multiple of 5}, then 𝐴 − 𝐵 is equal to

(a) 𝐴‾ ∩ 𝐵 (b) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵‾ NCERT ⟨ Page-17/N-17
̅
(c) A ∩ B̅ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(d) A ∩ B

78. In the Venn diagram, the shaded portion represents NCERT( Page-18/N-19

(a) complement of set A (b) universal set

(c) set A (d) None of these

79. If U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}, A = {1,2,3,5}, 𝐵 = {2,4,6,7} and 𝐶 = {2,3,4,8}, then which of the following is
true? NCERT Page-19/N-19
′ ′
(a) (B ∪ C) = {1,5,9,10} (b) (C − A) = {1,2,3,5,6,7,9,10}
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
80. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 be any two sets then 𝐴 ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′ is equal to NCERT Page-19/N-19
(a) 𝜙 (b) B
(c) 𝐵 ′ (d) None of these

81. If A and B are any two sets, then A ∪ (A ∩ B)′ is equal to NCERT Page-19/N-19
(a) A (b) B
c
(c) A (d) Bc
82. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two sets then (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ′ )′ ∩ (𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵)′ is NCERT( Page-20/N-19
(a) 𝜙 (b) ∪
(c) A′ (d) B′

1.12 Practical Problems on Union and Intersection of Two Sets

83. Each student in a class of 40 , studies at least one of the subjects English, Mathematics and Economics. 16
study English, 22 Economics and 26 Mathematics, 5 study English and Economics, 14 Mathematics and
Economics and 2 study all the three subjects. The number of students who study English and Mathematics but
not Economics is NCERT\ Page-21
(a) 7 (b) 5
(c) 10 (d) 4

84. If 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ≠ 𝜙, then 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = ? NCERT/ Page-21

(a) 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) (b) 𝑛(𝐴) − 𝑛(𝐵) + 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
(c) 𝑛(𝐴) − 𝑛(𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) (d) 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) + 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

85. A survey of 500 television viewers produced the following information, 285 watch football, 195 watch
hockey, 115 watch basket-ball, 45 watch football and basket ball, 70 watch football and hockey, 50 watch
hockey and basket ball, 50 do not watch any of the three games. The number of viewers, who watch exactly
one of the three games are [NCERTS Page-21
(a) 325 (b) 310
(c) 405 (d) 372

86. Out of 800 boys in a school, 224 played cricket, 240 played hockey and 336 played basketball. Of the total 64
played both basketball and hockey, 80 played cricket and basketball and 40 played cricket and hockey, 24
played all the three games. The number of boys who did not play any game is :
(a) 128 (b) 216
(c) 240 (d) 160

87. In a statistical investigation of 1003 families of Calcutta, it was found that 63 families has neither a radio nor a
T.V, 794 families has a radio and 187 has T.V. The number of families in that group having both a radio and a
T.V is
(a) 36 (b) 41
(c) 32 (d) None of these

88. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are finite sets, then which one of the following is the correct equation? NCERT Page-17
(a) 𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴) − 𝑛(𝐵) (b) n(A − B) = n(B − A)
(c) 𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) (d) 𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
[ 𝑛(𝐴) denotes the number of elements in 𝐴 ]

89. In a group of 52 persons, 16 drink tea but not coffee, while 33 drink tea. How many persons drink coffee but
not tea?
(a) 17 (b) 36
(c) 23 (d) 19
90. If 𝑆 and 𝑇 are two sets such that 𝑆 has 21 elements, 𝑇 has 32 elements, and 𝑆 ∩ 𝑇 has 11 elements, then
number of elements S ∪ T has
(a) 42 (b) 50
(c) 48 (d) None of these

91. Let 𝑛(U) = 700, 𝑛( A) = 200, 𝑛( B) = 300, 𝑛( A ∩ B) = 100, then 𝑛( A′ ∩ B′ ) is equal to

(a) 400 (b) 600
(c) 300 (d) None of these

92. There are 600 student in a school. If 400 of them can speak Telugu, 300 can speak Hindi, then the number of
students who can speak both Telugu and Hindi is:
(a) 100 (b) 200
(c) 300 (d) 400

93. In a group of 500 students, there are 475 students who can speak Hindi and 200 can speak Bengali. What is
the number of students who can speak Hindi only?
(a) 275 (b) 300
(c) 325 (d) 350

94. In a survey of 400 students in a school, 100 were listed as taking apple juice, 150 as taking orange juice and
75 were listed as taking both apple as well as orange juice. Then, which of the following is/are true?
I. 150 students were taking at least one juice.
II. 225 students were taking neither apple juice nor orange juice.
(a) Only I is true (c) Both I and II are true
(b) Only II is true (d) None of these

95. A market research group conducted a survey of 2000 consumers and reported that 1720 consumers like
product 𝑃1 and 1450 consumers like product 𝑃2 . What is the least number that must have liked both the
products? NCERTI Page-21
(a) 1150 (b) 2000
(c) 1170 (d) 2500

96. If 𝑛(𝐴) = 8 and 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 2, then 𝑛[(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)′ ∩ 𝐴] is equal to NCERT Page-20
(a) 8 (b) 6
(c) 4 (d) 2
97. Out of 500 car owners investigated, 400 owned car 𝐴 and 200 owned car B, 50 owned both A and B cars.
Then NCERT. Page-21
(a) 100 owned car A only (b) 150 owned car B only
(c) 150 owned exactly one car (d) The given data is incorrect

98. In a city 20 percent of the population travels by car, 50 percent travels by bus and 10 percent travels by both
car and bus. Then persons travelling by car or bus is NCERT Page-21
(a) 80 percent (c) 60 percent
(b) 40 percent (d) 70 percent
99. In a battle 70% of the combatants lost one eye, 80% an ear, 75% an arm, 85% a leg, 𝑥% lost all the four
limbs. The minimum value of 𝑥 is NCERT Page-21
(a) 10 (b) 12
(c) 15 (d) None of these

100. Which of the following is correct?

I. n(S ∪ T) is maximum when n(S ∩ T) is least.
II. If 𝑛(𝑈) = 1000, 𝑛(𝑆) = 720, 𝑛(𝑇) = 450, then least value of 𝑛(𝑆 ∩ 𝑇) = 170.
(a) Only I is true (b) Only II is true
(c) Both I and II are true (d) Both I and II are false

101. In a school, there are 20 teachers who teach Mathematics or Physics of these, 12 teach Mathematics and 4
teach both Maths and Physics. Then the number of teachers teaching only Physics are NCERT Page-21
(a) 4 (c) 12
(b) 8 (d) 16

102. A town has total population of 25,000 out of which 13,000 read "The Times of India" and 10,500 read
"The Hindustan Times". 2,500 read both papers. The percentage of population who read neither of these
newspapers is
(a) 16% (b) 18% (c) 20% (d) 25%

103. In a town of 10000 families, it was found that 40% families buy newspaper A, 20% families buy
newspaper B and 10% families buy newspaper C, 5% buy A and B, 3% buy 𝐵 and 𝐶 and 4% buy 𝐴 and 𝐶. If
2% families buy all of three newspapers, then the number of families which buy 𝐴 only, is NCERT Page-21
(a) 4400 (b) 3300
(c) 2000 (d) 500

104. If 𝑛( A) = 1000, 𝑛( B) = 500 and if 𝑛( A ∩ B) ≥ 1 and 𝑛( A ∪ B) = 𝑝, then [NCERT Page-21

(a) 500 ≤ 𝑝 ≤ 1000 (b) 1001 ≤ 𝑝 ≤ 1498
(c) 1000 ≤ 𝑝 ≤ 1498 (d) 1000 ≤ 𝑝 ≤ 1499

105. A set A has 3 elements and another set 𝐵 has 6 elements. Then
(a) 3 ≤ n(A ∪ B) ≤ 6 (b) 3 ≤ n(A ∪ B) ≤ 9
(c) 6 ≤ n(A ∪ B) ≤ 9 (d) 0 ≤ n(A ∪ B) ≤ 9

106. A market research group conducted a survey of 1000 consumers and reported that 720 consumers liked
product 𝐴 and 450 consumers liked product 𝐵. What is the least number that must have liked both products?
(a) 170 (c) 220 NCERT Page-21
(b) 280 (d) None

107. 60 employees in an office were asked about their preference for tea and coffee. It was observed that for
every 3 people who prefer tea, there are 2 who prefer coffee. For every 6 people who prefer tea, there are 2
who drink both of tea and coffee. The number of people who drink both is the same as those who drink
neither. How many people drink both tea and coffee? NCERT Page-21
(a) 10 (b) 12
(c) 14 (d) 16
108. Consider the following statements.
10
I. If 𝐴𝑛 is the set of first 𝑛 prime numbers, then 𝑈𝑛=2 𝐴𝑛 is equal to {2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29}
II. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two sets such that 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 50, n(A) = 28, n(B) = 32, then n(A ∩ B) = 10.
Which of these is correct?
(a) Only I is true (b) Only II is true
(c) Both are true (d) Both are false

109. A class has 175 students. The following data shows the number of students opting one or more subjects.
Maths-100, Physics-70, Chemistry-40, Maths and Physics-30, Maths and Chemistry-28, Physics and
Chemistry-23, Maths, Physics and Chemistry-18. How many have offered Maths alone? NCERT Page-21
(a) 35 (b) 48
(c) 60 (d) 22

Exercise 2: NCERT Exemplar & Past Years JEE Main

NCERT Exemplar Questions
1. Suppose 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , … . . , 𝐴30 are thirty sets each having 5 elements and 𝐵1 , 𝐵2 , … . . , 𝐵𝑛 are 𝑛 sets each with 3
elements. Let ⋃30 𝑛 ′
𝑖=1 Aj = ⋃𝑗=1 Bj = S and each element of S belongs to exactly 10 of the 𝐴𝑖 's and exactly 9 of
the 𝐵𝑗 's. Then 𝑛 is equal to NCERT Page-8/N-19
(a) 15 (b) 3
(c) 45 (d) 35

2. Two finite sets have 𝑚 and 𝑛 elements. The number of subsets of the first set is 112 more than that of the
second set. The values of 𝑚 and 𝑛 are, respectively, NCERT Page-8/N-19
(a) 4,7 (b) 7,4
(c) 4,4 (d) 7,7

3. The set (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ′ )′ ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) is equal to

(a) A′ ∪ B ∪ C (b) 𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵
(c) A′ ∪ C′ (d) 𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵

4. Let 𝐹1 be the set of parallelograms, 𝐹2 the set of rectangles, F3 the set of rhombuses, F4 the set of squares and
F5 the set of trapeziums in a plane. Then 𝐹1 may be equal to NCERT Page-8
(a) F2 ∩ F3 (b) F3 ∩ F4
(c) F2 ∪ F5 (d) F2 ∪ F3 ∪ F4 ∪ F1

5. Let S =-set of points inside the square, T = set of points inside the triangle and C = set of points inside the
circle. If the triangle and circle intersect each other and are contained in a square. Then, NCERT Page-10
(a) S ∩ T ∩ C = 𝜙 (b) 𝑆 ∪ 𝑇 ∪ 𝐶 = 𝐶
(c) S ∪ T ∪ C = S (d) S ∪ T = S ∩ C
6. If 𝑅 be the set of points inside a rectangle of sides 𝑎 and 𝑏(𝑎, 𝑏 > 1) with two sides along the positive
direction of X-axis and Y-axis. Then, NCERT Page-9
(a) R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑏} (b) R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 𝑎, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑏}
(c) R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎, 0 < 𝑦 < 𝑏} (d) R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 0 < 𝑥 < 𝑎, 0 < 𝑦 < 𝑏}

7. In a town of 840 persons, 450 persons read Hindi, 300read English and 200 read both. Then, the number of
persons who read neither, is NCERT ( Page-16
(a) 210 (b) 290
(c) 180 (d) 260

8. If X = {8𝑛 − 7𝑛 − 1: 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁} and Y = {49(𝑛 − 1): 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁}, then NCERT《 Page-9/N-10

(a) X ⊂ Y (b) Y ⊂ X
(c) X = Y (d) X ∩ Y = 𝜙

9. A survey shows that 63% of the people watch a news channel whereas 76% watch another channel. If x% of
the people watch both channel, then NCERT Page-21
(a) 𝑥 = 35 (b) 𝑥 = 63
(c) 39 ≤ x ≤ 63 (d) x = 39
1
10. If sets A and B are defined as: NCERT Page-14/N-15 𝐴 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 = 𝑥 , 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅}, 𝐵 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 =
−𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅}, then NCERT Page-14/N-15
(a) A ∩ B = A (b) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝐵
(c) A ∩ B = 𝜙 (d) A ∪ B = A

11. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two sets, then 𝐴 ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) equals to NCERT Page-15/N-15

(a) A (b) B
(c) 𝜙 (d) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵
12. If 𝐴 = {1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17}, 𝐵 = {2,4, … . ,18} and 𝑁 the set of natural numbers is the universal set, then
(𝐴′ ∪ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∩ 𝐵 ′ ) is NCERT( Page-19/N-19
(a) 𝜙 (b) N
(c) A (d) B

13. If 𝑆 = {𝑥 ∣ 𝑥 is a positive multiple of 3 less than 100} and 𝑃 = {𝑥 ∣ 𝑥 is a prime number less than 20}. Then
𝑛( S) + 𝑛(P) is equal to NCERT< Page-19
(a) 34 (b) 31
(c) 33 (d) 41

14. If 𝑋 and 𝑌 are two sets and 𝑋 ′ denotes the complement of X, then X ∩ (X ∪ Y)′ is equal to:
(a) X (b) Y NCERT Page-19/N-19
(c) 𝜙 (d) X ∩ Y
 PAST YEAR JEE MAINS

15. Let 𝑆 = {1,2,3, … ,100}. The number of non-empty subsets A of 𝑆 such that the product of elements in 𝐴 is
even is : NCERT《 Page-9/N-9 | 2019, A
(a) 2100 − 1 (b) 250 (250 − 1)
(c) 250 − 1 (d) 250 + 1

16. Two newspapers A and B are published in a city. It is known that 25% of the city population reads 𝐴 and
20% reads B while 8% reads both A and B. Further, 30% of those who read A but not B look into
advertisements and 40% of those who read B but not A also look into advertisements, while 50% of those
who read both A and B look into advertisements. Then the percentage of the population who look into
advertisements is: NCERT/ Page-26 | 2019, A
(a) 13.9 (b) 12.8
(c) 13 (d) 13.5

17. Let 𝑋 = {𝑛 ∈ 𝑁: 1 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 50}. If 𝐴 = {𝑛 ∈ 𝑋: 𝑛 is 𝑎 multiple of 2} and 𝐵 = {𝑛 ∈ 𝑋: 𝑛 is a multiple of 7},

then the number of elements in the smallest subset of 𝑋 containing both 𝐴 and 𝐵 is NCERT Page-10/N-15
2020, A

18. Let 𝐴 = {𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 ∣ 𝑛2 ≤ 𝑛 + 10,000}, 𝐵 = {3𝑘 + 1 ∣ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑁} and 𝐶 = {2𝑘 ∣ 𝑘 ∈ 𝑁}, then the sum of all the
elements of the set A ∩ (B − C) is equal to NCERT Page-17/N-17 | 2021, C

19. Let 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} and 𝐵 = {3,6,7,9}. Then the number of elements in the set {𝐶 ⊆ 𝐴: 𝐶 ∩ 𝐵 ≠ 𝜙} is
NCERT〈 Page-7/N-17 | 2022, C

20. An organization awarded 48 medals in event ' 𝐴 ', 25 in event ' 𝐵 ' and 18 in event ' 𝐶 '. If these medals went to
total 60 men and only five men got medals in all the three events, then, how many received medals in exactly
two of three events? NCERT( Page 21 | 2023, A
(a) 10 (b) 9
(c) 21 (d) 15

Exercise 3: Skill Enhancer MCQS

1. In a market research project, 20% opted for ' 𝑁 irma' detergent whereas 60% opted for 'Surf blue' detergent.
The remaining individuals were not certain. If the difference between those who opted for 'Surf blue' and
those who were uncertain was 720 , how many respondents were covered in the survey?
(a) 1100 (c) 1800
(b) 1150 (d) None of these

2. If A = {𝑥: 𝑥 2 = 1} and B = {𝑥: 𝑥 4 = 1}, then AΔB is equal to

(a) {i, −i} (b) {−1,1}
(c) {−1,1, 𝑖, −𝑖} (d) None of these
3. Let 𝐴 = {𝜃: sin (𝜃) = tan (𝜃)} and 𝐵 = {𝜃: cos (𝜃) = 1} be two sets. Then :
(a) A = B (b) 𝐴 ⊄ 𝐵
(c) 𝐵 ⊄ 𝐴 (d) 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐵 and 𝐵 − 𝐴 ≠ 𝜙

4. Let A, B, C be finite sets. Suppose that n(A) = 11, n(B) = 16, 𝑛(𝐶) = 21, 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 9 and 𝑛(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) =
10. Then the possible value of 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) is
(a) 27 (b) 28
(c) 29 (d) Any of the three values 26, 27, 28 is possible

5. A survey shows that 61%, 46% and 29% of the people watched " 3 idiots", "Rajneeti" and "Avatar"
respectively. 25% people watched exactly two of the three movies and 3% watched none. What percentage of
people watched all the three movies?
(a) 39% (b). 11%
(c) 14% (d) 7%

6. Which is simplified representation of (A′ ∩ B′ ∩ C) ∪ (B ∩ C) ∪ (A ∩ C) where A, B, C are subsets of set 𝑋 ?

(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) 𝑋 ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)

7. In a class of 60 students, 23 play Hockey 15 Play Basketball and 20 play cricket. 7 play Hockey and Basket-
ball, 5 play cricket and Basket-ball, 4 play Hockey and Cricket and 15 students do not play any of these
games. Then
(a) 4 play Hockey, Basket-ball and Cricket (b) 20 play Hockey but not Cricket
(c) 1 plays Hockey and Cricket but not Basket-ball (d) All above are correct

8. A survey of 500 television viewers produced the following information, 285 watch football, 195 watch
hockey, 115 watch basket-ball, 45 watch football and basket ball, 70 watch football and hockey, 50 watch
hockey and basket ball, 50 do not watch any of the three games. The number of viewers, who watch exactly
one of the three games are
(a) 325 (b) 310
(c) 405 (d) 372

9. If 𝑛(𝐴) = 4 and 𝑛(𝐵) = 7, then the difference between maximum and minimum value of 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) is
(a) 1 (c) 3
(b) 2 (d) 4

10. A dinner party is to be fixed for a group of 100 persons. In this party, 50 persons do not prefer fish, 60 prefer
chicken and 10 do not prefer either chicken or fish. The number of persons who prefer both fish and chicken
is.
(a) 20 (b) 22
(c) 25 (d) None of these

11. Let N be the set of non-negative integers, 𝐼 the set of integers, Np the set of non-positive integers, 𝐸 the set of
even integers and 𝑃 the set of prime numbers. Then
(a) I − N = Np (b) N ∩ Np = 𝜙
(c) E ∩ P = 𝜙 (d) NΔNp = I − {0}
12. Let 𝑃 = {𝜃: sin 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 = √2cos 𝜃} and 𝑄 = {𝜃: sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 = √2sin 𝜃} be two sets. Then
(a) P ⊂ Q and Q − P ≠ 𝜙 (b) 𝑄 ⊄ 𝑃
(c) P ⊄ Q (d) 𝑃 = 𝑄

13. If 𝑈 = {𝑥: 𝑥 5 − 6𝑥 4 + 11𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 = 0}, 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0) and 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 =

0}, then 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)′ is equal to:
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5

14. From 50 students taking examination in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, each of the students has passed
in at least one of the subject, 37 passed Mathematics, 24 Physics and 43 Chemistry. Atmost 19 passed
Mathematics and Physics, atmost 29 Mathematics and Chemistry and atmost 20 Physics and Chemistry. Then,
the largest numbers that could have passed all three examinations, are
(a) 12 (b) 14
(c) 15 (d) 16

15. Let 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 be finite sets such that 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = 𝜙 and each one of the sets A ΔB, BΔC and CΔA has 100
elements. The number of elements in 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 is
(a) 250 (b) 200
(c) 150 (d) 300

Exercise 4 : Numeric Value Answer Questions

1. 25 people for programme 𝐴, 50 people for programme 𝐵, 10 people for both programmes are employed. So,
number of employee employed for only A is

2. In a class of 55 students, the number of students studying different subjects are 23 in Mathematics, 24 in
Physics, 19 in Chemistry, 12 in Mathematics and Physics, 9 in Mathematics and Chemistry, 7 in Physics and
Chemistry and 4 in all the three subjects. The total number of students who have taken exactly one subject is

3. There are 100 students in a class. In an examination, 50 of them failed in Mathematics, 45 failed in Physics,
40 failed in Biology and 32 failed in exactly two of three subjects. Only one student passed in all the subjects.
Then the number of students failing in all the three subjects are

4. In a class of 100 students, 55 students have passed in mathematics and 67 students have passed in physics.
Then the number of students who have passed in physics only is

5. If 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4,5}, then the number of proper subsets of 𝐴 is

6. The number of elements in the set {(𝑎, 𝑏): 2𝑎2 + 3𝑏 2 = 35, 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍}, where 𝑍 is the set of all integers, is

7. Set 𝐴 has 𝑚 elements and set 𝐵 has 𝑛 elements. If the total number of subsets of 𝐴 is 112 more than the total
number of subsets of 𝐵, then the value of 𝑚 ⋅ 𝑛 is

8. Let 𝐴 = {𝑛 ∈ 𝑁: 𝑛 is a 3-digit number], 𝐵 = {9𝑘 + 2: 𝑘 ∈ 𝑁} and 𝐶 = {9𝑘 + ℓ: 𝑘 ∈ 𝑁} for some ℓ(0 < ℓ <
9). If the sum of all the elements of the set 𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) is 274 × 400, then ℓ is equal to
9. In a class of 140 students numbered 1 to 140 , all even numbered students opted Mathematics course, those
whose number is divisible by 3 opted Physics course and those whose number is divisible by 5 opted
Chemistry course. Then the number of students who did not opt for any of the three courses is

10. In a class 30 pupils, 12 take needle work, 16 take physics and 18 take history. If all the 30 students take at
least one subject and no one takes all three then the number of pupils taking 2 subjects is

11. Let S = {4,6,9} and T = {9, ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅

10,11, . ,1000}. If A = {𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + ⋯ . . +𝑎k : 𝑘 ∈ N, 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , . , 𝑎k ∈ 𝑆}, then the
sum of all the elements in the set T − A is equal to

12. Let 𝐴: {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}. Define 𝐵 = {𝑇 ⊆ 𝐴 : either 1 ∉ 𝑇 or 2 ∈ T} and C = T ⊆ A : T the sum of all the
elements of 𝑇 is a prime number }. Then the number of elements in the set B ∪ C is

13. Let 𝐴 = {𝑛 ∈ 𝑁: H.C.F. (𝑛, 45) = 1} and let 𝐵 = {2𝑘: 𝑘 ∈ {1,2, … ,100}}. Then the sum of all the elements of
𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 is
 ANSWER KEYS
Exercise - 1 : (NCERT Based Topic-wise MCQs)
1 (c) 13 (c) 25 (b) 37 (c) 49 (b) 61 (d) 73 (a) 85 (a) 97 (d) 109 (c)

2 (a) 14 (d) 26 (c) 38 (b) 50 (d) 62 (d) 74 (c) 86 (d) 98 (c)

3 (c) 15 (d) 27 (a) 39 (d) 51 (b) 63 (d) 75 (c) 87 (b) 99 (a)

4 (b) 16 (b) 28 (d) 40 (d) 52 (b) 64 (a) 76 (a) 88 (c) 100 (c)

5 (c) 17 (c) 29 (c) 41 (a) 53 (b) 65 (a) 77 (b) 89 (d) 101 (b)

6 (a) 18 (d) 30 (c) 42 (d) 54 (d) 66 (c) 𝟕𝟖 (a) 90 (a) 102 (a)

7 (a) 19 (d) 31 (b) 43 (c) 55 (a) 67 (a) 79 (c) 91 (c) 103 (b)

8 (a) 20 (a) 32 (b) 44 (b) 56 (b) 68 (b) 80 (a) 92 (a) 104 (d)

9 (d) 21 (d) 33 (a) 45 (a) 57 (d) 69 (d) 81 (a) 93 (b) 105 (c)

10 (a) 22 (a) 34 (a) 46 (d) 58 (a) 70 (b) 82 (a) 94 (b) 106 (d)

11 (c) 23 (c) 35 (a) 47 (c) 59 (a) 71 (a) 83 (b) 95 (c) 107 (b)

12 (c) 24 (b) 36 (c) 48 (d) 60 (c) 72 (b) 84 (a) 96 (b) 108 (c)

Exercise - 2 : (NCERT Exemplar & Past Years JEE Main)

1 (c) 3 (b) 5 (c) 7 (b) 9 (c) 11 (a) 13 (d) 15 (D) 11 (𝟐𝟗) 13 (1112)

2 (b) 4 (d) 6 (d) 8 (a) 10 (c) 12 (b) 14 (c) 16 (a) 18 (832) 20 (c)

Exercise - 3 : (Skill Enhancer MCQs)

1 (c) 3 (b) 5 (d) 7 (c) 9 (d) 11 (d) 13 (b) 15 (c) …

2 (a) 4 (d) 6 (c) 8 (a) 10 (a) 12 (d) 14 (b)

Exercise - 4: (Numeric Value Answer Questions)

1 (15) 2 (22) 3 (2) 4 (𝟒𝟓) 5 (31) 6 (𝟖) 7 (28) 8 (5) 9 (38) 10 (16)

11 (11) 12 (107) 13 (𝟓𝟐𝟔𝟒)

 Hints & Solutions
EXERCISE - 1
1. (c) Sets are used in relations and functions.

2. (a) We have 𝑥 2 = 16 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±4. Also, 2𝑥 = 6 ⇒ 𝑥 = 3 There is no value of 𝑥 which satisfies both the above
equations. Thus the set 𝐴 contains no elements

∴A=𝜙

3. (c) Clearly 𝐴 = 𝜙 = {}

4. (b) Given, 𝐴 = {3,6,9,12}

B = {1,4,9, … ∵ 100}
and
= {x: x = n2 , n ∈ N and 1 ≤ n ≤ 10}

5. (c) We see that each member in the given set has the numerator one less than the denominator. Also, the
n
numerator begins from 1 and do not exceed 6 . Hence, in the set-builder form, the given set is {x: x = n+1,
where n ∈ N and 1 ≤ n ≤ 6}.

6. (a) Since, 𝑎 + 2 = 6 ⇒ 𝑎 = 4 ∴ the given set is {4}.

7. (a) 2 is even prime number.

8. (a) The days of a week are well defined. Hence, the collection of all the days of a week, is a set.

9. (d) Number of elements in 𝑋 = 5.

10. (a) Since, 3𝑥 − 1 is an even number for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍 + . So, the given set in roster form is {1,2,3,4,5}.

11. (c) A student cannot study simultaneously in both classes X and XI. Thus, the set B contains no element at all.

12. (c) Given set is {(𝑎, 𝑏): 2𝑎2 + 3𝑏 2 = 35, 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍}

We can see that, 2(±2)2 + 3(±3)2 = 35

and 2(±4)2 + 3(±1)2 = 35

∴ (2,3), (2, −3), (−2, −3), (−2,3), (4,1), (4, −1), (−4, −1), (−4,1) are 8 elements of the set ∴ n = 8.

13. (c) {x: x = n2 , n ∈ N and 1 ≤ n ≤ 10}

14. (d) 𝑥 2 = 4 ⇒ 𝑥 = −2,2.
15. (d) 𝑥 2 + 1 = 0 has no solution in R

16. (b) (a) There is no odd natural number divisible by 2 , so there will be no element in this set, hence it is a null
set.

(b) There is only one even prime number which is 2 , i.e. there is an element, so it is not a null set.

(c) There is no natural number which is less than 5 and greater than 7 , i.e. there is no element, so it is a null
set.

(d) Since, parallel lines never intersect each other, so they have no common point, i.e. no element, so it is a
null set.

17. (c) A set which does not contain any element is called an empty or void or null set,
But zero set contain 0.

18. (d) An empty set does not contain any element.

19. (d) Intelligence of student is not defined by academic ability.

20. (a) (a) A = {x: x ∈ Z and x 2 − 5x + 6 = 0} = {2,3} So, 𝐴 is a finite set

(b) 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍 and 𝑥 2 is even }

= {… . . , −6, −4, −2,0,2,4,6, …..

Clearly, 𝐵 is an infinite set.

(c) 𝐷 = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍 and 𝑥 > −10} = {−9, −8, −7, …..

Clearly, D is an infinite set.

21. (d) In the given sets, the set of all primes is an infinite set.

22. (a) (a) |x| = 5 ⇒ x = 5[∵ x ∈ N]

∴ Given set is singleton.

(b) |𝑥| = 6 ⇒ 𝑥 = −6,6[∵ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍]

∴ Given set is not singleton.

(c) x 2 + 2x + 1 = 0 ⇒ (x + 1)2 = 0 ⇒ x = −1, −1

Since, −1 ∉ N, ∴ given set = 𝜙

(d) 𝑥 2 = 7 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±√7.
23. (c) Since, 0 ∈ 𝐴 and 0 does not belong to any of the sets 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 and 𝐸, it follows that 𝐴 ≠ 𝐵, 𝐴 ≠ 𝐶, 𝐴 ≠ 𝐷,
𝐴 ≠ 𝐸.
Since, 𝐵 = 𝜙, but none of the other sets are empty. Therefore B ≠ C, B ≠ D and B ≠ E. Also, C = {5} but
−5 ∈ 𝐷, hence 𝐶 ≠ 𝐷.

Since, 𝐸 = {5}, 𝐶 = 𝐸. Further, 𝐷 = {−5,5} and 𝐸 = {5}, we find that 𝐷 ≠ 𝐸. Thus, the only one pair of
equal sets is 𝐶 and 𝐸.

24. (b) ∵ A = {−1,0,1} ∴ A ≠ B.

25. (b) Given : Two finite sets have 𝑚 and 𝑛 elements

∴ 2m − 2n = 56 ⇒ 2m − 2n = 64 − 8

⇒ 2m − 2n = 26 − 23 ⇒ m = 6̇, n = 3

26. (c) {5} is a subset of 𝐴 as 5 ∈ 𝐴

But, {1,2} is not a subset of A as elements 1,2 ∉ A.

27. (a) We note that every element of 𝑌 is also an element of 𝑋, as if a student is in your class, then he is also in
your school.

28. (d) The number of proper subsets of {1,2,3, … . 𝑛} is 2𝐧 − 1. Hence the number of proper subset of {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐} is
23 − 1 = 7

29. (c) A = {1,3,5}

B = {x: x is an odd natural number less than 6} ≐ {1,3,5}
Since, every element of 𝐴 is in 𝐵, so 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐵.
Every element of 𝐵 is in 𝐴, so 𝐵 ⊂ 𝐴. Then, 𝐴 = 𝐵.

30. (c) n(X) = 3

Number of proper subset = 2n(x) − 1 = 23 − 1 = 8 − 1 = 7

31. (b) Let A = {1}, B = {{1},2} and C = {{1},2,3}.

Here, A ∈ B as A = {1} and B ⊂ C but A ⊄ C as 1 ∈ A but 1 ∉ C.

32. (b)
33. (a) Let 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅 and 𝑎 < 𝑏. Then, the set of real numbers {x: a < x < b} is called an open interval. And a, b
do not belong to this interval.

34. (a) If 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐵 and 𝐴 ≠ 𝐵, then 𝐴 is called a proper subset of 𝐵 and 𝐵 is called a super set of 𝐴.

35. (a) Subset of {} i.e., 𝜙 is 𝜙.

Subsets of {4} are 𝜙, {4}.

Subsets of {4,5} are 𝜙, {4}, {5}, {4,5}.

Sub sets of {0} are 𝜙, {0}.

36. (c) Given that A = {x: x = n2 , n = 1,2,3} = {1,4,9}

∴ Number of elements in 𝐴 is 3 .

So, number of proper subsets = 23 − 1 = 7.

37. (c) Total number of subset of given set {1,2,3,4} = 24 = 16 Since, 𝜙 is the subset of every set.
∴ Number of non-empty subsets = 16 − 1 = 15 = 3 × 5

38. (b) The interval in the figure is [𝑎, 𝑏].

39. (d) a is not an element of {{a}, b} ∴ a ∉ {{a}, b}

{𝑏, 𝑐} is the element of {𝑎, {𝑏, 𝑐}} ∴ {𝑏, 𝑐} ∈ {𝑎, {𝑏, 𝑐}}

b ∈ {a, b} but b ∉ {a, {b, c}}

∴ {a, b} ⊄ {a, {b, c}}.

40. (d) Let 𝐴 = {𝑥, 𝑦}

Power set = Set of all possible subsets of A

∴ P(A) = {𝜙, {x}, {y}, {x, y}}

41. (a) Let 𝐵 = {𝑏}. Then, 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝐵}.

∴ 𝑃(𝐴) = {𝜙, {𝑎}, {𝐵}, {𝑎, 𝐵}} = {𝜙, {𝑎}, {{𝑏}}, {𝑎, {𝑏}}}.

42. (d) 𝑃(𝜙) is the power set of the set 𝜙.

∴ Cardinality = P{P[P(𝜙)]} = 4

43. (c) n(A) = 0 ∴ n[P(A)] = 20 = 1

44. (b) ∵ n(A) = 4 ∴ n(P(A)) = 24 = 16

45. (a) ∵ n(A) = 3 ⇒ n(P(A)) = 23 = 8

∴ n(P(P(A))) = 28 = 256

46. (d) n(𝜙) = 1 ⇒ n(P(𝜙)) = 21 = 2

⇒ n(P(P(𝜙))) = 22 = 4

⇒ n(P(P(P(𝜙)))) = 24 = 36

47. (c)

48. (d)

49. (b)

50. (d) U = {1,2,3,4, … . . ,10}; A = {2,4,6,8,10}

B = {4,6}

∵ All the elements of B are also in A, ∴ B ⊂ A

⇒ Set B lies inside A in the Venn diagram.

51. (b) Given set 𝐴 with equation |𝑥 + 1| < 2 and set B with equation |𝑥 − 1| ≥ 2.
𝐴: 𝑥 ∈ (−3,1)

𝐵: 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −1] ∪ [3, ∞)

52. (b)

53. (b) In the given Venn diagram, shaded area between sets 𝑃 and 𝑄 is (𝑃 ∩ 𝑄) − 𝑅 and shaded area between 𝑃
and 𝑅 is (𝑃 ∩ 𝑅) − 𝑄. So, both the shaded area is union of these two area and is represented by ((𝑃 ∩ 𝑄) −
𝑅) ∪ ((𝑃 ∩ 𝑅) − 𝑄).

54. (d) Let us consider the sets 𝐴 = {1,2,4}, 𝐵 = {2,5,6} and 𝐶 = {1,5,7}
I. A − B = {1,4} and A − (A ∩ B) = {1,2,4} − {2} = {1,4} ∴ A − B = A − (A ∩ B)

II. (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 − 𝐵) = {2} ∪ {1,4} = {1,2,4} = 𝐴

III. A − (B ∪ C) = {1,2,4} − {1,2,5,6,7} = {4} and (𝐴 − 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 − 𝐶) = {1,4} ∪ {2,4} = {1,2,4} ∴ A − (B ∪

C) ≠ (A − B) ∪ (A − C).
55. (a) Given 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4}, 𝐵 = {3,4,5,6} ∴ 𝐴 − 𝐵 = {1,2}

56. (b) 57. (d)

57. (a) Given : 𝐴 = {3,6,9,15 ….}𝑎𝑛𝑑𝐵 = {5,10,15,20, ….. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is multiple of 3 and 5}

⇒ 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is multiple of 15}

⇒ A ∩ B = {15,30,45, ….

59. (a) We have, 𝑉 = {𝑎, 𝑒, 𝑖, 𝑜, 𝑢} and 𝐵 = {𝑎, 𝑖, 𝑘, 𝑢}

∴ 𝑉 − 𝐵 = {𝑒, 𝑜}

∵ the element 𝑒, 𝑜 belong to 𝑉 but not to 𝐵 ∴ 𝐵 − 𝑉 = {𝑘}

∵ the element 𝑘 belong to 𝐵 − 𝑉 but not to 𝑉 − 𝐵.

60. (c) A ∪ B = {a, b} ∪ {a, b, c} = {a, b, c}

61. (d) The shaded region represents (𝑃 ∩ 𝑄) ∪ (𝑃 ∩ 𝑅).

62. (d) It is obvious.

63. (d) It is clear from the figure that set A ∪ C is not shaded and set 𝐵 is shaded other than 𝐴 ∪ 𝐶, i.e., 𝐵 − (𝐴 ∪
𝐶).

64. (a) As given : S = the set of all triangles

P = the set of all isosceles triangles

𝑄 = the set of all equilateral triangles

R = the set of all right angled triangles

∴ P ∩ Q represents the set of isosceles triangles and

𝑅¨ − 𝑃 represents the set of non-isosceles right angled triangles.

65. (a) Only I and II statements are incorrect.

I. A − B = {3,6,9,15,18,21}
II. C − B = {2,6,10,14,20}; D − B = {5,10,15} (𝐶 − 𝐵) ∩ (𝐷 − 𝐵) = {10}

66. (c) If A ⊂ B and B ⊂ C, then these sets is represented in Venn diagram as

Clearly, A ∪ B = B and 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = 𝐵

Hence, A ∪ B = B ∩ C
67. (a) bN = {bx: x ∈ N}; cN = {cx: x ∈ N}
∴ bN ∩ cN = {x: x is multiple of b and c both }

= {𝑥: 𝑥 is multiple of 1. 𝑐. 𝑚. of 𝑏 and 𝑐}

= {𝑥: 𝑥 is multiple of 𝑏𝑐}

[given 𝑏 and 𝑐 are relatively prime ∴ l.c.m. of 𝑏 and 𝑐 = 𝑏𝑐 ]

∴ 𝑏𝑁 ∩ 𝑐𝑁 = {𝑏𝑐𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁} = 𝑑𝑁 ∴ 𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐.

68. (b) I and II are the correct statements.

𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝐴 − (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) is correct.

𝐴 = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 − 𝐵) is correct.

Statement-III is false.

69. (d) Let A = {1}, B = {2,3}, then

𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {1,2,3} and 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝜙

Now, P(A) = {𝜙, {1}}, P(B) = {𝜙, {2}, {3}, {2,3}}

∴ 𝑃(𝐴) ∪ 𝑃(𝐵) = {𝜙, {1}, {2}, {3}, {2,3}}

𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = {𝜙, {1}, {2}, {3}, {2,3}, {1,2}

and P(A ∩ B) = {𝜙}. {3,1}, {1,2,3}}

70. (b) (A − B) ∪ (B − A) ∪ (A ∩ B)
= only A ∪ only B ∪ Both A and B = A ∪ B.

71. (a) We have,

3𝑁 = {3𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁} = {3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24 …..
 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑁: 𝑥 is a multiple of 3}

and 7 N = {7x: x ∈ N} = {7,14,21,28 …..

= {𝑥 ∈ 𝑁: 𝑥 is a multiple of 7}

∴ 3 N ∩ 7 N = {x ∈ 𝐍: x is a multiple of 3 and 7}

= {𝑥 ∈ 𝑁: 𝑥 is a multiple of 21} = {21,42, … … } = .21𝑁

72. (b) A = {4,8,12,16,20,24, ….

𝐵 = {6,12,18,24,30, …..

∴ 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {12,24, … . } =. {𝑥: 𝑥 is a multiple of 12}.

73. (a) A ∩ (B − A) = 𝜙 [∵ x ∈ B − A ⇒ x ∉ A]

74. (c) V = {a, e, i, o, u}; V − B = {e, o}

i.e., 𝑒 and 𝑜 are the elements belong to 𝑉 but not to 𝐵 B − V = {k}

i.e., k is the element belongs to B but not to V.

∴ B = {a, i, u, k}

75. (c) If 𝐴 is a subset of the universal set 𝑈, then its complement 𝐴′ is also a subset of 𝑈.
We have, 𝐴′ = {2,4,6,8,10}

Hence, (𝐴′ )′ = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑈 and 𝑥 ∉ 𝐴′ } = {1,3,5,7,9} = 𝐴 It is clear from the definition of the complement that
for any subset of the universal set 𝑈, we have (𝐴′ )′ = 𝐴

76. (a)

77. (b)

78. (a) In the given figure, the shaded portion represents complement of set A.

79. (c) B ∪ C = {2,3,4,6,7,8}

(𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)′ = 𝑈 − (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = {1,5,9,10}

C − A = {4,8} ⇒ (C − A)′ = {1,2,3,5,6,7,9,10}.

𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝐴. Hence, 𝐴 ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝐴.

80. (a) 𝐴 ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′ = 𝐴 ∩ (𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 ′ ) = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐴′ ) ∩ 𝐵 ′

81. (a)
 = 𝜙 ∩ B′ = 𝜙 = A′ − B′

82. (a) (A ∪ B′ )′ ∩ (A′ ∪ B)′ = (A′ ∩ B) ∩ (A ∩ B′ ) = (𝐴′ ∩ 𝐴) ∩ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐵 ′ ) = 𝜙 ∩ 𝜙 = 𝜙

83. (b) C stands for set of students taking economics

a + b + c + d + e + f + g = 40; a + b + d + g = 16

b + c + e + g = 22; d + e + f + g = 26

b + g = 5; e + g = 14; g = 2
Go by backward substitution 𝑒 = 12, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑑 + 𝑓 = 12, 𝑐 + 𝑒 = 17 ⇒ 𝑐 = 5; 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 11 a + d + f = 18 ⇒
f = 7 ∴ d = 12 − 7 = 5

84. (a)
85. (a)

a + e + f + g = 285, b + d + f + g = 195

c + d + e + f = 115, e + g = 45, f + g = 70, d + g = 50

a + b + c + d + e + f + g = 500 − 50 = 450

We obtain,

a + f = 240, b + d = 125, c + e = 65

a + e = 215, b + f = 145; b + c + d = 165

a + c + e = 255; a + b + f = 335

Solving we get

b = 95, c = 40, a = 190, d = 30, e = 25, f = 50 and g = 20

 Desired quantity = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 325

86. (d) 𝑎 + 𝑒 + 𝑓 + 𝑔 = 224

b + d + f + g = 240

c + d + e + g = 336

d + g = 64, e + g = 80

f + g = 40, g = 24 ⇒ d = 40

e = 56, f = 16,

𝑎 = 128, 𝑏 = 160, 𝑐 = 216

∴ Boys who did not play any game

= 800 − (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 + 𝑒 + 𝑓 + 𝑔) = 160

87. (b)

Let R be the set of families having a radio and 𝑇 the set families having a T.V.,

then 𝑛(𝑅 ∪ 𝑇) = The number of families having at least on of the radio and T.V. = 1003 − 63 = 940

𝑛(R) = 794 and n(T) = 187

Let 𝑥 families have both a radio and a T.V.

Then number of families who have only radio = 794 − 𝑥

And the number of families who have only T.V. = 187 − 𝑥

From Venn diagram, 794 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 187 − 𝑥 = 940

 ⇒ 981 − 𝑥 = 940 or 𝑥 = 981 − 940 = 41

Hence, the required number of families having both a radio

and a T.V. = 41

88. (c) If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are finite sets, then

From the Venn diagram

⇒ n(A − B) = n(A) − n(A ∩ B)

89. (d) Let T denotes tea drinkers and C denotes coffee drinkers in universal set 𝑈. From the diagram, we get
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 52

𝑎 = 16

𝑎 + 𝑏 = 33

Put 𝑎 = 16 in equation (iii), we have 16 + 𝑏 = 33 ⇒ 𝑏 = 17 Now, substitute the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏 in

equation (i), we get 16 + 17 + 𝑐 = 52

c = 52 − 33 = 19

90. (a)

91. (c) 𝑛( A′ ∩ B′ ) = 𝑛( A ∪ B)′ = 𝑛(U) − 𝑛( A ∪ B)

= 𝑛(U) − [𝑛( A) + 𝑛( B) − 𝑛( A ∩ B)]

= 700 − [200 + 300 − 100] = 300

92. (a) Let 𝐴 ≡ Set of Tamil speaking students and 𝐵 ≡ Hindi speaking students
𝑛(𝐴) = 400, 𝑛(𝐵) = 300 and 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 600
 n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∩ B)

⇒ n(A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∪ B)

= 400 + 300 − 600 = 100

93. (b) Total number of students = 500

Let H be the set showing number of students who can speak Hindi = 475 and 𝐵 be the set showing number of
students who can speak Bengali = 200

So, 𝑛(𝐻) = 475 and 𝑛(𝐵) = 200 and given that 𝑛(𝐵 ∪ 𝐻) = 500 we have

n(B ∪ H) = n(B) + n(H) − n(B ∩ H)

⇒ 500 = 200 + 475 − n(B ∩ H)

so, n(B ∩ H) = 175

Hence, persons who speak Hindi only = n(H) − n(B ∩ H) = 475 − 175 = 300

94. (b) Let 𝑈 denote the set of surveyed students and 𝑋 denote the set of students taking apple juice and 𝑌 denote
the set of students taking orange juice. Then, 𝑛(𝑈) = 400, 𝑛(𝑋) = 100, 𝑛(𝑌) = 150
and n(X ∩ Y) = 75

𝑛(𝑋 ∪ 𝑌) = 𝑛(𝑋) + 𝑛(𝑌) − 𝑛(𝑋 ∩ 𝑌) = 100 + 150 − 75 = 175

∴ 175 students were taking at least one juice.

n(X ′ ∩ Y ′ ) = n(X ∪ 𝑌)′ = n(U) − n(X ∪ 𝑌)

= 400 − 175 = 225
Hence, 225 students were taking neither apple juice nor orange juice.

95. (c) Let U be the set of all consumers who were questioned, 𝐴 be the set of consumers who liked product 𝑃1
and 𝐵 be the set of consumers who liked product P2.
It is given that 𝑛(𝑈) = 2000, 𝑛(𝐴) = 1720, 𝑛(𝐵) = 1450,

𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 1720 + 1450 − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

= 3170 − n(A ∩ B)

Since, 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ⊆ 𝑈 ∴ 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ≤ 𝑛(𝑈) ⇒ 3170 − n(A ∩ B) ≤ 2000 ⇒ 3170 − 2000 ≤ n(A ∩ B)

⇒ n(A ∩ B) ≥ 1170

Thus, the least value of 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) is 1170 .

 Hence, the least number of consumers who liked both the products is 1170 .

96. (b) n[(A ∩ B)′ ∩ A] = n[(A′ ∪ B′ ) ∩ A] = 𝑛[(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐴) ∪ (𝐵 ′ ∩ 𝐴)] (Distributive Law)

97. (d) = n[𝜙 ∪ (B′ ∩ A)] = n(A ∩ B′ ) = n(A) − n(A ∩ B)

98. (c) 𝑛(C) = 20, 𝑛( B) = 50, 𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝐵) = 10

Now 𝑛(𝐶 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐶) + 𝑛(𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝐵)

= 20 + 50 − 10 = 60

Hence, required number of persons = 60%.

99. (a) Minimum value of 𝑥 = 100 − (30 + 20 + 25 + 15) = 100 − 90 = 10.

100. (c) Both the statements are true.

II. 𝑛(𝑆 ∪ 𝑇) = 𝑛(𝑆) + 𝑛(𝑇) − 𝑛(𝑆 ∩ 𝑇) = 720 + 450 − 𝑛(𝑆 ∩ 𝑇) = 1170 − n(S ∩ T)

⇒ 1170 − n(S ∩ T) ≤ n(U) ⇒ 1170 − n(S ∩ T) ≤ 1000

⇒ n(S ∩ T) ≥ 170

101. (b) Let M = set of Mathematics teachers 𝑃 = set of Physics teachers

n( only Maths teacher ) = n(M) − n(M ∩ P) = 12 − 4 = 8

Also, 𝑛(𝑀 ∪ 𝑃) = 𝑛 (only Math teachers)

+n (Only Physics teachers) +n(M ∩ P)

20 = 8 + 4 + 𝑛 (only Physics teachers) ⇒ 𝑛 = 8.

102. (a)

103. (b) n(A) = 40% of 10000 = 4000, n(B) = 2000,

n(C) = 1000, n(A ∩ B) = 500, n(B ∩ C) = 300,

n(C ∩ A) = 400, n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 200

∴ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵‾ ∩ 𝐶‾ ) = 𝑛{𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)′ }

= 𝑛(𝐴) − 𝑛{𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)}
= 𝑛(𝐴) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) + 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)
= 4000 − 500 − 400 + 200 = 3300.
104. (d) n(A) = 1000, n(B) = 500, n(A ∩ B) ≥ 1,
𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑝; 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
 p = 1000 + 500 − n(A ∩ B) ⇒ 1 ≤ n(A ∩ B) ≤ 500

Hence 𝑝 ≤ 1499 and 𝑝 ≥ 1000 ⇒ 1000 ≤ 𝑝 ≤ 1499

105. (c) We have

min𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = max{𝑛(𝐴), 𝑛(𝐵)} = max{3,6} = 6

Max 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) = 9; ∴ 6 ≤ 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ≤ 9

106. (d) Let 𝑈 be the set of consumers questioned 𝑋, the set of consumers who liked the product 𝐴 and 𝑌, the
set of consumers who liked the product 𝐵. Then 𝑛(𝑈) = 1000, 𝑛 (X) = 720, n(Y) = 450
n(X ∪ Y) = n(X) + n(Y) − n(X ∩ Y) = 1170 − n(X ∩ Y)

∴ n(X ∩ Y) = 1170 − n(X ∪ Y)

Clearly, n(X ∩ Y) is least when n(X ∪ Y) is maximum.

Now, 𝑋 ∪ 𝑌 ⊂ 𝑈 ∴ 𝑛(𝑋 ∪ 𝑌) ≤ 𝑛(𝑈) = 1000

∴ the maximum value of 𝑛(𝑋 ∪ 𝑌) is 1000 .

107. (b)

108. (c) I. ⋃10

𝑛=2 𝐴𝑛 is the set of first 10 prime numbers = {2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29}

II. 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

50 = 28 + 32 − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ⇒ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 60 − 50 = 10

109. (c) n(M ∩ P ′ ∩ C′ )

= 𝑛˙(𝑀) − [𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃) + 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝐶) − 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝐶 ∩ 𝑃)]

= 100 − 30 − 28 + 18 = 60

[This can be solved directly by seeing the Venn Diagram]

 EXERCISE - 2
1. (c) If elements are not repeated, then number of elements in 𝐴1 ∪ 𝐴2 ∪ 𝐴3 … ∪ 𝐴30 is 30 × 5.
30×5
But each element is used 10 times, so 𝑆 = = 15
10

If elements in 𝐵1 , 𝐵2 , … . . , 𝐵𝑛 are not repeated, then total number of elements is 3𝑛 but each element is
3𝑛 3𝑛
repeated 9 times, so S = 9 ⇒ 15 = 9 ⇒ 𝑛 = 45

2. (b) 2𝑚 − 2𝑛 = 112 ⇒ 2𝑛 (2𝑚−𝑛 − 1) = 16.7

∴ 2𝑛 (2𝑚−𝑛 − 1) = 24 (23 − 1)

Comparing we get 𝑛 = 4 and 𝑚 − 𝑛 = 3

⇒ 𝑛 = 4 and 𝑚 = 7

3. (b) (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ′ )′ ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)
= (𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = 𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵

[By Demorgan's Law]

[(A′ )′ = A]

4. (d) Consider the following Venn diagram with universal set 𝑈 as the set of all the quadrilaterals in plane.

Clearly, F2 ⊂ F1 , F3 ⊂ F1 and F4 ⊂ F1

∴ 𝐹1 = 𝐹1 ∪ 𝐹2 ∪ 𝐹3 ∪ 𝐹4

5. (c) Sets S, T and C can be represented in

Venn diagram as given below

From the diagram it is clear that S ∪ T ∪ C = S.

6. (d) Here, R be the set of points inside a rectangle of sides a and b. So, R = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 0 < 𝑥 < 𝑎 and 0 < 𝑦 < 𝑏}

7. (b) Suppose E is the set of persons who read English and H is the set of persons who read Hindi.
Here, 𝑛(U) = 840, 𝑛(H) = 450, 𝑛(E) = 300, 𝑛(H ∩ E) = 200

The number of persons who read neither = 𝑛(H ′ ∩ E ′ )

= 𝑛(H ∪ E)′ [(H ∪ E)′ = H ′ ∩ E ′ ]

= 𝑛(U) − 𝑛(H ∪ E) = 840 − [𝑛(H) + 𝑛(E) − 𝑛(H ∩ E)]

= 840 − (450 + 300 − 200) = 840 − 550 = 290

8. (a) By substituting the values of 𝑛, we get

X = (0,49,490, … ), Y = (0,49,98, … ) ∴ X ⊂ Y.

9. (c) Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be the two sets of news channel such that n(A) = 63, n(B) = 76, n(A ∪ B) = 100
Also, 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑥
Using, 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
⇒ 100 = 63 + 76 − 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 = 139 − 100 = 39
Again, n(A ∩ B) ≤ n(A) ⇒ x ≤ 63
∴ 39 ≤ x ≤ 63.
1
10. (c) The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑦 = −𝑥 do not intersect

11. (a)

𝐴 ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)

From the Venn diagram, it is clear that 𝐴 ∩ (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝐴

12. (b) 𝐴′ ∪ [(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) ∩ 𝐵 ′ ] = (𝐴′ ∪ [(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ′ ) ∪ (𝐵 ∩ 𝐵 ′ )]

 = 𝐴′ ∪ [(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ′ ) ∪ 𝜙] = 𝐴′ ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ′ )

= (𝐴′ ∪ 𝐴) ∩ (𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵 ′ ) = 𝑁 ∩ (𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵 ′ )

= 𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵 ′ = (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)′

[A ∩ B = 𝜙]

= 𝜙′ = N

13. (d) Here, S = {𝑥 ∣ 𝑥 is a positive multiple of 3 less than 100} So, n(s) = 33
Now, P = {𝑥 ∣ 𝑥 is a prime number less than 20}

Therefore, 𝑛(P) = 8 Hence, 𝑛( S) + 𝑛(P) = 33 + 8 = 41

Hence, 𝑛( S) + 𝑛(P) = 33 + 8 = 41

14. (c) 𝑋 ∩ (𝑋 ∪ 𝑌)′ = 𝑋 ∩ (𝑋 ′ ∩ 𝑌 ′ ) = (X ∩ 𝑋 ′ ) ∩ 𝑌 ′

= 𝜙 ∩ 𝑌′ = 𝜙

15. (b) ∵ Product of two even number is always even and product of two odd numbers is always odd.
∴ Number of required = Total number of subsets - Total number of subsets having only odd numbers

= 2100 − 250

= 250 (250 − 1)

16. (a)

% of people who reads A only = 25 − 8 = 17%

% of people who read B only = 20 − 8 = 12%

% of people from A only who read advertisement

= 17 × 0.3 = 5.1%

% of people from B only who read advertisement = 12 × 0.4 = 4.8%

% of people from A & B both who read advertisement

 = 8 × 0.5 = 4%

∴ total % of people who read advertisement

= 5.1 + 4.8 + 4 = 13.9%

17. (29) From the given conditions,

𝑛(𝐴) = 25, 𝑛(𝐵) = 7 and 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 3

𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 25 + 7 − 3 = 29

18. (832) A = {1,2,3,

and 𝐵 − 𝐶 = {3𝑘 + 1: 𝑘 ∈ event }

⇒ B − C = {7,13,19,

So, A ∩ B − C = {7,13,19, … … 97}

16
Sum of all elements = [7 + 97] = 832
2

19. (112) Given sets are 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} and 𝐵 = {3,6,7,9}

Total subset of 𝐴 = 27 = 128
Here, 𝐶 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝜙 when set 𝐶 contains the element 1,2,4,5.
Therefore, 𝑆 = {𝐶 ⊆ 𝐴; 𝐶 ∩ 𝐵 ≠ 𝜙}
Total number of elements = Total −(C ∩ B = 𝜙)
= 128 − 24 = 112

20. (c) |A| = 48, | B| = 25, |C| = 18

|𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶| = 60, |𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶| = 5
|A ∪ B ∪ C|
= ∑|𝐴| − ∑|𝐴 ∩ 𝐵| + |𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶|

⇒ ∑|𝐴 ∩ 𝐵| = 48 + 25 + 18 + 5 − 60 = 36
No. of men who received exactly 2 medals
∑|A ∩ B| − 3| A ∩ B ∩ C|
= 36 − 15 = 21
 EXERCISE -3
1. (c) Let those who opted for Nirma = 𝑎 and those who opted Surf Blue = 𝑏 and those who opted for none is 𝑛.
Hence 𝑎 = 20𝑘 and 𝑏 = 60𝑘, then 𝑛 = 100𝑘 − 20𝑘 − 60𝑘 = 20𝑘

The difference between those who opted for 'Surf blue' and those who were uncertain = 60𝑘 − 20𝑘 = 40𝑘 =
720 hence, 𝑘 = 18,

Hence total number of persons covered in survey

= 100𝑘 = 1800

2. (a) Given that, A = {𝑥: 𝑥 2 = 1} = {−1,1}

and B = {𝑥: 𝑥 4 = 1} = {−1,1, 𝑖, −𝑖}

Now, A − B = 𝜙 and B − A = {−𝑖, 𝑖}

∴ AΔB = (A − B) ∪ (B − A) = {−𝑖, 𝑖} = {𝑖, −𝑖}.

3. (b) Let 𝐴 = {𝜃: sin 𝜃 = tan 𝜃} and 𝐵 = {𝜃: cos 𝜃 = 1}

sin 𝜃
∴ 𝐴 = {𝜃: sin 𝜃 = cos 𝜃} = {𝜃: sin 𝜃(cos 𝜃 − 1) = 0} = {𝜃 = 0, 𝜋, 2𝜋, 3𝜋, …..

For B: cos 𝜃 = 1 ⇒ 𝜃 = 𝜋, 2𝜋, 4𝜋, … …

This shows that 𝐴 is not contained in 𝐵. i.e. 𝐴 ⊄ 𝐵. but B ⊂ A.

4. (d) We have 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) + 𝑛(𝐶) −𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) − 𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)
= 11 + 16 + 21 − 9 − 10 − n(C ∩ A) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)

= 29 − {n(C ∩ A) − n(A ∩ B ∩ C)}

Since 𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝐴) ≥ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)

We have 𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝐴) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) ≥ 0

From (i) and (ii) 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) ≤ 29

Now, 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

= 11 + 16 − 9 = 18

and 𝑛(𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝑛(𝐵) + 𝑛(𝐶) − 𝑛(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)

= 16 + 21 − 10 = 27

Since, 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) ≥ 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) and

 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) ≥ 𝑛(𝐵 ∪ 𝐶), we have

𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) ≥ 18 and 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) ≥ 27

Hence 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) ≥ 27

From (iii) and (iv) we obtain 27 ≤ 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) ≤ 29

Also 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) is a positive integer

∴ n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 27 or 28 or 29

5. (d) The given condition is as follows-

We know that {(𝑎 + 𝑑 + 𝑒 + 𝑔) + (𝑏 + 𝑑 + 𝑓 + 𝑔) + (c + e + f + g)} − (d + e + f) − 2 g = a + b + c +

d + e + f + g or 61x + 46x + 29x − 25x − 2 g = 97x

or 2 g = 14x or g = 7x

6. (c). A′ ∩ B′ ∩ C = only C
∴ (A′ ∩ B′ ∩ C) ∪ (B ∩ C) ∪ (A ∩ C) = C

7. (c) a + e + f + g = 23
b + d + f + g = 15
𝑐 + 𝑑 + 𝑒 + 𝑔 = 20
f + g = 7; d + g = 5
e+g=4
a+b+c+d+e+f+g
= 60 − 15 = 45
 By substitutions, a + e = 16, b + d = 8, b + f = 10, c + e = 15, c + d = 16

Also, 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 = 22

𝑎 + 𝑐 + 𝑒 = 30, 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑓 = 25

From these, we get

b = 6, a = 15, c = 14e = 1, d = 2, f = 4 and g = 3

Clearly (a) is not correct

for (b), 𝑎 + 𝑓 = 19 ⇒ (𝑏) is not correct

for (c), 𝑒 = 1 ⇒ (𝑐) is correct

8. (a)

a + e + f + g = 285, b + d + f + g = 195
c + d + e + g = 115, e + g = 45, f + g = 70, d + g = 50

a + b + c + d + e + f + g = 500 − 50 = 450

So, 𝑎 + 𝑓 = 240, 𝑏 + 𝑑 = 125, 𝑐 + 𝑒 = 65

a + e = 215, b + f = 145; b + c + d = 165

a + c + e = 255; a + b + f = 335

Solving we get

𝑏 = 95, 𝑐 = 40, 𝑎 = 190, 𝑑 = 30, 𝑒 = 25, 𝑓 = 50

and 𝑔 = 20

Desired quantity = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 325

9. (d) n(A ∪ B) is minimum when A ⊆ B. In this case, (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝐵 and hence minimum value of 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) =
𝑛(𝐵) = 7.
𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) is maximum when 𝐴 and 𝐵 are disjoint.

∴ Maximum value of 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 4 + 7 = 11.

 So 11 − 7 = 4

10. (a) Total number of persons = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑛 = 100

Do not prefer fish 𝑏 + 𝑛 = 50

60 prefer chicken hence 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 60

Do not like fish and chicken is 𝑛 = 10

On solving these equations we will get 𝑎 = 30, 𝑏 = 40, 𝑐 = 20

The number of persons who prefer both fish and chicken is = 𝑐 = 20

11. (d) NΔNp = (N − Np ) ∪ (NP − N)

= {1,2, … } ∪ {… − 2, −1} = I − {0}

12. (d) P = {𝜃: sin 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 = √2cos 𝜃}

sin 𝜃 = (√2 + 1)cos 𝜃, tan 𝜃 = √2 + 1

𝑄 = {𝜃: sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 = √2sin 𝜃}

cos 𝜃 = (√2 − 1)sin 𝜃 or tan 𝜃 = √2 + 1 ∴ 𝑃 = 𝑄

13. (b) We have, U = {x: x 5 − 6x 4 + 11x 3 − 6x 2 = 0},

= {0,1,2,3}
2
𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0} = {2,3}

and 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 0} = {1,2} ∴ 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {2}

Hence, (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)′ = 𝑈 − (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

= {0,1,2,3} − {2} = {0,1,3} ∴ n(A ∩ B)′ = 3

14. (b) Let 𝑀 be the set of students passing in Mathematics, P be the set of students passing in Physics and C be
the set of students passing in Chemistry.
Now, n(M ∪ P ∪ C) = 50, n(M) = 37, n(P) = 24,

n(C) = 43
 n(M ∩ P) ≤ 19, n(M ∩ C) ≤ 29, n(P ∩ C) ≤ 20 [given]

n(M ∪ P ∪ C) = n(M) + n(P) + n(C) − n(M ∩ P)

−𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝐶) − 𝑛(𝑃 ∩ 𝐶) + 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃 ∩ 𝐶) ≤ 50

⇒ 37 + 24 + 43 − 19 − 29 − 20 + n(M ∩ P ∩ C) ≤ 50

⇒ n(M ∩ P ∩ C) ≤ 50 − 36

⇒ n(M ∩ P ∩ C) ≤ 14

Thus, the largest possible number that could have passed all the three examinations, is 14 .

15. (c) Let 𝑛(𝑋) denote the number of elements in 𝑋. Then,

𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) + 𝑛(𝐶) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

−𝑛(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) − 𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = ∑n(A) − ∑n(A ∩ B) (∵ A ∩ B ∩ C = 𝜙)

Now,

𝐴Δ𝐵 = (𝐴 − 𝐵) ∪ (𝐵 − 𝐴) = (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) − (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

Therefore

n(AΔB) = n(A ∪ B) − n(A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B) − 2n(A ∩ B)

and 300 = ∑𝑛(𝐴Δ𝐵) = ∑[𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) − 2𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)] = 2[∑ n(A) − ∑ n(A ∩ B)]

Therefore n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = ∑ n(A) − ∑ n(A ∩ B) = 300/2 = 150

EXERCISE - 4
1. (15)n(A − B) = n(A) − n(A ∩ B) = 25 − 10 = 15.

2. (22) 𝑛(𝑀) = 23, 𝑛(𝑃) = 24, 𝑛(𝐶) = 19

𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃) = 12, 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝐶) = 9, 𝑛(𝑃 ∩ 𝐶) = 7

𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃 ∩ 𝐶) = 4

We have to find 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃′ ∩ 𝐶 ′ ), 𝑛(𝑃 ∩ 𝑀′ ∩ 𝐶 ′ ), 𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝑀′ ∩ 𝑃′ )

Now 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃′ ∩ 𝐶) = 𝑛[𝑀 ∩ (𝑃 ∪ 𝐶)]

 = 𝑛(𝑀) − 𝑛[(𝑀 ∩ (𝑃 ∪ 𝐶)]

= 𝑛(𝑀) − 𝑛[(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃) ∪ (𝑀 ∩ 𝐶)]

= 𝑛(𝑀) − 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃) − 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝐶) + 𝑛(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃 ∩ 𝐶)

= 23 − 12 − 9 + 4 = 27 − 21 = 6

𝑛(𝑃 ∩ 𝑀′ ∩ 𝐶 ′ ) = 𝑛[𝑃 ∩ (𝑀 ∪ 𝐶)]

= 𝑛(𝑃) − 𝑛[𝑃 ∩ (𝑀 ∪ 𝐶)]

= 𝑛(𝑃) − 𝑛[(𝑃 ∩ 𝑀) ∪ (𝑃 ∩ 𝐶)]

= 𝑛(𝑃) − 𝑛(𝑃 ∩ 𝑀) − 𝑛(𝑃 ∩ 𝐶) + 𝑛(𝑃 ∩ 𝑀 ∩ 𝐶)

= 24 − 12 − 7 + 4 = 9

𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝑀′ ∩ 𝑃′ )

= 𝑛(𝐶) − 𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝑃) − 𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝑀) + 𝑛(𝐶 ∩ 𝑃 ∩ 𝑀)

= 19 − 7 − 9 + 4 = 23 − 16 = 7

3. (2) a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h = 100
h=1

𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 50

b + c + d + f = 45

𝑑 + 𝑒 + 𝑓 + 𝑔 = 40

𝑏 + 𝑒 + 𝑓 = 32

Venn diagram showing failed students

On solving, we get 𝑑 = 2.

4. (45) Here 𝑛(M) = 55, 𝑛(P) = 67, 𝑛(M ∪ P) = 100

 since 𝑛(M ∪ P) = 𝑛(M) + 𝑛(P) − 𝑛(M ∩ P)

100 = 55 + 67 − 𝑛(M ∩ P)
𝑛(M ∩ P) = 122 − 100 = 22

∴ 𝑛 (Physics only) = 𝑛(P) − 𝑛(M ∩ P)

= 67 − 22 = 45

5. (31) Number of proper subsets of 𝐴 = 2𝑛 − 1

Given: A = {1,2,3,4,5} Here 𝑛 = 5

∴ No. of proper subsets = 25 − 1

6. (8) Given set is {(𝑎, 𝑏): 2𝑎2 + 3𝑏 2 = 35, 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍}

We can see that, 2(±2)2 + 3(±3)2 = 35

and 2(±4)2 + 3(±1)2 = 35

∴ (2,3), (2, −3), (−2, −3), (−2,3), (4,1), (4, −1), (−4, −1), (−4,1) are 8 elements of the set . ∴ n = 8.

7. (28) . 2𝑚 = 112 + 2𝑛 ⇒ 2𝑚 − 2𝑛 = 112

⇒ 2𝑛 (2𝑚−𝑛 − 1) = 24 (23 − 1)

∴ 𝑚 = 7, 𝑛 = 4 ⇒ 𝑚𝑛 = 28

8. (5) 𝐵 and 𝐶 will contain three digit numbers of the form 9𝑘 + 2 and 9𝑘 + ℓ respectively. We need to find sum
of all elements in the set 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 effectively.
Now, 𝑆(𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝑆(𝐵) + 𝑆(𝐶) − 𝑆(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) where 𝑆(𝑘) denotes sum of elements of set 𝑘.

Also 𝐵 = {101,109, … . . .992}

100
∴ 𝑆(𝐵) = (101 + 992) = 54650
2
Case-I : If ℓ = 2

then 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = 𝐵

∴ 𝑆(𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝑆(𝐵)

which is not possible as given sum is

274 × 400 = 109600.

Case-II : If ℓ ≠ 2
 then 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = 𝜙

∴ 𝑆(𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝑆(𝐵) + 𝑆(𝐶) = 400 × 274

⇒ 54650 + ∑110
𝑘=11 9𝑘 + ℓ − 109600

⇒ 9∑110 110
𝑘=11 𝑘 + ∑𝑘=11 ℓ = 54950

100
⇒ 9( (11 + 110)) + ℓ(100) = 54950
2
⇒ 54450 + 100ℓ = 54950 ⇒ ℓ = 5

9. (38)

𝑃 = {30,60,90,120}

⇒ 𝑛(𝑃) = 4

𝑄 = {6𝑛: 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁, 1 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 23} − 𝑃

⇒𝑛(𝑄) = 19
𝑅 = {15𝑛: 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁, 1 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 9} − 𝑃
⇒ 𝑛(𝑅) = 5
𝑆 = {10𝑛: 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁, 1 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 14} − 𝑃
⇒𝑛(𝑆) = 10
𝑛(𝑇) = 70 − 𝑛(𝑃) − 𝑛(𝑄) − 𝑛(𝑆) = 70 − 33 = 37
𝑛(𝑉) = 46 − 𝑛(𝑃) − 𝑛(𝑄) − 𝑛(𝑅) = 46 − 28 = 18
𝑛(𝑊) = 28 − 𝑛(𝑃) − 𝑛(𝑅) − 𝑛(𝑆) = 28 − 19 = 9
⇒ Number of required students
=140 − (4 + 19 + 5 + 10 + 37 + 18 + 9)
=140 − 102 = 38
10. (16) 𝑛(𝑁) = 12, 𝑛(𝑃) = 16, 𝑛(𝐻) = 18 and 𝑛(𝑁 ∪ 𝑃 ∪ 𝐻) = 30
Now, 𝑛(𝑁 ∪ 𝑃 ∪ 𝐻) = 𝑛(𝑁) + 𝑛(𝑃) + 𝑛(𝐻)

−n(N ∪ P) − n(P ∪ H) − n(N ∪ H) + n(N ∩ P ∩ H)

 30 = 12 + 16 + 18 − n(N ∪ P) − n(P ∪ H) − n(N ∪ H) + 0

∴ n(N ∪ P) + n(P ∪ H) + n(N ∪ H) = 46 − 30 = 16.

11. (11) Given 𝑆 = {4,6,9) and 𝑇 = {9,10,11 … . .1000}

Where, 𝐴{𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + ⋯ . +𝑎𝑘 : 𝐾 ∈ 𝑁}&𝑎𝑖 ∈ 𝑆
Here by the definition of set ' 𝐴 '
𝐴 = {𝑎: 𝑎 = 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 9𝑧}
Except the element 11 , every element of set 𝑇 is of the form 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 9𝑧 for some 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ∈ 𝑊
∴ T − A = {11}

12. (107) ∵ Apply Demorgan's law (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)′ = 𝐵 ′ ∩ 𝐶 ′

Complement of set 𝐵 containing subsets of 𝐴 which do not contains 2 but element 1.

And C′ is a set containing subsets of A whose sum of elements is not prime.

So, we need to calculate number of subsets of {3,4,5,6,7}

whose sum of elements plus 1 is composite.

Number of 5 elements subset = 1

Number of 4 elements subset which does not include 3 or 7 = 3

Number of 3 elements subset = 6 (except selecting {3,4,5), {3,6,7}, {4,5,7} or {5,6,7})

Number of 2 elements subset = 7 (except selecting {3,7}, {4,6}, {5,7} )

Number of 1 elements subset = 3 (except selecting {4} or {6} )

Number of 0 elements subset = 1

Here, n(B′ ∩ C′ ) = 1 + 3 + 6 + 7 + 3 + 1 = 21

Therefore, 𝑛(𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 27 − 21 = 107

13. (5264) Sum of elements in 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵

=⏟
(2 + 4 + 6 + ⋯ + 200) − ⏟
(6 + 12 + ⋯ + 198 − ⏟
(10 + 20 + ⋯ + 200) + ⏟
(30 + 60 + ⋯ + 180
Multiple of 2 Multiple of 2&3 i.e. 6 Multiple of 5&2 i.e. 10 Multiple of 25 \& 3 i.e. 30

= 5264