Art 19

Polity & Constitution

LECTURE-3F : Topic 3: Comparative Overview
Theme 3 :
PREAMBLE, FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS, DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY, FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

Atish Mathur

Website : atishmathur.com | Telegram : Atish Mathur Official | Email : contact@atishmathur.com

 Prelims PYQ Analysis (2011-2022)
Year No of
Q’s
2022 2 Constitutional Amendment Procedure, Writs (Mandamus & Quo Warranto)
2021 6 Titles (Bharat Ratna & Padma Awards), Equality Before Law(application of arbitrary law), State, Right to
Privacy, Right to Property, DPSP Identification (Concentration of Wealth)
2020 7 Preamble(enforceability), Untouchability(right identification), Welfare State(DPSP Identification), DPSP
enforceability, Separation of Judiciary(DPSP Identification), UDHR correlation, Legal Services(DPSP),
2019 2 Right to Marry, Liberty Definition,
2018 3 Rule of Law(Equality), Law & Liberty(Preamble), Right to Privacy,
2017 10 Liberty phrases(Preamble), Preamble Quote, Equality theory(Preamble-absence), Right to vote & be
elected, Rights correlative with duties, Rights(Classification-Against State), Exploitation(Inclusions),
Duties(enforceability), DPSP(enforceability), DPSP(Additions),
2016 0
2015 2 DPSP(Purpose), FD(Uphold sovereignty & integrity- Identification)
2014 2 Constitutional Government, DPSP (Intl peace-Identification),
2013 3 Economic Justice(Identification), FR Purpose(Identification-fundamental to governance), NALSA(DPSP),
2012 3 Right to Environment-NGT(FR), DPSP(Identification-Gandhian), FD Identification,
2011 2 UDHR Components, FD Identification
 Mains PYQ (2013-2022)
Year Question
2013 The Supreme Court of India keeps a check on arbitrary power of the Parliament in amending the Constitution.
Discuss critically.
2013 Discuss Section 66A of IT Act, with reference to its alleged violation of Article 19 of the Constitution. (10/150)
2014 What do understand by the concept “freedom of speech and expression”? Does it cover hate speech also? Why
do the films in India stand on a slightly different plane from other forms of expression? Discuss. (12.5/200)
2014 Starting from inventing the ‘basic structure’ doctrine, the judiciary has played a highly proactive role in ensuring
that India develops into a thriving democracy. In light of the statement, evaluate the role played by judicial
activism in achieving the ideals of democracy.
2015 Discuss the possible factors that inhibit India from enacting for its citizen a uniform civil code as provided for in
the Directive Principles of State Policy. (12.5/200)
2015 Does the right to clean environment entail legal regulation on burning crackers during Diwali? Discus in the light
of Article 21 of Indian Constitution and judgements of the apex in this regard.
2016 Discuss each adjective attached to the word ‘Republic’ in the ‘Preamble’. Are they defendable in the present
circumstances? (12.5/200)
2016 What was held in the Coelho case? In this context, can you say that judicial review is of key importance amongst
the basic features of the Constitution? (12.5/200)
2017 Examine the scope of Fundamental Rights in the light of the latest judgement of the Supreme Court on Right to
Privacy. (15/250)
Year Question
2018 x
2019 What can France learn from the Indian Constitution’s approach to secularism? (10/150)
2019 Parliament’s Power to amend the Constitution is a limited power and it cannot be enlarged into absolute power.
In light of this statement explain whether Parliament under Article 368 of the Constitution can destroy the Basic
Structure of the Constitution by expanding it’s amending power. (15/250)
2020 x
2021 ‘Constitutional Morality’ is rooted in the Constitution itself and is founded on its essential facets. Explain the
doctrine of ‘Constitutional Morality’ with the help of relevant judicial decisions
2021 Analyze the distinguishing features of the notion of Equality in the Constitutions of the USA and India (15/250)
2022 “The most significant achievement of modern law in India is the constitutionalization of environmental problems
by the Supreme Court.” Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws. (10/150)
2022 “Right of movement and residence throughout the territory of India are freely available to the Indian citizens,
but these rights are not absolute. “ Comment. (10/150)
 Theme 3 : Preamble, FRs, DPSPs, FDs
• Topic 1 : Outline, Approach, PYQ Analysis
• Topic 2 : Classifications (P1-P2) (M1.1-M1.5)
• Topic 3 : Comparative Overview (P1-P2, P6) (M1.1-M1.5)
• Topic 4 : State & Sovereignty (P1-P2) (M1.1-M1.5)
• Topic 5 : Equality (P1-P2) (M1.1-M1.5, M4)
• Topic 6 : Freedoms (P1-P2) (M1.1-M1.5, M4)
• Topic 7 : Life & Liberty (P1-P2) (M1.1-M1.5, M4)
• Topic 8 : Relationship between Equality, Freedom, Life &
Liberty (P1-P2) (M1.1-M1.5)
• Topic 9 : Criminal Justice Rights (P1-P2) (M1.1-
M1.5)
• Topic 10 : Exploitation (P1-P2) (M1.1-M1.5)
• Topic 11 : Secularism (P1-P2) (M1.1-M1.5, M4)
• Topic 12 : Minorities (P1-P2) (M1.1-M1.5)
• Topic 13 : Constitutional Remedies (P1-P2) (M1.1-
M1.5, M4)
• Topic 14 : Doctrine of Basic Structure (P1-P2)
(M1.1-M1.6, M3.1, M4)
• Topic 15 : Conflict between FRs & DPSPs (P1-P2)
(M1.1-M1.6, M3.1, M4)
• Topic 16 : Reforms to FRs, DPSPs, FDs. (P1-P2)
(M1.1-M1.6)
 Prelims Syllabus
Code (P)

• Indian Polity (P1)and Governance-

• Constitution, (P2)
• Political System, (P3)
• Panchayati Raj, (P4)
• Public Policy (Common to Polity, Governance, and Social Justice) (P5)
• Rights Issues, etc. (Common to Polity, Governance, and Social Justice) (P6)
 Mains Syllabus - (Code – M)
General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.
• Indian Constitution—
• historical underpinnings, (M1.1)
• evolution, (M1.2)
• features, (M1.3)
• amendments, (M1.4)
• significant provisions (M1.5) and
• Basic structure (M1.6)
• Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the
States (M2.1), issues and challenges pertaining to the
federal structure (M2.2)
• devolution of powers and finances up to local
levels and challenges therein. (M2.3)
• Separation of powers between various organs ;
(M3.1)
• Dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.
(M3.2)
• Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with
that of other countries. (M4)
• Parliament and State legislatures—
• Structure, (M5.1)
• functioning, (M5.2)
• conduct of business (M5.3)
• powers & privileges (M5.4) and issues arising out of
these. (applies to all)
• Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive
(M6.1.1…) and the Judiciary (M6.2.1…)—Ministries and
Departments of the Government (M6.1.1…) ; pressure groups
and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
• Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act. (M7.1)
• Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers,
functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
(M8.1)
• Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies. (M9.1)
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