WEL BBovas porn Loses | Goeeps | fe A nen emply fot G hoger wtih He. detary opereton & Ve yk) taal a. group if Aabtfed tx felony oh (1) for ath asb eG, anheG. C Clebure f B turer +) Gi) Ae atpeiative prpetty! fr alt a5 66, a4 bac]= (aah) & C iii) Po -erciflence of an Jolntity: Phene mets © e0 wth axe = exe ca fpr all alcG Civ). Etidkenee of 2 incited! for bah 2&6 ther of ar Cement hes, Such tat axh = bra=2 further tore , if eth = bya. F2/6€Q, Hoar GW celle a. bommnulahve or abletan pur el C2n4) , (01) yt) ard C671) ar groups a cnt) and (2,4) a2 not gnxeph “wher. “0 A tfecad mth plicahon - i Ue te f rakenad neconrbard 2xcbocking 3x00 tb ats abelicars gee? vurda vfuch muthpllahon , gider Ax UE Wt G we ger utdhir the cpenetory x fhe peember 2 of elemert HG y Called the otic af Mu group Cy art Bi ole by 0) or IG! of 6 has 1 element? 1 then ofBJ=n. ea finite poten 6 i= Fact poup citrate dt dae a free wet). Jf te elemenk att, ubile OU a. group ptt h see De, hee petied tnkyer’ >; gan qinne Called the onder of He Lemont 2 and 4 » denokd by 0G) If 00 buch enkyy 27th ae a inferte Bl lo v7 aX” (anh) xfaxb)= cara) x brb). ar(baers)) = ax(an(br)) bx (arb) = ax (heb) bx (ath) = (arb) xh- (bra) xb = (ath) ab . bras ath. “ f ebhian ere? , btG bea qrup ard Poe Hua Grup unker He. beraey operahon fG then da fubgroup ofp (eR) Lab Halk i bahiper Ha 1eelO/x) bea rr ord $eG & following conden ciel of) ech, Whur e° of oe Ielerhty of (Ox) (li) et any ae ates Chih) Por ares , axb eS fry (U4) 8 Cotud a. Sebgrosp of (6,) xl. fe Lt of att lntgert 2 da &. ahi. nada el Aubert Ro urder feat actd/hon 9 a 2 tie) (af da &. bymep of CR4). aren ft da men ey debt ot pomp 0, thn Hm fobgroap of & itt U) frat ashen abeH ard Ci) forall ach; wen.Poh Ht da. Fedgroup G2 WG a gmap ender fe ae Serauy opeonbsn. Soe fo by Ke Aefribion of bubgrep 4 Cheat feak O) fpr alt apbtH > abe and (ii) forall ath salep). Concer fal we atfume Hab Ut Japl Ui) ac bre ve hens Bo pmee HY a Sub grmep og. frayhcen. baee beg > ghee. albe)s (abIc. CY! fpciahve law hold, £aen aleH 2 adley 40) Deen. So hte grup Kae Hida Seb greep FG. theme @ . 8 da gmp P74 He with W irik, Hap Hd a Labgioep Of 6 Hard only if HY cloted tpder tHe. Senay eprrehor Go - M es. ee o. Subgroup FHD> Hoa qrep ~ we have fy pre Hu cloted unter Ho Serey operbhors of for alk ajS&# => abeH (+) Hoja Schgroepoft) cena tiely HG Usted urder phe beroey Bperaher of G fe 4abtH D> aheH. fo pre! fda fidgnep $6, U) Clepee Property | Farr atl ajbeH > abew CY Hea), ti) Mfpeahee der! Adfouohic Low bolls th 6 i& folly tn H af ext tit) XiSfence. of iclerbty ! Jf ath ; Hen atl= ah [HF CH Secause. of tht Ushalondivion - dof Cencllahon no, ah cab, => bobs fo fauje [H). with anc ard (AHI a/b), fotloot Paver H doing fincle Hak aha y. Mach , thes ot be Hur abza,. ££ (G6) absasae do b=e ant H pfs Jolink ty tly) Gelflenee of chuurhe ! Vue pe =ay j thee UO an ebmunk CH Such Hak acoe hen ceay> = cca)cead = C(atja =\ (6ejas le =e, Jo tase ard coa7éH conteyrrtty by Prrewjot Phere Hd a dudgroup fo. fheonen . Sf AK ae fubgrept fe group G 1 Her Honk os allo a Subpwup of G- peeohe- Guten Hk $e feo Subarupt of Gy To pmve Hnk fa fe fe Jo pret HOKAP apd aj Hnk > acblepy fen Hank ax Subsoupt of => fe idirbty Cherrenk 2b Hart pt abeHnk > “HOKE. arheH art afhOkK > aoklex ard abtek CC) Hard k ac. Sucks 9 S acktetnk. apbeHnk 2 arb? ebnk. Heree Hak da bby nup ofS.HG de gimp, prtaybea ti) a ae Oe prof ti) Sine a6 aij Ha inverte of and ays Uneeode of at fo axa? Brea s(a) ip (a) te alee fe alya = a? x(at x &. wel A (ii) fo preue the ineerfe of axb ub bay! Contider (arb)e (svat) < ax thr $4) xan! = arexal = Ayal se . New lobfider (Slat) x(a 4h) 2 29 eee = Ss nexh = bybcw fence (045) x(Mral) = (brat) ta xb) =e Je bleat i te inecerte of arb 2. (ath) '= bhat ee Prove thak a po u abelian F¥ a/SeG feed onky If ab ab cy) (abd? ab! (ti) Le G be a abelian Areup se 4 apes Dab=b- Topmove (ab)'= ab” he (abllah) = atha)b = alabJb = Ga )(b4) , @b)% al? Conwertely Lt (abj*2 a°b* # apse To prove. Hab GY ap abelar ED aE (4b)ab) = (aa) (bb) a (hajb= a (abJb ban ah 2 ab=ba bs Merce O cj an abelah group. ty by invent) 2 al ya ce50k @). Copa, beG ; bat'= abt) pay ath tnecrely Lt C08) 0I5 4 ashes O | To Pree Gg ebetion Je tb Pree Hat abe ha kay $€G _ he cok ia ie Ae oe, “nd Chala ath) IBY GC frm QandO), Bee DOC ‘by @ ard). > beak 2 ah = ba Here Q dG an abelion Grup. 2 thy tthe. Leb Z Not 2 group under subbrahior . Joli Budrebiorn 5 rot an allgiahve (Cord ) Senary speak for z ex! 41876 OZ G-o)-b =F pA-G-6) 2S, he let = $108 |Z 4-14. dete He binary operahion 0 9G 4y Moy = M4E +MY. PT (6,07 W an ahelan Arp. fof'- fro prove (6,0) J an akelian CG) Cetme » ee mye hen KAT anf yt] ue mya ; —. Heya] then At YF MY=—I | set HY HH Ez se ayCY Awiaee ! tee my 2 @ To Prue ' Kely2) = (Hoy Jo2 Mo Cyo2) = MeCYF2 HYD) = mtyr ety? PAGANO Hyp (Hoy p 2 = (ott PH g)o2 Sty AMY FZ FIZ tye Hye tol yor) = rogJo2 cid Wenbty « Hemet thus tigt 206 fuch Heb HERR > Ape¢ me =X > ecltyjao- 2 @=o She x%FA-1 tiv) Grucrde ! oc6e thane ence? oclels Suh Hak aM Ce. > xtuTeHnI = 0 0 ez0) S i) ae Hig > me Cine") ben Be ae 1 fhe tnt of x = (0) eras, (uJ. Abetian ? Hinge , Hey = yore Dep MAGE HY and ponm Yu ye = KAP NY ats ee yen Henee (G,0] an ahelan Grup). 5. Depa the beuraty operebion © on 2 by biog = eye Veify Yhat (2,0) JG an akelian grep Su! Stirilex fo prob. Not. 6. Find the element op phe {ep Uso ard Uy « fhe groups of- mae fir He mrp (29,;t10) and (24g pte) crespech ol! "Def ak EW ey an walker >1 , Hen Ke feb-of ath Pohetice Pi cdits es A ard Tetaboely prime f ss adeno by Uy or ven)" x. 2h = £ M127 3, 4S, 6,704 then = Li, 24% 5) ARE Wy = £3) 719, Mp3, laying thy = f{ WS Fy MiB, IP) 11) 234, des.ioe # FF al lymph tnt of tx Bay rept CG) tii) ¢2¢,4) ee PG a firik Cyt grup of oneker Ppt: dah eivityr dfn Hex Ga Up hadgmp Of a ; OU) Seee 2 4 lyitle cfrarder Mh p thee tf a ale bgpop> comesporcleng fo ach divider of 1D. 0 Hee ace “6 fubgrou pl i een rt fco1,c04 , fe, 24, HY, Bt , ; Poop, C2) 061, 004, £ 09, 009,°49 , £4), 0p) Led} and 2 Ban theinetal fede! _ oie ty | Coir h Ap| 4] 2] 314? fy | + | fol [4 é| [o ALA Tel ol 13 | PF lols! 7 ° 2 \ a oe lo [+ oat o jolx tt | S| ° from He bled we fd Hrak My a ons} Ay: fo 4,04 hy 0) 3/ IF My Leper 6lld | ax Cops under t . eS = >| | | tls [+ a r=|8] aa a So mae > oe Pre } eo he) | | | 1 = i—t haa oS o| \ ss | s pis iS: t|> las| 9) 0 Prolie lo [#1 4 87 Gi), 22 £29, 6,0, 39,049,209} be fy 2 LGICTY and A= fC), CICA a alt x. hen ) of C24t) . ie biutel Sebgrof pa PCAITAIT Mora emt 4 |Ced_ C31) ‘ao lpey [ca 144 Of G, My ord Hy ane. etl |e, 9 C39 tips | ya) bog) “AY ic3)| £33) (2 HJ Cy lca 2. CHy 4) ard (ty te) me babg rough op ley), > SS =ieee ae grup Se be = ac oe p28 gel ee ral Sokrmnine. «A, Bob jh4 pl eh copy (nS anh phy Aol i) xp = Te Sette Me gos a Se 4 Se Ma Soh OG I pea 22 oyyrr a rag 128 Gr? AC: ae iti) oS okt Nin Gt iii) a a Re Bee ite 1824S eer, ioe Lene tiv) py =p Pie Bas > sca 124 S38 oS es s | Wels [1 3 3 y $ 3 (4% ag’ é 2 48 UE ee 4 ai} ij eee | 2 ag BU (ke) (ieee Bi (b0 = fl 4S ms edit Saban a cers) 4, uh We | 22 gS Ups a test 5 fet Si a ) tin) pA" = srt} (st tad er ux find (og) tb BUT whith O cnuerte eweerdel Mass,m, | ard | jee f aayrd id [1t 345k | tii) 2 8 Aap ay rae 61S 344 645 cals gusty (9 (124 eh vip [1 28 45k) pa ¢4es, AS 13 64 ALS 168 (id (IAS 858) lf 12 128456) i) [113 406 36444) 564 $3) ONS 1 aay, to. Find all m to Ui) C2Qhe) doa Hak 20) Bho) aii) C2pi0) civ) (up, °) dole Wee et 2h eu that a0 ti) Jin 2e oe rer wader tudb) ey pliahor Melute ( bre hans HP j(irodS) > 9412 6Cwal) 2 (nH) = 0 Uned 5). 2 met Uno) 0% x BAI) Jem 2 &Modlf) | _ ne! ard x24. i) ee x62" fash frat 2H) fine 2B ya, ae nucthptafion Mreduto fy * hawe 44 Hoel) - : D120 (mod) | =D ("4) (14) 2 old). DH 12 othe) or 412 6 Cheol). ef or bal P :i PD wt) 20(nolp) 2 (oc (o-1) <0 (wel) ; > x12 olmalp) (or) 4 -1E (moclp J. D> pei nodp) (0) 22 1bralp). fo Met, HEP. (iv) (p= £13, 574 Mere lot ut Pind Hea rete Of ach element le [7 [3 [S| FI pre G2) and 2 | | 4 Lpeebs| + Please 7) | sient F| = i a aaa Hence yas ard m=S. Ihe Sous Hat fhe fet of pied mohiond C Syponeetoed J of a Syprore with He benony opetabor of Composihors Ub an fotr abelian he, ae J clurenfional mohenh flak ard preserwe fhe Shape mohers > tenner 6 freed 3 ere te Shape of tangle. 4 bop jared x PS ee as proterucd ager aojehor, but Ha . ey 2 1 fabetticg 1 Changed oo fhe Hebe of a dylrinelaett Crd mons Jef a Fyne tal U FS Gtte fey fay fr rfe, feted 1 a ipo be the Serauy operation anf aleined 04 (fog) (m= paged) easy (iki) C34. Meher: Hyd thea ae oe i oe fs pene oh frofy = ‘eel ol ep eee (28)- afp like Het, Grmpute, al funchor Conpohipons . Poa. Suyrnretned cmd mohors) fa Syuar (Apparels aun, He. Mf ce he. evtee Hhwrgh 90 Ih’ 39> , So ard tofatie! adek dapapetd ore Sidectoth of Hea. Soles ) | paid Motions inufabions Of omc ld) ‘ (athe) [ae Verhies AP ee 1234 oe ry ely Lose feet Oy : nee =) smn yo i Gi ae te 1, ie fe at at. a. (y 3 “e ‘ | Pepe = ait A Zag y Pf eepee ‘eae aFatal elas fr [fe | fe | 4 1B fy | fe - fs S| fet fe Ble hh | +|6l fl) nih |f |A | 6 fp [fel h if) fr) fy AIS 1, | Ci) Chofeus.! AU He entrrt i Me fable bolergs top. Henee F Uu Gi) Pefaiatine ! lot AF folhob) = felt) =f Chefedeh - fete =% Hence. abfeciatom property oO bbe. (lit) fe idenbly eu fy cy) Saurade rane) ete fy fr fy fo ff ae fees he f-\ eradaae fous (Fis) de qr Corninafehre ¢ fy off = Fp atd frofy =e A fy te F fh (Red bd me on abhor 9 wepVeorenveretedets Keomerehiin etl byekie geht @ fa Hf (6,0) and by #) ace grupt ard f° G2H, then f & Catled a gop homoneorphsdin if fore ah eG, Hahj= fla) x pb) fheorerr.! Jf fia. hemonectphilin from a group (6, x) Spe, (eee. Herr prrve thal a) fice whet te! ce the Ilenhbiel of & and 6 respecte. aid faj= [tad] for aul 2&6 tri) plerd= [pl]” iv? Len be baby at lene eo ard Lo, HAIFA: ec, BE och be any element bed > flaxd= fla) > flare fiel = fla) ee) fied = flaleé en of ODN gs Yt copfechs Ben agesa I tr ¢de emrohet phd ro te and ele identty OO) & Aft cantellabor ta DO ve wh fide! any elepent fen age! satea 2é planat= HO # fla) ficne Cty ON ard plalya) afte) feel) flala€! a fle) 4 phe inuente. of fla) ote 3S [pale te) (iii) To pre flat) = [pray]” Ltée be 4 element OE ae heey Hal) aflelce” Bee, le > plerdelfaly” capes) Pa a poppe categer ; ther ie Dek oc Copnet) fladj= plararar ek! 2 flax plain .--xfla ) a 3 flan) = Lp] Gi) wet 266 bea & a repehive lntege then 2-0 , 170 Hele HE) = fT] = 6 OT ee ; ' +. fla) = = [Frag]? +4 a ard nez. iy re tO. H4¢) A Corhecrt at ee Hie jth). hen 2 fn), ott ov 2 la atbEH 2 Flach) eftHd D flaln ftbJEfth) 2 any erlH). Lb fh) toed updet x ard "l= Chall = fll) eft) beaute a eh uber alG- 3 fil ae Lebgroup of G yen: wee (6,009 yx) da hemomatptlt? ; Mer fh an Hornecr phiSir if iE of one-to-one ard bhto. Sn the Cate. BiH au bid Pe Momnot( phi - ac gee ‘ . # Ef ee ) lad “yhe If Hex u an Clerrenk 2G ae ae for each 2 ? pr tome nez. Such 4 - pe be a 7 ea ip 409 =5 xO Dn a grup B= Epis if ¢ pre 207 = fin lnc teae jp ffm a gererotor fG tel) - A meph ee ce aza=G tall Ge it Hesee 2924 cap clearwe an abetian fr Cyn) be Celio foe wast, pence APs ed ae. pezek and yeal for integers Keone peo ge [? aknat * ae ao an oak ah ger e 2. Or) 4 on abelan qf - t fhegrere | Evry fubqmoup ofa Yolo grup 4 eyetie. n-th G = Lar. ub He a fubgnoup of He Leh, Hers tre cmputt y buted, My nd tet. let bbe the Sralletl pofelee itp Seth Yate glen. ve tayo that H=Laky wee beh, Her b= aS for fore fez bg = alpors Har ve have fegti her BiTEA ard osrze. mr alts q a= SGt i a 2 ate als dat | abel] PCY) ie Cu bey ant At) % Bak bu the Lwallst posclie inky feck Hal oe DY-o bene 4246 D> be ab= nt Rie ee foe ZA @ Gyo grep. Gobet and lapeoge! Uheorser. ps Clap aed fi copet) y at Cyr) bee fabgrmep of (6/4): fi ong 286 the Ue pA abnolel by AxH ard it i obpinad by anit hae te aile (WX) be a tebgmup F (5A). for arg 266 the.@) ange totee of H abnoled 44 Hra art it of defined £4 the je Haa = fo hra /heny OQ. for B= (2x ,t) , fiod tha loteH clekerwined Sy Has dabgpoup He 0317. Do Lkewee for the. Sidgroup K= ZE4I7« ; foi (1) Ty clepertrcre, the Cob of Suedgrep Ae 408]7 Be grup G = (2qy +). ye brow Hat By, 2 fC0I 01,091,023]... LEIG ard. Zpay7 22 630, C8),041, 021, OFT, Gel, Car, £24] = eih Vues tha. dep tetee Of H =20]7 © Ge C2y,t) ae (ole = (J +£C8],C6) Cr ,04], C15], C4] cn Cag]ecel} = fs) 04,00 02] OF] Ce] £01) £969- Ca} att > cen = C+ £023,070 00,00] C019 24] =} 2 $l4), 071, C101,08),08), (4) 20],00 5 (0p = ia) +£037,06) /CICI4} Os] Le] C10 LY]-LIf ) = $09), 89,019,049, 09) C2) CII L2IF Wi) we bons thee CIF L LI CI L9IC) C409 C4] 41} 249 (29 159 CHI CE 044) BI} eke G)tk = crf C47 607 0129 C67 C&T L149: BIS faye os) 09 9 oF.tae pi |_ Ce), DL. ; aYy i (44, £09,018, C16] 4,10} Cel $l) 00,C15T,00) £24) EST | Yate Hf H Ua Subgroup f He. fire grep, hen for eb, jes [2H =H 5 p Since ah = feb /heny > fakfe JH]. Jf [eH fe Til jue have abj=ahj with hify difinck ehemerls “ty of tancellaton tr & we thar get the. Cantar ecichor hi =6j fp we fave [ai= 1H). lemma’ 3 Ha ubyrup of He frete ark 9 ste ee aybeG eier ah = SH on) aD bh=d. ys Gene Hak tHe ary fis age Cor ft) Cool of H OB Epler Yfou tdenticed * ome 2G. ie ay bee we have fy proce Hat Hap Hb of and. Haw 2H xb- Suppose year Hab #4 - Mp Haeme eect ap lpn me Heap xh @ KeHka ard y¢ Exh D Hana Ht 2O ach Hane Htbo© CL uleng Lemma), C Pesos @ we haue Has bAb fom Beside pitino arcsD2 Mtid nt tH (Khir), D2 km 2 Mek 2 2G) = hie ge 4 a ued eee. lt @ de a finite grup of order 0 ard H fe ang be FG thon He order of H deviled the order of G. tr. tg ed Subgroup Wofpa Pnize Qe divider oft the ones of Hx group Ie BY cH) =k. Prsof et (6,47 bea group whete onda GNIe BJen. Le (ha) bea Subsmrup of b chote order db rn teohJ=W- lee has => bars be the Hy obiffrrené Cemanlh of #. might Cote Hea of HOG 4 bpred by Hxa = Lh xa, bare ; Amma f whee pee Sine thee Ja ohe- ope Comtporctenee Soham the elewrertt of H and Hxa foe element? of Haa ae deHinck. Nene 24h He ctl of HG had hihhet clgnentt Y flo ux brow that any ght CL FH BG an ter adiyoint oF lolephiCed C “ from tena). » fhe Nuwrker of clef nek mnghl totel of COM Arte fay ¢ Sour G 4 frek- [he union of Kote ki cifnk tout of HBG chaps hG ae ue Hate K ithe aight crtet Jo Hxey, Hana pn Way Fun Ge xa, VAKADU.-- Ve ag 0B) = CHA) ¢ CHI) 4 Ho (Hx ag). d a