DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL

Height of wall above the general ground level = 7.5 m

Safe bearing capacity of the soil (P)= 200 KN/m²
Angle of response of the soil = 30˚
Weight of soil (w)= 18000 N/m³ Moist soil
Surcharge load (s) = 3 KN

Spacing of Counterfort 0.3-0.5 of H

= 0.4x7.5
= 3m
Use M20 Grade of Concrete and Fe500
Fck= 25
fy= 500
p kN w kN
1. Depth of Foundation = 𝑝/𝑤 [(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛Φ)/(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛Φ)]² 160 18

0.98765432
Hence, Provide depth of wall = 1.2 m

Overall height of wall = 8.7 m

A) Thickness of base slab

i) 41.7 L√H = 368.99 mm
ii) 41.7 L√H = 480 mm

Hence Provide a thickness of 500mm for base slab

So, actual height of the upright slab (h)= 8.7-0.5
= 8.2 m
B) Width of the base slab
This may be taken as 0.6H-0.7H
0.6H= 4.92
0.7H= 5.74
Provide a base slab width of (B) 5.5 m

Toe projection
This may be taken as one fourth of the base width ,i.e
1/4*B 1.375

Provide toe projection of 1m

Lateral pressure intensity at the bottom of upright slab

P= Cpwh
= 49200 N/m²
With surcharge load (P)= 52200
Considering the bottom 1m deep strip of upright slab.
Maximum bending moment on strip (M) = PL²/12
 39150 Nm

Ultimate moment (Mult)max = 1.5xM

= 58725

(Mult)max = 0.138 fck bd²

.: d = 130.4673872 mm
‫ ؞‬Provide a thickness of 200mm

Actual effective depth d= 200-40= 160 mm

B b1
Stability Calculation per metre run of the wall 3.8 1.57
Trial-1
Load due to Magnitude of load N
h b ‫ץ‬L
w1 8.2 0.23 25000 47150
w2 0.5 3.8 25000 47500
Wb 8.2 8.2 18000 1210320
W4 0.7 1.57 18000 19782
Wc 2.5 0.23 25000 2 14375
Moment due to lateral load
CpxwH²/2 Cp h ‫ץ‬
0.5 0.33333 8.2 18000 201717.9828

Total Σ+V= 1339127

Σ-V= 201717.9828

Distance of the point of application of the resultant force from the heel end a

𝑧=(Σ+𝑀)/(Σ+𝑉)

2011297.47
=
1339127
1.50194677
Eccentricity (e) 𝑒=𝑧−𝑏/2

B/6=
e= -0.39805323 m<B/6
Extream Pressure intencity at the base
𝑝=Σ𝑉/𝐵(1±6𝑒/𝐵)

‫ ؞‬Pmax= 130915.4846 N/m² 130.91548462

‫ ؞‬Pmin= 573888.1996 N/m131 573.88819959
Fos of safety against overturning

𝐹𝑂𝑆 𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔= (Σ 𝑀)/(Σ 𝑉) >1.5

 = 1.50194676556
FOS of safety against overturning
𝐹𝑂𝑆 𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔=µ (Σ+𝑉)/(Σ− 𝑉) >1

2.9873744603

C) Design of upright slab

Maximum B.M. for a 1m deep strip of the slab (M)= 39150
Ultimate Moment (Mult)max= 58725
Clear cover ©= 38 D= 230
Effective depth d= 192 mm

𝑀𝑢=0.87 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑑 (1−(𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑦)/(𝑏 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘)) IS 456:2000,G-1.1

‫؞‬ Ast = 764.33091 mm²

Taking 12Φ Bar

Area of one bar Aø = 113.04 mm
Spacing of 12mm Φ bars = 𝐴𝜙𝑥𝑏/(𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑)

= 147.894058 mm
Provide 12mm ø bars @ 125 mm c/c
Distribution steel
= 0.12% of bD
276 mm²

Taking 8Φ Bar
Area of one bar 113.04 Aø
Spacing of 8mm Φ bars = 𝐴𝜙𝑥𝑏/(𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑) 12

= 409.565217 mm
‫؞‬ 200 mm
Provide 8mm ø bars @ 200 mm c/c

D) Design of Base slab

Maximum Bending moment (M)max= 937466.2437

Ultimate Bending Moment (Mult)max= 1.5xMmax
1406199.366
Effective depth d= 450-40 410 mm

(Mult)max = 0.138 fck bd²

.: d = 327.5081433 mm
Provide effective depth of 450mm
Clear cover 40
Overall depth (D)= 500 mm
Effective depth(d)= 460

𝑀𝑢=0.87 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑑 (1−(𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑦)/(𝑏 𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘)) IS 456:2000,G-1.1

Ast= 7711.378503 mm² on two layer=

Taking 12Φ Bar
Area of one bar Aø = 113.04 mm
Spacing of 12mm Φ bars = 𝐴𝜙𝑥𝑏/(𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑)

111.407318
Provide 12mm ø bars @ 125 mm c/c

Distribution steel 𝐴𝜙𝑥𝑏/(𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑)

= 0.12% of bD
228 mm²

Taking 8Φ Bar
Area of one bar = 113.04 Aø

Spacing of 8mm Φ bars = 𝐴𝜙𝑥𝑏/(𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑) 12

495.789474 mm
495.789474
Provide 8mm ø bars @ 300 mm c/c
N OF RETAINING WALL

(IS 875 PART-1,1987)

Table-1,45

phi degree
30
Mult fck b
58725000 25 1000

b2 d h H D h1 hc bc
2 0.23 8.2 8.7 0.5 0.7 2.5 0.23

Distance from a Moment about a Nm

b2+d/2 2.115 99722.25

b/2 1.9 90250
b2/2 1 1210320
b-b1/2 3.015 59642.73
2/3xb2 2.01 28893.75
Σm= 1488828.73

1/3*h 2.733333 551362.48632

Σ+M= 2011297.4663
Σ-M=
Resultant moment for base slab 937466.24368

B 3.8

0.633333333 TRUE

KN/m² SBC= 200 KN/m² TRUE

KN/m²
 1.5 TRUE

µ
0.45
1 TRUE

fy Mu Nmm d mm b mm fck
56:2000,G-1.1 500 58725000 192 1000 25

Aø b Ast req
12 1000 764.3309

b Ast req
1000 276

Mult fck b
1406199366 25 3800
56:2000,G-1.1 fy Mu Nmm d mm b mm fck
500 1406199366 460 3800 25

3855.689251

Aø b Ast req
12 3800 3855.689

b Ast req

1000 228
a