Conversion of Solar Energy into

Electrical Energy Storage:

Supercapacitor as an Ultrafast
Energy-Storage Device Made from
Biodegradable Agar-Agar as a Novel
and Low-Cost Carbon Precursor
Manavalan Vijayakumar, Jyothirmayi Adduru, Tata Narasinga Rao, Mani Karthik
First published: 17 August 2018

Abstract

Solar cells hold promise as energy conversion devices but intermittent sunlight limits
their continuous applications. The self-powering integrated solar cells and electrical
energy storage devices can be an alternative to resolve this problem. This study
demonstrates the integration of solar cell with supercapacitor (SC) device and evaluates
its performance for energy conversion and storage for practical validity. SC carbon is
derived from agar-agar as low-cost carbon precursor and a high-performance SC
electrode is utilized for the first time. The fabricated SC shows an excellent specific
capacitance of 170 F g−1 and retains 85% of its original value up to 15 000
charge/discharge cycles at 1 A g−1, and it holds a maximum energy density of 17.7 Wh
kg−1. The integration of SCs (three cells in series with 5.4 V) with a commercial solar
lantern for a self-sustaining power pack is demonstrated. The SC is charged by solar
cells in a few seconds and powers a solar lantern with 40 light-emitting diodes without
sunlight, demonstrates its potential for efficient conversion of solar energy into
electrical energy storage. This result highlights that solar SC can be considered as an
ultrafast next-generation energy-storage device that can mitigate the energy demand in
the near future.
A Techno-Economic Study of Rooftop
Grid-Connected Photovoltaic-Energy
Storage Systems in Qatar
Nabila Elbeheiry, A. Amer, Seif Elgazar, Sawsan Shukri, Morcos Metry, R. Balog

Published: 14 June 2020

Abstract

Gulf Corporation Countries (GCC) are exposed to high levels of solar insolation
throughout the majority of the year. Therefore, the use of photovoltaics (PV) is a viable,
clean energy source for the GCC region. This paper presents a detailed techno-economic
study for the implementation of a grid-connected rooftop photovoltaic and energy
storage system (PV-ESS) in the State of Qatar. This study aims to present a detailed cost
analysis as well as sizing information for a house in Qatar. A multi-objective
optimization that considers generation and load profiles, cost of grid consumption, cost
of materials, and house size is presented in the form of Pareto frontier curves. Load
modulation is introduced as a method to lower capital expenditure and operational
costs. The benefit to a developed country like Qatar is to improve the resilience of the
electrical supply and reduce the carbon footprint. The benefit to a developing country is
that it brings electricity to individual homes without needing an expensive utility grid.
Although this paper is not intended to study energy policy, the techniques presented can
be used to recommend energy policies. The results of this study are presented in the
form of implementation steps to make rooftop PV-ESS systems feasible in Qatar based
on factual information and detailed analysis.
A novel deep learning‐based integrated
photovoltaic, energy storage system and
electric heat pump system: Optimising
energy usage and costs
Patrick Nzivugira Duhirwe, J. Hwang, Jack Ngarambe, Suhgoo Kim, Kyung-Jae Kim, Kwanwoo Song, G. Yun
Published: 26 January 2021
Abstract
The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems has drawn attention as a solution to reduce the
dependence on fossil fuel for building energy needs. Moreover, incorporating energy
storage systems (ESSs) in PV systems can optimise electric energy costs by increasing
dependency on PV‐generated energy during electric peak load times. However, current
ESSs have limited capacities making it difficult to fully maximise PV‐generated energy.
We propose a novel integrated energy‐efficient system for PV, ESS and electric heat
pump (EHP) that maximises the usage of PV energy, optimises ESS usage and reduces
EHP energy consumption costs. The components of the proposed integrated system are
linked with a deep learning (DL)‐based algorithm that forecasts PV energy generation
and energy demand of the EHP. The proposed system schedules the
charging/discharging time of ESSs depending on peak load times, the forecasted EHP
electric demand, and PV‐generated energy. The data used were collected for 10 months
from a retail shop equipped with an EHP and ESS. We found that the developed DL‐
based forecasting models for PV and EHP are accurate and reliable (ie, R2 above 0.95).
Also, the results show that the proposed integrated energy‐efficient PV‐ESS‐EHP system
saves 12% of the total annual electric costs, which corresponds to 1 285 291 Won. The
proposed system ensures an efficient method to maximise PV‐generated energy
resulting in reduced dependency on fossil fuels for building energy needs.
Recent Progress in Carbon Dots‐Based
Materials for Electrochemical Energy
Storage Toward Environmental
Sustainability
S. Siwal, Harjot Kaur, A. Saini, V. Thakur
Published: 25 June 2022

Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), an emerging category of carbon nanomaterials, have bright destiny
in a vast diversity of engineering areas due to their great variety in design, arrangement,
and characteristics. Their possible implementations have recently traversed from
electrochemical energy storage (EES), fluorescent probing, and catalysis, particularly as
materials into the critical elements of the electrochemical system. Herein, the current
investigation based upon the preface of CDs in batteries, supercapacitors,
hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, electromagnetic
interference shielding, and solar‐assisted energy generation used as electrode materials
integrated with an active substance as an auxiliary mechanism is shown. Different
aspects conferred upon selected illustrations outline the electrochemical activity, and
eventually, current issues and future viewpoints are recollected toward the following
optimization method of electrode substances. This review article is anticipated to
demand broad attention within active CD materials and encourage the growth of high‐
performance EES systems.
Environmental and economic analysis
of a photovoltaic assisted mixed mode
solar dryer with thermal energy storage
and exhaust air recirculation
Richu Zachariah, Taher S. Maatallah, A. Modi
Published: 1 September 2020
Abstract
The cost effectiveness and the drying quality are the most common challenges for solar
drying applications. The expensive kinetic and drying temperature sensing and control
systems add to the cost in one hand, and the heat losses and the intermittent heat
supplied result in poor drying quality in the other hand. In order to overcome these
limitations for local farmers, a novel greenhouse cabinet solar dryer operating in mixed
mode for household applications is fabricated with cost‐effective and locally available
materials. The environmental and economic performance of the proposed dryer is then
compared with that of the conventional open sun drying. The proposed solar dryer
includes a thermal energy storage system using paraffin wax and exhaust air
recirculation to enhance the drying performance. The overall drying efficiency of the
system is found to be 18.6% and 10.8% with and without the thermal storage,
respectively. From environmental and economic perspective, the proposed dryer with
thermal storage resulted in an energy payback time of 1.91 years and a discounted
payback period of 0.8 years which is much lower than the dryer life making it both
environmentally and economically sustainable.
Energy storage for photovoltaic power
plants: Economic analysis for different
ion‐lithium batteries
R. Morais, M. C. P. Lopes, Marlon Max H. Bellido, A. Pereira, D. C. Castelo Branco
Published: 9 June 2022

Abstract
Energy storage has been identified as a strategic solution to the operation management
of the electric power system to guarantee the reliability, economic feasibility, and a low
carbon footprint. In this sense, this article analyzes the economic feasibility of a storage
system using different Li‐ion batteries applied to a real case of the photovoltaic power
plant at Alto Rodrigues, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The System Advisor Model
software was used to simulate the systems which allowed showing the difference
between the revenue obtained from energy sales and the total generation cost.
According to the results, the viability of the energy storage system can be achieved in
different ways. The first way would be to reduce current investment costs in storage
systems. In the second way, the energy sale price is higher than the current sale price.
The third and fourth ways are a combination of cost storage reduction and the increase
of energy sale price in different annual proportions.
Assessment of Energy Storage from
Photovoltaic Installations in Poland
Using Batteries or Hydrogen
Bernard Knutel, Anna Pierzyńska, M. Dębowski, P. Bukowski, A. Dyjakon
Published: 4 August 2020
Abstract
This paper presents a series of economic efficiency studies comparing three different
investment variants: without energy storage, with energy stored in batteries and
hydrogen installation with a PEM fuel cell stack for a location in Poland. To reach a
target, the current solar potential in Poland, the photovoltaic (PV) productivity, the
capacity of the energy storage in batteries as well as the size of the hydrogen production
system were calculated. The solar potential was determined using archival
meteorological data and the Krieg estimation method. A laboratory scale PV system (1
kW) was used to estimate the decrease in real solar installation power during the last 10
years of operation. All analyses were made for a 100 kW photovoltaic array located in
Poland using static and dynamic methods of investment project assessment, such as
Simply Bay Back Period (SPBP) or Net Present Value (NPV). The results showed that
the SPBP amounted to 8.8 years and NPV 54,896 € for non-storage systems. Whereas,
for systems with energy stored the economic indexes were, as follow: SPBP = never,
NPV = 183,428 € for batteries and SPBP = 14.74 years, NPV = 22,639 € for
hydrogen/fuel cell installation. Storage in hydrogen is more advantageous than batteries
due to the smaller investment outlays.
A multi-objective planning framework
for EV charging stations assisted by
solar photovoltaic and battery energy
storage system in coupled power and
transportation network
N. Kumar, Tushar Kumar, S. Nema, T. Thakur
Published: 9 November 2021
Abstract
The global shift away from internal combustion (IC) engines and toward electric
vehicles (EVs) is well underway. The sustainability of this transition requires a
coordinated approach for planning of charging stations integrated with solar
photovoltaic (SPV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) with due consideration to
the power distribution and transportation network. A two‐stage multi-objective
planning framework is proposed to find effective service radius, optimal sites, and sizing
of fast charging electric vehicle stations (FCEVS), photovoltaic (PV) plants, and battery
energy storage systems (BESS). The dynamics of EV charging demand are estimated
using EV flow modeling in the M1/M2/N queuing model for the transportation network,
which incorporates EV population with multiple battery capacities and waiting time
constraints. The multi-objective grey wolf optimization (MOGWO) algorithm is used in
the first stage to obtain a nondominated solution set for EVCS and PV siting and sizing.
The best solution from the nondominated solution set is then obtained using fuzzy
satisfaction‐based selection. In the second stage, the bisection point method is used
iteratively to obtain adequate BESS capacity as well as additional PV capacity required
to support EV load during peak traffic hours. The effectiveness of the proposed
framework is investigated using a 25‐node transportation network coupled to an IEEE
123‐bus distribution test system for several scenarios integrating seasonal irradiance
and traffic patterns. The findings demonstrate a cost‐effective placement of FCEVS with
reduction in active power losses, voltage variation, and increased capture of EV flow.
Economic Analysis of a Building
Integrated Photovoltaic System Without
and With Energy Storage
Pooja Sharma, M. Kolhe, Arvind Sharma
Published: 30 August 2019

Abstract
A grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system with energy storage can help in
overcoming the intermittency as well as in reducing the peak demand on the network. It
also benefits in electricity bills savings. In this context, it is significant to examine the
appropriate use of local energy storage (i.e. battery) connected with PV for reducing the
energy supply from the grid, and also its contribution in peak demand reduction with
more emphasis on reduction in annual consumer electricity bill. In this paper, a techno-
economic analysis of Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) system with energy
storage has been presented. A typical South Norwegian house, installed with PV, has
been considered for identifying annual electricity bill savings as well as economic
indicators by deploying appropriate battery capacity. It has been observed that BIPV
with energy storage can be beneficial to the consumer both economically and
technically, providing incentives for both consumers and investors. The time-wise limits
on electricity consumption from the grid supply can also help to make the BIPV house
with energy storage more economically attractive as well as near zero energy building.
Energy storage capacity configuration of
building integrated photovoltaic‐phase
change material system considering
demand response.
Liang Sun, Jiawen Li, Lidong Chen, Jiaming Xi, Benxin Li
Published: 14 April 2021

Abstract
With the increasing building energy consumption, building integrated photovoltaic has
emerged. However, this method has problems such as low photovoltaic absorption rate
and large load peak–valley difference. For this reason, the authors have constructed a
building integrated photovoltaic‐phase change material system considering the demand
response. Under the demand response at the time of use, the system was powered by
building photovoltaic power generation. The thermostatically controlled load demand
inside buildings was satisfied jointly by the phase change energy storage and the air
conditioning. The system can run offline or connected to the grid through surplus
electricity. When electricity is insufficient, the system can purchase it from the grid. The
system dispatching strategy is also given. Based on the principles of minimizing the
daily cost of system operation, maximizing the photovoltaic absorption rate, and
minimizing the peak–valley difference, a multi‐objective optimization model is
established, and the particle swarm algorithm is used to perform the capacity
configuration on the energy storage system. Finally, case analysis was conducted to
verify that the scheme is able to reduce the system operating cost by over 50%. In
addition, it can greatly increase the photovoltaic absorption rate and reduce the peak–
valley difference to achieve peak load shifting. The scheme has significant economic and
technical benefits.
High-rate lithium-ion energy storage to
facilitate increased penetration of
photovoltaic systems in electricity grids
A. Lennon, Yu Jiang, C. Hall, Derwin Lau, N. Song, P. Burr, C. Grey, Kent J. Griffith
Published: 21 February 2019

Abstract
High-rate lithium ion batteries with long cycling lives can provide electricity grid
stabilization services in the presence of large fractions of intermittent generators, such
as photovoltaics. Engineering for high rate and long cycle life requires an appropriate
selection of materials for both electrode and electrolyte and an understanding of how
these materials degrade with use. High-rate lithium ion batteries can also facilitate
faster charging of electric vehicles and provide higher energy density alternatives to
supercapacitors in mass transport applications. High-rate lithium ion batteries can play
a critical role in decarbonizing our energy systems both through their underpinning of
the transition to use renewable energy resources, such as photovoltaics, and
electrification of transport. Their ability to be rapidly and frequently charged and
discharged can enable this energy storage technology to play a key role in stabilizing
future low-carbon electricity networks which integrate large fractions of intermittent
renewable energy generators. This decarbonizing transition will require lithium ion
technology to provide increased power and longer cycle lives at reduced cost. Rate
performance and cycle life are ultimately limited by the materials used and the kinetics
associated with the charge transfer reactions and ionic and electronic conduction. We
review material strategies for electrode materials and electrolytes that can facilitate high
rates and long cycle lives and discuss the important issues of cost, resource availability
and recycling.
Perovskite nanostructures for
photovoltaic and energy storage devices
A. Kostopoulou, E. Kymakis, E. Stratakis
Published 29 May 2018

Abstract
Exploring prospective materials for efficient energy production and storage is a big
challenge in this century. Numerous research groups working in this field focus on novel
materials for such applications and this is reflected in the large number of articles on the
topic. At the same time, there has recently been increasing interest in fabricating
entirely new types of devices and even exploring new physics, by structuring matter at
the nanoscale. Nanostructured materials are acknowledged as viable materials to
effectively replace conventional energy materials in such energy applications. Among
these nanostructured materials, in this review article we focus on perovskite
nanomaterials, such as perovskite oxides and halide perovskites, utilized in high
performance energy technologies, including photovoltaics, supercapacitors and
batteries. The various approaches used for the fabrication of perovskite nanostructures
with centrosymmetric or non-centrosymmetric morphologies are particularly reviewed,
while the impact of the structure, morphology, and composition on energy device
performance is extensively discussed.
Solving the Problem of Energy Storage
for Solar Photovoltaic Plants (Review)
K. Ashurov, B. Abdurakhmanov, Sh. Ch. Iskandarov, T. K. Turdaliev, A. M. Salimboev, M. Adilov, I. J. Abdusaidov
Published 01 March 2019

Abstract
Modern storage systems for electric energy generated by solar photovoltaic plants and
other renewable energy sources have been analyzed. Among numerous energy storage
systems, electrochemical ones, particularly redox battery systems, are of the greatest
interest for use in the Central Asia region. The varieties of this energy storage system
have been considered, including Zn/Br, Zn/Cl, Fe/Cr, Zn/Se, and Zn/K3Fe(CN)6
systems, as well as promising but underdeveloped iron–iron and lead hybrid operating
on electrolytes based on sulfuric acid and with deposition on bipolar electrodes (Pb) and
(PbO2), respectively. We have considered the operation principle of vanadium redox
batteries, which is based on redox processes that occur in two volumes with vanadium
electrolytes separated by a selective membrane. Their advantages for the above goals
have been demonstrated. We discuss the prospect of vanadium redox battery production
in Uzbekistan based on local vanadium resources in the form of both primary mined
materials and manmade raw materials, such as vanadium-containing slags resulting
from extraction during metallurgical processing of mined titanium and rare-earth
element ores, as well as those formed during the processing of bauxite and phosphorite
mined in local deposits. Particular emphasis has been placed on the question of
combining the use of domestically produced vanadium pentoxide with developments of
electrode surface activation for redox batteries made from graphitized materials with
the inclusion of nanoscale particles of metals, such as iron and nickel, using ion-plasma
technologies.
Modeling a photovoltaic energy storage
system based on super capacitor,
simulation and evaluation of
experimental performance.
Mohamed Ali Ben Fathallah, A. Ben Othman, M. Besbes
Published 11 January 2018

Abstract
Photovoltaic energy is very important to meet the consumption needs of electrical
energy in remote areas and for other applications. Energy storage systems are essential
to avoid the intermittent production of photovoltaic energy and to cover peaks in energy
demand. The super capacitor, also known as electrochemical double layer capacitor, is a
storage device which has a very high-power density compared to conventional battery
and is capable of storing a large amount of electrical energy in short time periods, which
reflects its interest to be used for the storage of photovoltaic energy. From this principle,
this paper represents a three-branch RC model of super capacitor to describe its
different dynamics of operation during the charging, discharging and rest phases. After
having validated the good functioning of this model with the experimental study of
Zubieta, the super capacitor performance has been demonstrated and compared with a
conventional battery in a photovoltaic converter chain to power AC machine.
Electroactive and High Dielectric Folic
Acid/PVDF Composite Film Rooted
Simplistic Organic Photovoltaic Self-
Charging Energy Storage Cell with
Superior Energy Density and Storage
Capability.
Swagata Roy, Pradip Thakur, Nur Amin Hoque, B. Bagchi, Nayim Sepay, Farha Khatun, A. Kool, Sukhen Das
Published 6 July 2017

Abstract
Herein we report a simplistic prototype approach to develop an organic photovoltaic
self-charging energy storage cell (OPSESC) rooted with biopolymer folic acid (FA)
modified high dielectric and electroactive β crystal enriched poly(vinylidene fluoride)
(PVDF) composite (PFA) thin film. Comprehensive and exhaustive characterizations of
the synthesized PFA composite films validate the proper formation of β-polymorphs in
PVDF. Significant improvements of both β-phase crystallization (F(β) ≈ 71.4%) and
dielectric constant (ε ≈ 218 at 20 Hz for PFA of 7.5 mass %) are the twosome realizations
of our current study. Enhancement of β-phase nucleation in the composites can be
thought as a contribution of the strong interaction of the FA particles with the PVDF
chains. Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) interfacial polarization approves the
establishment of thermally stable high dielectric values measured over a wide
temperature spectrum. The optimized high dielectric and electroactive films are further
employed as an active energy storage material in designing our device named as
OPSESC. Self-charging under visible light irradiation without an external biasing
electrical field and simultaneous remarkable self-storage of photogenerated electrical
energy are the two foremost aptitudes and the spotlight of our present investigation.
Our as fabricated device delivers an impressively high energy density of 7.84 mWh/g
and an excellent specific capacitance of 61 F/g which is superior relative to the other
photon induced two electrode organic self-charging energy storage devices reported so
far. Our device also proves the realistic utility with good recycling capability by
facilitating commercially available light emitting diode.
Loofah-derived eco-friendly SiC ceramics
for high-performance sunlight capture,
thermal transport, and energy storage
Qiao Xu , Xianglei Liu , Qingyang Luo , Yang Tian , Chunzhuo Dang , Haichen Yao , Cha
o Song , Yimin Xuan , Junming Zhao, Yulong Ding
Received 18 September 2021, Revised 17 December 2021, Accepted 20 December 2021,
Available online 30 December 2021, Version of Record 30 December 2021.

Abstract

Emerging integrated solar thermal conversion and latent heat storage has a great
potential in harvesting solar energy continuously and efficiently by avoiding redundant
energy transfer processes. However, the energy harvesting performance is limited by
weak solar absorption and low thermal conductivity of phase change materials (PCMs).
Here, loofah-derived eco-friendly SiC ceramics is proposed for fast, efficient, and
compact solar thermal energy storage beyond state-of-the-art. We design a facile way to
fabricate eco-friendly porous SiC ceramics with robust structure and tunable porosity by
impregnating flour paste into loofah followed by carbonization and molten silicon
reaction processes. After impregnation with NaCl-NaF eutectics, broadband sunlight
capture with average solar absorptance of 95.25%, rapid thermal transport with thermal
conductivity of 20.7 W/mK, and compact latent heat storage with energy storage density
of up to 424 kJ/kg are demonstrated simultaneously. Highly conductive light SiC
materials, hierarchical continuous loofah skeleton structure, and high energy density
eutectics are attributed to this superior performance. This work opens new routes for
efficient harvesting solar thermal energy based on biomimetic eco-friendly ceramics.
Cellulose from waste materials for
electrochemical energy storage
applications: A review
Princess C. Ani , Paul U. Nzereogu , Ada C. Agbogu , Fabian I. Ezema , Assumpta C. Nwanya
a b a a c

Received 14 June 2022, Revised 16 August 2022, Accepted 28 August 2022, Available online 1
September 2022, Version of Record 1 September 2022.

Abstract
The world is weakening because most energy sources currently in use are
environmentally hazardous. On the other hand, clean and alternative energy sources
have the potential to save our planet. Renewable energy sources, including wind, solar,
and biomass, are being marketed as viable alternatives to non-renewable energy
sources. These renewable energy sources are only available on a seasonal basis. As a
result, creating novel, low-cost, and long-lasting electrochemical energy storage
technologies is essential for making the best use of these renewable energy sources.
Thus, electrochemical storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors, which
are energy conversion and storage technologies for practical application to achieve a
circular economy, are the most effective. Cellulose, being the most prevalent natural
polymer on the earth, has proven to possess a lot of potential in this application. In this
review, we focused on cellulose, electrochemical energy storage devices, and how
cellulose derived from biomass or waste materials can be used for electrochemical
energy storage.
Bio-sensitized solar cells built from
renewable carbon sources
ClaudiaC. Villarreal , Stephanie Monge , Dariana Aguilar , Alexandra Tames , Natalia Araya ,
a b c d a a a

Manuel Aguilar , Seeram Ramakrishna , Velmurugan Thavasi , Zhaoning Song , Ashok Mulcha
a e f g

ndani , Renugopalakrishnan Venkatesan

c h i

Received 11 August 2021, Revised 16 November 2021, Accepted 20 November 2021, Available
online 27 November 2021, Version of Record 27 December 2021.

Abstract

Recent advances in materials science lead to the emergence of novel materials to

address current energy and environmental challenges, such as energy-intensive
manufacturing processes, use of hazardous materials, and greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions of photovoltaic (PV) technology. New materials that are more
environmentally sustainable and abundant in nature are being integrated into PV
technologies, especially in dye-sensitized solar cells. Carbon nanomaterials and
biomolecules, specifically the photosystem I (PSI) and the bacteriorhodopsin (bR)
proteins, are discussed in this review for bio-sensitized solar cells (bio-SSCs).
Nanostructured carbon materials show enormous potential because of their allotropic
diversity, compatible wide bandgap levels that facilitate light absorption, and excellent
electrical properties, whereas the PSI and bR are promising as sensitizers because of
their chromophores, high quantum yield, and chemical stability. This review addresses
the role of these renewable materials for the development of bio-SSCs. The low
photoconversion efficiency of bio-SSCs remains a challenge and is explained on energy
mismatch, low surface density of sensitizer, and high-resistance interfacial electron
transport between photoanode and electrolyte. By comparing the effect of various
morphologies of photoanode semiconductors and protein modifications in the
performance of bR-sensitized solar cells, we appraise how far bio-SSCs may progress in
the future.
Recent advances in solar photovoltaic
materials and systems for energy storage
applications: a review
Modupeola Dada & Patricia Popoola
Published: 17 July 2023
Abstract
Background
In recent years, solar photovoltaic technology has experienced significant
advances in both materials and systems, leading to improvements in
efficiency, cost, and energy storage capacity. These advances have made solar
photovoltaic technology a more viable option for renewable energy generation
and energy storage. However, intermittent is a major limitation of solar
energy, and energy storage systems are the preferred solution to these
challenges where electric power generation is applicable. Hence, the type of
energy storage system depends on the technology used for electrical
generation. Furthermore, the growing need for renewable energy sources and
the necessity for long-term energy solutions have fueled research into novel
materials for solar photovoltaic systems. Researchers have concentrated on
increasing the efficiency of solar cells by creating novel materials that can
collect and convert sunlight into power.

Main body of the abstract

This study provides an overview of the recent research and development of
materials for solar photovoltaic devices. The use of renewable energy sources,
such as solar power, is becoming increasingly important to address the
growing energy demand and mitigate the impact of climate change. Hence, the
development of materials with superior properties, such as higher efficiency,
lower cost, and improved durability, can significantly enhance the
performance of solar panels and enable the creation of new, more efficient
photovoltaic devices. This review discusses recent progress in the field of
materials for solar photovoltaic devices. The challenges and opportunities
associated with these materials are also explored, including scalability,
stability, and economic feasibility.

Conclusion
The development of novel materials for solar photovoltaic devices holds great
potential to revolutionize the field of renewable energy. With ongoing research
and technological advancements, scientists and engineers have been able to
design materials with superior properties such as higher efficiency, lower cost,
and improved durability. These materials can be used to enhance the
performance of existing solar panels and enable the creation of new, more
efficient photovoltaic devices. The adoption of these materials could have
significant implications for the transition toward a more sustainable and
environmentally friendly energy system. However, there are still challenges to
be addressed, such as scalability, stability, potential environmental effects,
and economic feasibility, before these materials can be widely implemented.
Nonetheless, the progress made in this field is promising and continued
reports on the research and development of materials for solar photovoltaic
devices are crucial for achieving a sustainable future. The adoption of novel
materials in solar photovoltaic devices could lead to a more sustainable and
environmentally friendly energy system, but further research and
development are needed to overcome current limitations and enable large-
scale implementation.
Photo-biohybrid Solar Conversion with
Metalloenzymes and Photosynthetic Reaction
Centers
Katherine A. Brown1, Paul W. King1, Peter N. Ciesielski
Published 01 Jan 2016

Abstract:

Natural photosynthesis integrates functionally diverse molecules into highly organized

networks that capture solar energy to generate electrochemical energy for production of
reduced chemical compounds. The underlying energy transduction principles and rich
photochemistry of photosynthesis have inspired considerable effort to design robust
artificial technologies for solar production of renewable fuels. Another route to solar
conversion involves coupling the catalytic power of biomolecules with the synthetic
tunability of materials to create photocatalytic biohybrids. Light harvesting,
electroconductive, and catalytic materials, in many cases, can be functionalized with
surface chemistries to control molecular assembly, stability, photo energetics, and
electron transfer with biomolecules. Some of the latest research progress on developing
biohybrids for photocatalytic CO2 reduction, H2 production, and fuel-cell devices are
summarized in this chapter.
Organic-Based Photovoltaics: Toward Low-
Cost Power Generation
Sean E. Shaheen, David S. Ginley, Ghassan E. Jabbour
Published 01 Jan 2005

Abstract:

Harvesting energy directly from sunlight using photovoltaic technology is a way to

address growing global energy needs with a renewable resource while minimizing
detrimental effects on the environment by reducing atmospheric emissions. This issue
of MRS Bulletin on “Organic-Based Photovoltaics” looks at a new generation of solar
cells that have the potential to be produced inexpensively. Recent advances in solar
power conversion efficiencies have propelled organic-based photovoltaics out of the
realm of strictly fundamental research at the university level and into the industrial
laboratory setting. Fabricated from organic materials—polymers and molecules—these
devices are potentially easier to manufacture than current technologies based on silicon
or other materials. In this introductory article, we describe the motivation for pursuing
research in this field and provide an overview of the various technical approaches that
have been developed to date. We conclude by discussing the challenges that need to be
overcome in order for organic photovoltaics to realize their potential as an economically
viable path to harvesting energy from sunlight.