single-p nase

that
↳ "form of matter

has uniform physical

-
-
a

chemical properties
-

Foranero narro
* at
p

To
&
phase: e I
IPLE
↑ POINT
IDEAL AND
REAL GASES
PREPARED BY: ENGR. LILY ANTONETTE A.
AGUSTIN
Overview:
• Review: Gases
• Ideal vs Real Gas
• Ideal Gas Laws
• Ideal Gas Mixtures
 Fusion effusion
-

3
f
->

GAS
->

- simplest form of matter among solids, liquids, and gas:

• they do not have a definite shape or volume
• have very low densities
• a small increase in pressure will compress the gas to a very extent

sounds is incomp gases -> compressible

17
-> piston

T
#

-linan
-
IDEAL GAS
-abides by the kinetic molecular
theory:

• the molecules do not occupy any

space, they are infinitesimally small
• no attractive forces exist between
the molecules
• the collision between the molecules
and between the molecules and the
container are perfectly elastic.
 OOOOOO
- pehaves

IDEAL vs REAL GAS

I
Compressibility Factor, z – compensated for the non
Ideality of gas

O PV =
nRT z = 1
cunity)
-> ideal gas

PV = znRT
real gas
-
zcor> 1 ->
EQUATION OF STATE
à relates the molar quantity and volume of a gas to
temperature and pressure

universal gas
Ideal Gas EOS: *
PV = nRT
constant
-=
NT
FiT nT

absolute
0 energy
->
k =

K
at Standard Temperatures and Pressures: R

actual values
↑ 273.15K /
=

p 1atm 101.325 kPa

!" %
= or

i 22.42/mol =$
!!"! %!
=

renRicoot
OR RESets. the
In
 pv nRT
=

d.)
C1<FM) 0 =

(0.91kmotrooms
~
(
(0.052057
C OlK
173.15()
EXAMPLE: v =
242 L or 20.4 M3
-

Calculate the volume, in

S . .
& m3 1000 L =

cubic meters, occupied by

-

40kg of CO2 at standard

. . .

conditions, assuming CO2

b.)
- -

acts as an ideal gas.

e, omotvs,
Given:

McOc 40kg
=
Regid;
v(m3) =Y
I
Pogue,
kg
↑ CO2 we sc I
wu,
moe102 mea
U,

Vm3 =

20.36

co2 g) =
-
n
x yy/kmel
=

4
mwcoz
= 0.91 knol
 d.

EXAMPLE:
ar
-T P

and

-inE 5
Butane at 360oC and 3.00
. . -

atm absolute flows into a

-

reactor at a rate of 1100

j
M

Ps Vs
- -

kg/hr. Calculate the

-

volumetric flow rate of this

x(
no
steam using conversion from
/ ,
v
23atm)
-
standard conditions. =

- -

n =
mass
-
citm) (22.a
it
Am"/r
mu
worki
EXAMPLE:
A stream of pure oxygen is
admitted to the ammonia line
at a rate of 40 cubic feet per
minute and the resulting
mixture is sampled farther
along the pipe and found to
contain 10% by volume
oxygen. The entering oxygen
is metered at 3.3 psig and
85oF. Calculate the weight
flow rate in lb/hr of ammonia
through a pipe.

January 9-indir
 t inversely

-are
· proportional

·
.

↑x by
y
⑤

⑳ * ->
o proportionality
x the

cousin
X

Other P-V-T relationships for ideal gas:

I
-
v =

y mx
= b
+

• Boyle’s Law n *
“ For a fixed quantity of a gas, the volume is inversely proportional to pressure at constant

gIARto ONETHE
~
OF temperature.” condition 2
p. 1 =
Peters
PV = k Ve i
• Charles’ Law
-

Y *2 Pc c
+
=
zk P2Vz =

“ The volume of a fixed quantity of gas at constant pressure varies directly with temperature.”

TONE CARI
V/T = k

• Avogadro’s Principle #
I cry
a
~" In
“ Equimolal quantities of all gases at the same temperature and pressure occupy the same
volume.”
vz(n
kx,

↑
Vz v v =

I=
=
Vi

cut
V/n = k M no
8 Uni
P moles
To #
of ga)
-
&
by blowing

combined
Jay-Lussars V PF
Law ·
=

gas law
#
PaT,
 8 In:

EXAMPLE: =
↑
Vi T
A+ 3
ym) (10++ 3) (2.50 () (V)
a

Ten cubic feet of air at 70oF & a

=

P, -

and 1.00 atm is heated to

- - - 530%R 10FR
T2x 610oF and compressed to
↑
-

2.50 atm. What volume does

pe-
V8.875f+3
=

-
the gas occupy in its final
state? Va
0.075+ +3
r
=

3 ->
v
10
=
++
Given;
Regid: V2

V 10f+3
⑰
Tz U10'F
Ar
=
=

70F*Pz a.50atm
=

M=

P. =
1.00 atm ↑P Arr
EXAMPLE:
RT,
An automobile tire is inflated to a
pressure of 195 kPa at 273K. If
the pressure inside the tyre is
not to exceed 250 kPa, what is
the maximum temperature to
which the tyre may be heated?

condition (

p. = 19512Pd
condition [
n 273K
=

250kPd
02 =

7
Tz
=