Acknowledgments

The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful for the
permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to identify the sources of
all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy
to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting and in the next update to the digital edition, as
applicable.

Key: U = Unit, LP = Learning Pathway

Photographs

The following photographs are sourced from Getty Images.

U1: Pascal Broze/Onoky; Jbryson/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Toa55/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Urbazon/E+;
Portra/E+; Demaerre/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Westend61; Kali9/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Sdi Productions/E+;
Vgajic/E+; Peopleimages/E+; Franek Strzeszewski/Cultura; Julieannebirch/E+; Levi Bianco/Moment;
Robi_J/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Peter M. Fisher/The Image Bank; Aleksandargeorgiev/E+; Izusek/E+; U2: Michael
Dunning/The Image Bank; Oleh_Slobodeniuk/E+; Mistikas/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Stockstudiox/E+; Markus
Daniel/Moment; Aaron Black/The Image Bank; Bruno Ehrs/Corbis Documentary/Getty Images Plus;
Starcevic/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Kali9/E+; Ferrantraite/E+; Martin Bureau/Afp; Owngarden/iStock/Getty Images
Plus; Marsyu/E+; Ascent/Pks Media Inc./Stone; Filadendron/E+; Dusanmanic/E+; Barry Winiker/The Image Bank;
Aja Koska/E+; George Pachantouris/Moment Unreleased; Wanida Prapan/Moment; U3: Emreogan/iStock/Getty
Images Plus; Katja Kircher/Maskot; Patcharanan Worrapatchareeroj/Moment; Azmanl/E+; Woraphon
Nusen/Eyeem; Franz12/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Stevanovicigor/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Chris Niedenthal/The
Life Images Collection; Damircudic/E+; Inside Creative House/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Peter Cade/Stone;
Sarra22/E+; Catherine Delahaye/Stone; Johner Images; Diegograndi/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Max-
Kegfire/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Alain Jocard/Stringer/Afp; Mangostar_Studio/iStock/Getty Images Plus;
Fatcamera/E+; Katarzynabialasiewicz/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U4: Lorado/E+; Bymuratdeniz/iStock/Getty Images
Plus; Coffeeandmilk/E+; Nick Daly/The Image Bank/Getty Images Plus; Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/Digitalvision;
Monkeybusinessimages/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Jgi/Jamie Grill; Catherine Leblanc/The Image Bank Unreleased;
Attiarndt/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Nicolamargaret/E+; Matelly/Cultura; Thierry Dosogne/Stone;
Dima_Sidelnikov/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Pekic/E+; Runphoto/Digitalvision; Fotostorm/E+; Rawpixel/iStock/Getty
Images Plus; 10'000 Hours/Digitalvision; Ivanko_Brnjakovic/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U5: Richlegg/E+;
Photoalto/Frederic Cirou/Photoalto Agency Rf Collections; Rostislav_Sedlacek/iStock/Getty Images Plus; 10'000
Hours/Digitalvision; Sofie Delauw/Cultura; Bill Varie/Corbis; Baranozdemir/E+; Sdi Productions/E+;
Shironosov/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Drazen_/E+; Suedhang/Image Source; Clarissa Leahy/Cultura; Sturti/E+;
Uppercut Images/Uppercut Images; Antonio_Diaz/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Wavebreakmedia/iStock/Getty
Images Plus; Westend61; Wagnerokasaki/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Andresr/E+; Welcomia/iStock/Getty Images
Plus; U6: Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/Digitalvision; Pekic/E+; Willie B. Thomas/Digitalvision; Antonio_Diaz/iStock/Getty
Images Plus; Solstock/E+; Jessica Peterson; Westend61; White Packert/The Image Bank/Getty Images Plus;
Christopher Robbins/Photodisc; Lordrunar/E+; Ken Seet/Corbis/Vcg/Corbis/Getty Images Plus; Tim
Robberts/Digitalvision; Image Source/Photodisc; Image Source/Image Source; South_Agency/iStock/Getty Images
Plus; Roberto Westbrook/Image Source; Kwanchai Lerttanapunyaporn/Eyeem; Milos Dimic/E+; Vladimir
Vladimirov/E+; U7: Peopleimages/E+; Jordan Siemens/Stone; Matt Champlin/Moment; Tetra Images;
Neustockimages/E+; Mixetto/E+; Realpeoplegroup/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Thomas Barwick/Stone;
Monkeybusinessimages/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U8: Hybrid Images/Cultura; Alberto Guglielmi; Westend61;
Andresr/E+; Artistgndphotography; Sylvain Sonnet/The Image Bank Unreleased; Georgette Douwma/Stone;
Vm/E+; Nastasic/E+; Ben Welsh/The Image Bank; Adam Orzechowski/Stone/Getty Images Plus; Alistair
Berg/Digitalvision; Urbazon/E+; Master1305/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Ababsolutum/iStock/Getty Images Plus;
Casarsaguru/E+; U9: SDI Productions/E+; Peopleimages/E+; Lightguard/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Jgi/Jamie Grill;
Kali9/E+; Hybrid Images/Cultura; B. Boissonnet/Corbis; Hill Street Studios/Digitalvision; Klaus Vedfelt/Digitalvision;
U10: Khosrork/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Matthew Horwood/Getty Images News; Photo And Co/The Image
Bank/Getty Images Plus; Paulvinten/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Brent Winebrenner/Lonely Planet Images/Getty
Images Plus; Jeffbergen/E+; Hill Street Studios/Digitalvision; Estradaanton/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U11:
Vladans/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Andresr/E+; Peter Dazeley/The Image Bank; Photography By Deb
Snelson/Moment; Education Images/Universal Images Group; Nd3000/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Drazen
Zigic/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Kmatija/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Bymuratdeniz/E+; Skynesher/E+; Bettmann;
U12: Danita Delimont/Gallo Images/Getty Images Plus; Kate Westaway/Stone/Getty Images Plus; Frank
Bienewald/Lightrocket; Busakorn Pongparnit/Moment; Christof Koepsel/Staff/Getty Images News; Westend61;
Gen Nishino/Photographer'S Choice/Getty Images Plus; Nazar Abbas Photography/Moment; Blackcat/E+;
Peopleimages/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Image Source/Image Source; Jupiterimages/[Link]/Getty Images
Plus; Barbara Cerovsek/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Craig Lovell/Corbis Documentary. LP: U1: PeopleImages/E+; U2:
StockstudioX/E+; U3: MangoStar_Studio/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U4: Pekic/E+; U5: Andresr/E+; U6: Willie B.
Thomas/DigitalVision; U7: PeopleImages/E+; U8: Westend61; U9: Andresr/E+; U10: Filadendron/E+; U11:
Nd3000/iStock/Getty Images Plus; U12: PeopleImages/iStock/Getty Images Plus.

Audio Production by John Marshall Media.

Corpus
Development of this publication has made use of the Cambridge English Corpus(CEC). The CEC is a computer
database of contemporary spoken and written English, which currently stands at over one billion words. It includes
British English, American English and other varieties of English. It also includes the Cambridge Learner Corpus,
developed in collaboration with the University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations. Cambridge University Press has
built up the CEC to provide evidence about language use that helps us to produce better language teaching
materials.

English Profile
This product is informed by English Vocabulary Profile, built as part of English Profile, a collaborative program
designed to enhance the learning, teaching and assessment of English worldwide. Its main funding partners are
Cambridge University Press and Cambridge Assessment English and its aim is to create a “profile” for English,
linked to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). English Profile outcomes, such as
the English Vocabulary Profile, will provide detailed information about the language that learners can be expected
to demonstrate at each CEFR level, offering a clear benchmark for learners’ proficiency. For more information,
please visit [Link].

CALD
The Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is the world’s most widely used dictionary for learners of English.
Including all the words and phrases that learners are likely to come across, it also has easy to understand
definitions and example sentences to show how the word is used in context. The Cambridge Advanced Learner’s
Dictionary is available online at [Link].