Baseline Report AdDU Farm Catigan Davao City Agr. Rey Navacilla, EnP

Ateneo de Davao University
School of Business and Governance

Davao City
Baseline Report
ADDU Agricultural Farm
Barangay Sirawan, Toril, Davao City
Component of the Agribusiness Program

under the Entrepreneurship Department
Prepared by:
Reynaldo C. Navacilla, EnP, RA

Program Coordinator, Agribusiness Program
Table of Content
Introduction 1
Rationale 2
Policy Framework 3
Objectives 4
Methodologies 5
Expected Output 5
Project Assessment Team 6
Project Site 7
Highlights of the Results 11
1. Physical Aspect 12
2. Biological Aspect 20
3. Environmental Aspects 32
4. Socio-Economic 39
Aspects
Analysis and Findings 42
Recommendations 44
Immediate Next Steps 45
Conclusion 46
Annexes 47
Annex A 48
Annex B 48
Annex C 50
Annex D 50
Annex E 50
Annex F 50
References 50
Baseline Study Report-ADDU Agricultural Land in Sitio Cogon,
I. Introduction
The Ateneo de Davao University (ADDU) had revised its Strategic Plan in 2012, clearly
provides in the University Administrative Manual pp.1 that the Mission Statement of
ADDU- “It engages vigorously in environmental protection, the preservation of bio-
diversity, and the promotion of renewable energy”.
Likewise, in ADDU Faculty Manual-PART II under the school and division objectives, the
School of Business and Governance (SBG) aims to provide a combination of technical
skills and field-based methods that will address business problems. It further aims to offer
responsive and relevant programs and services geared toward the total formation of
responsible individuals, with an orientation toward development and service.
In consonance with the above stated SBG objectives, A 3 Phases Strategic Planning
Process were undertaken from December 7, 2013 up to June 2014 resulted to the
formulation of SBG Strategic Plan covering the period 2014-2016. Subsequently, the
Management Council of the School of Business and Governance had approved the
Strategic Plan during its Regular Meeting held last June 24, 2014.
Subsequently, the Faculty Members of the Entrepreneurship Department had formulated

its Operational Plan last May 27, 2014 at room B300, ADDU-Davao City which include
among others under the Key Result Area (KRA) on Excellent Instruction, the conduct
market survey, technical/financial feasibility on pilot Agribusiness Project -ADDU Sirawan
Property
Upon the instruction of the SBG Dean Atty. Arlene Lorejo-Cosape, A Program Framework
on Agribusiness Program was presented by Faculty Member Reynaldo C. Navacilla, of
the Entrepreneurship Department during the Management Council of the School of
Business and Governance (SBG) during its Regular Monthly Meeting held last July 6,
2014.
This Agribusiness Program Framework includes a proposal to establish an Organic

Agriculture Techno-Demo Farm with an initial 2 hectares pilot farm in the ADDU
agricultural land located in Sitio Cogon, Barangay Sirawan, Toril District, Davao City and
it will concurrently serve as one of the Incubation Facilities of the Entrepreneurship
Department and eventually, for the idea to develop an Agribusiness Program.
Finally, a Work Plan for the establishment of an Organic AgricultureTechno-demo Farm

that would require preliminary studies like a Baseline Study, Pre-Feasibility and Full-
blown Project Feasibility covering a period of one (1) school year, 2014-2015. This Work
Plan was also submitted by Faculty Member Reynaldo C. Navacilla who will serve as an
Action Man of the Project. This WP was endorsed by Joeffrey L. Gomez,
Entrepreneurship Department Chair and approved by SBG Dean, Atty. Arlene Lorejo-
Cosape, DPA.
II. Rationale
Agribusiness Program-Entrepreneurship Department Page 1

The proposal of establish an Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo Farm at the agricultural

land of the Ateneo de Davao University in Barangay Catigan, Toril District, Davao City
was an offshoot of discussion with Dr. Jess Delgado, Former Department Chair of
Entrepreneurship Department and Faculty Member, Rey Navacilla when both were
participants to the 4th International Agribusiness Conference on August 19-20, 2012 held
at Royal Mandaya Hotel, Davao City sponsored by University of the Philippines-Mindanao
and the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR).
As the said occasion, the later agreed to prepare a project proposal for the establishment
of “Ateneo Ecology Center for Organic Agriculture and Safe Food Enterprises” as a
tentative name or for brevity to be called “Ateneo ECOSAFE” with intention to seek for
funding from the National Organic Agriculture Fund of the Department of Agriculture.
The proposed “Ateneo ECOSAFE” or “Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo Farm” or any

other name it will be called later, will serve as one of the Incubation Facilities of the Entrep.
Dept. particularly for those students who are taking up BS Entrep and BS Entrep major in
Agribusiness and likewise, it can also be used as practicum farm for those senior high
school student taking up subjects on Organic Agriculture and Entrepreneurship pursuant
to K-12 Enhanced Basic Education Law starting SY 2016 and onward.
The idea of establishing an Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo Center is a sound and

logical step towards promoting environmental soundness as clearly stated in the ADDU
Mission Statement. Even in the series of dialogues and discourses of Mindanao
Conversations among Jesuit Schools these concerns for preservation ecological balance,
promotion of bio-diversity and sustainable agriculture and livelihood initiatives becomes
a prominent concern.
Moreover, establishing an Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo Center is an absolute

possibility because the farm has already an existing agro-forestry and high value
commercial crops is an indication that ADDU management has deep interest in farming
and agribusiness venture even with the closure of the College of Agriculture in 1997 after
20 operation since it was established in 1977.
In recent dialogue with the University President Fr. Joel Tabora, SJ at his office by SBG
Dean Atty. Arlene L. Cosape, DPA, Asst. Dean for Undergraduate Programs Mr.
Godofredo Eding, MBA, Mr. Joeffrey L. Gomez, Entrep.Dept. Chair and A/Prof. Rey
Navacilla last October 2, 2014, the University President gave his stamp of approval for
the proposed Agribusiness Program Roadmap with triple components including the
establishment of Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo Farm.
However, any undertakings in pursuing the project idea must have a Baseline Study first
so that we will know the initial condition before any efforts of development and
investments shall take place. It is an important undertaking in order to establish the profile
providing details of the existing condition of the site before the start of project

interventions. It will be easy and can be clearly measured the accomplishment of the
project interventions when we know the condition at the onset of the project.
III. Policy Framework
Establishment of an Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo Farm will be in consonance with

the national laws and policies such as:
1. Republic Act No. 9512- AN ACT TO PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL

AWARENESS THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES, otherwise known as the "National Environmental Awareness and
Education Act of 2008" enacted in law on December 12, 2008.
This law mandates that the State shall promote national awareness on the role of
natural resources in economic growth and the importance of environmental
conservation and ecological balance towards sustained national development.
2. Republic Act No. 10068- REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10068- AN ACT PROVIDING
FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
IN THE PHILIPPINES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES otherwise known as the
“Organic Agriculture Act of 2010”
This law mandates that the State to promote, propagate, develop further and
implement the practice of organic agriculture in the Philippines that will
cumulatively condition and enrich the fertility of the soil, increase farm productivity,
reduce pollution and destruction of the environment, prevent the depletion of
natural resources, further protect the health of farmers, consumers, and the
general public, and save on imported farm inputs. Towards this end, a
comprehensive program for the promotion of community-based organic agriculture
systems which include, among others, farmer-produced purely organic fertilizers
such as compost, pesticides and other farm inputs, together with a nationwide
educational and promotional campaign for their use and processing as well as
adoption of organic agriculture system as a viable alternative shall be undertaken.
The State recognizes and supports the central role of the farmers, indigenous
people and other stakeholders at the grassroots in this program.
3. Republic Act No. 10618- AN ACT ESTABLISHING RURAL FARM SCHOOLS

AS ALTERNATIVE DELIVERY MODE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION, AND
APPROPRIATING FOR FUND THEREFOR otherwise known as the "Rural Farm
Schools Act of 2013".

This law mandates that the State to protect and promote the right of all citizens to
quality education at all levels and take appropriate steps to make such education
accessible to all. Further to this, the State shall establish, maintain and support a
complete, adequate and integrated system of education relevant to the needs of
the people and society and encourage non-formal, informal and indigenous
learning systems, as well as self-learning, independent and out-of-school study
programs particularly those that respond to community needs.
This law also link with the ADDU implementation to K-12 Enhanced Basic
Educational Reform.
4. Republic Act No. 10533 - AN ACT ENHANCING THE PHILIPPINE BASIC

EDUCATION SYSTEM BY STRENGTHENING ITS CURRICULUM AND
INCREASING THE NUMBER OF YEARS FOR BASIC EDUCATION,
APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
This law is otherwise known as The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and

12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of
Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide
sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and
prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development,
employment, and entrepreneurship.
5. Republic Act No. 10644- AN ACT PROMOTING JOB GENERATION AND

INCLUSIVE GROWTH THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICRO, SMALL
AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES otherwise known as the “Go Negosyo Act of
2014”.
This law mandates that the State to foster national development, promote inclusive
growth, and reduce poverty by encouraging the establishment of micro, small and
medium enterprises (MSMEs) that facilitate local job creation, production and trade
in the country.
Under SEC.9.Composition of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

Development (MSMED) Council. (e) Development of Entrepreneurial Education
and Training. – The MSMED Council shall develop, in coordination with the
Department of Education, TESDA and CHED, a course curriculum or training
program in entrepreneurship that will promote entrepreneurial culture and
competence. Entrepreneurship shall be integrated in the curriculum of educational
and training institutions in all levels.
Given the national legal framework and the ADDU institutional goal of pursuing a concrete
Agribusiness Program and specifically establishing an Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo
Farm, there is a need to establish first a Baseline Study.

IV. Objectives
The general objectives of the baseline study is to provide an information base against
which to monitor and assess an activity’s progress and effectiveness during
implementation and after the activity is completed.
Furthermore, the specific objectives of the Baseline Study in the Agricultural land in Sitio
Cogon, Barangay Sirawan, Toril District, Davao City shall include as follows:
1. To establish an agriculture ecological profile consisting of physical aspect,

biological aspect, environmental aspect, and socio-economic aspect.
2. To come up with sound findings, recommendation, immediate next steps and
conclusion.
3. To prepare and submit a Baseline Study Report for review and basis for decision
process of the key stakeholders of ADDU.
4. To establish a basis to start the implementation of an Organic Agriculture Techno-
Demo Farm in ADDU agricultural land in Sitio Cogon, Barangay Sirawan, Toril
District here in Davao City.
V. Methodologies
The methodologies in the preparation of a Baseline Study Report must strictly observe
the scientific approaches acceptable in the international and local practices of experts in
the field of agriculture and environment which will include but not limited on the following:
1. Conduct of ocular inspection and Global Positioning System (GPS) geophysical

survey in order to determine by mete and bounds the terrain, topography, contours,
soil and water characteristics and potential uses to make a study on the physical
aspect of the project site;
2. Make an assessment of the biological aspect through transect quadrant and
transect line methods to inventory and assess the status of the various flora and
fauna species that can be found in the project site;
3. Make an assessment of the status of the environmental and natural resources
parameters like the extent of soundness and/or “pollution”, “degradation”, and
“depletion”.
4. Conduct data gathering on the socio-cultural aspect through secondary data
gathering and primary information gathering through interview of key stakeholders
and locals to make a profile of political, economic and socio-cultural practices of
the people in the project site and its immediate environs for social mobilization and
possible development of a social enterprise;
5. Write and expound appropriate analysis and relevant findings and
recommendation for the top management of ADDU for necessary decisions;

6. Provide a list of an immediate interventions for a doable agribusiness program and

realization of an Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo Farm.
VI. Expected Output
The expected output of the entire process of the Baseline Study shall be a Baseline Study
Report containing information and an agriculture ecological profile consisting of physical
aspect, biological aspect, environmental aspect, and socio-economic aspect with
comprehensive analysis, significant findings, recommendation, immediate next steps and
conclusion.
VII. Project Assessment Team
The Project Assessment Team of the Baseline Study Component of the Agribusiness
Program and Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo Farm Proposed Project was composed
of the Department Chair and two (2) Faculty Members as shown in Table 1. –
Composition of the Project Assessment Team.
Table 1. – Composition of the Project Assessment Team

Composition Position
Reynaldo “Rey” C. Navacilla Member
Joeffrey “Joeff” L. Gomez Member
Fr. Archimedes “Kim” Lachica, SJ Member
VIII. Project Site
The project site is located in Purok 15, Sitio Cogon, Barangay Sirawan as shown in Map
1-Location Map-Barangay Sirawan. Barangay Sirawan where the said ADDU
agricultural land property is situated on the Southern part of Toril District, Davao City
bounded by Barangay Lizada in the East, Barangay Catigan in the West, portion of
Barangay Tibuloy and Barangay Binugao in the South and South East of Davao Gulf and
North in Marapangi. Sirawan has a total land Area of 952.50 hectares. It has a total of
sixteen (16) purok as the smallest unit in the Barangay. It features Riverbank and
Coastline as its locational characteristics, however, several puroks including Purok 15 are
highlands and slightly sloping and undulating terrain.
Barangay Sirawan is within the 3rd Congressional District of Davao City. The barangay
was created on June 19, 1965 by the virtue of the Enactment of Republic Act 4385
during the Fifth Congress. The travel distance is about 22.23 kms. away from the Davao
City hall proper and 24.0 kilometers away from Sta. Cruz, Davao del sur.
Barangay Sirawan boundaries

North
Marapangi
South
portion of Brgy. Tibuloy and Brgy. Binugao
East
Barangay Lizada
West Barangay Catigan
Map 1. – Location Map of Barangay Sirawan
The Project Site

Barangay Sirawan is strategically located within the proposed Tourism Development
Plan for the Three Ridges Integrated Area Development (TRIAD) Covering Barangays
Eden, Catigan, and Tagurano of Davao City, endorsed by the Department of Tourism

(DOT and Regional Development Council (RDC) XI as shown in Map 2- Vicinity Map
of ADDU Sirawan Farm.
Map 2- Vicinity Map of ADDU Sirawan Farm
ADDU Agri Farm
Barangay Sirawan is located north of Barangay Bayabas, and east of Barangay

Marapangi, south of Barangay Tibuloy and west of Barangay Sibulan. Distance from
the city proper (Davao City hall) is approximately 22.23 kilometers (Kms.),and 24
kilometers away from Sta. Cruz, Davao del sur. It is accessible by all means of land
transportation within 30-40 minutes travel time from city proper to the said barangay.
a. ADDU Agricultural Farm
The agricultural land owned by Ateneo de Davao University located in Purok 15, Sitio
Cogon, Barangay Sirawan, Toril District, Davao City which is 21.5 kilometers from the
ADDU Main Campus in E. Jacinto Street and/or Roxas Avenue, Davao City. The farm
has two (2) entrance gates as shown in Figure 1- Entrance gates of ADDU
Agricultural Farms.
b. ADDU Farm Facilities

There are existing facilities can be seen upon entrance at gate 1 like (1) an elevated
guard house, (2) a farm house, (3) water tank, (4) solar power light post and (5) concrete
post & barb wire perimeter fence and (6) inside farm road as shown in Figure 2-
Existing Facilities in the Farm.
Figure 1- Entrance Gates of ADDU Agricultural Farms
Gate 1 Gate 2
Figure 2- Existing Facilities in the Farm
(1) Elevated guard house (2) Farm house (3) Water tank

(4) Solar power light post (5) Concrete post & barb wire (6) Inside farm road
perimeter fence
ADDU agricultural farm has a total land area of 653,904 square meters or equivalent to
65.39 hectares consisting of 12 separate land titles as shown in Map 3-Consolidated
Sketch Plan.
Map 3- Consolidated Sketch Plan

IX. Highlights of the Results of the Assessment
In the ocular inspection conducted by Reynaldo C. Navacilla, Servant responsible for

the Agribusiness Program and Joeffrey Gomez, Entrepreneurship Department Chair
last August 15, 2014 as shown in Figure 3. – Ocular Inspection conducted by
Faculty Member Rey C. Navacilla and Entrepreneurship Dept. Chair Joeffrey L.
Gomez.
The ocular inspection is a reconnaissance activity in whole area under assessment in

order to familiarize the topography particularly terrain, slopes and landforms and soil
features and vegetative covers both planted and natural grown plant species.
Figure 3. – Ocular Inspection conducted by Entrepreneurship Dept. Chair

Joeffrey L. Gomez and Faculty Member Rey C. Navacilla
Entrep Dept. Chair Joeffrey L. Gomez Rey Navacilla pointing the Faculty Member Rey
& Faculty Member Rey Navacilla location of newly openned area Navacilla & interviewing
ocular inspection of the ADDU Sirawan after the clearing & grubbing Security Guard Mark
Farm Aloba
The results of the Agro-Ecological Assessment conducted by the Project Assessment

Team last August 21, 2014 are described here below:
1. Physical Aspect
1.1. Land
The agricultural land owned by Ateneo de Davao University located in Barangay Sirawan,
Toril District, Davao City has a total land area of 65.39 hectares which has a small portion

planted to high value commercial crops like “Lacatan” and “Durian” but has a dominant
vegetative covers of shrubs, grasses and herbs as shown in Figure 4- View of the
Agricultural land of ADDU in Barangay Sirawan.
Figure 4.- View of the Agricultural land of ADDU in Barangay Sirawan
Photo of farm road going to north direction Photo of farm road going to south direction
The Project Assessment Team composed of Faculty Member Rey C. Navacilla, Entrep.
Dept. Chair Joeffrey L. Gomez and Fr. Kim Lachica conducted an Agro-Ecological
Assessment last August 21, 2014 as shown in Figure 5. – Picture of the Project
Assessment Team, Rey C. Navacilla, Joeff L. Gomez & Fr. Kim Lachica. Other
person shown in the photos are the Security Guards assigned to watch and secure the
land properties owned by ADDU and including the improvements.

Figure 5. – Picture of the Project Assessment Team, Rey C. Navacilla, Joeff L.

Gomez & Fr. Kim Lachica
Rey Navacilla posed while doing the Project Assessment Team Fr. Kim Lachica, Joeffrey
reconnaissance activity, with two (2) segurity Gomez, Rey Navacilla together Security Guards
guards at the background Mark Aloba & Abner Peronia
During the conduct of Agro-Ecological Resource Assessment last August 21, 2014 the
Project Assessment Team used the Global Positioning System (GPS) unit model
GPSmap 62sc (GARMIN) as shown in Figure 6- Global Positioning System (GPS)
Unit. The key functions used in the GPS equipment includes the Satellite, Sight N Go
and Area Calculation.
Figure 6- Global Positioning System (GPS) Unit
Global Positioning System (GPS) Equipment

Agro-Ecological Resources Assessment is a process of assessing the bio-physical

resources of an agricultural area and its analysis includes the combinations of soil,
landform, vegetation, organisms and climatic characteristics. The particular parameters
of the assessment can be used in the definition focus attention on the climatic and edaphic
requirements of crops and on the management systems under which the crops are grown.
Each zone in the agricultural land has a similar combination of constraints and potentials
for land use, and serves as a focus for the targeting of recommendations designed to
improve the existing land-use situation, either through increasing production or by limiting
land degradation.
1.2. Soil Characteristic
Soil characteristic in the project site is alluvial loam in the uncultivated land area located
in the lower elevation. This area is enriched by the enormous amount of humos that has
been the results of the decaying of the biomass from the vegetative cover of the area.
While in the cultivated area planted with banana (lacatan variety) intercropped with
durian, in the higher elevation of the property has a” loamy sand” soil type and the texture
is “light”.
The basic topography of the agricultural land is “rolling” to “Undulating” and the water
supply is rainfed which is ideal for all types of agricultural crops. By and large, the fertility
of the soil is good taking into account the entire land area because it has still a high
nitrogen (N) elements, medium in terms of phosphorous (P) and but little bit deficient in
terms of potassium (K).
1.3. Soil Sampling
The method used in the soil sampling procedures and the materials needed is provided
here below:
Soil Sampling Procedure

1. Collect soil samples from 10 holes inside the 1meter by 1meter quadrant
2. One complete sample per site must contain 1 kilo soil sample, extracted from holes
with 2”-3” inches depth
3. Put inside a clean plastic cellophanes
4. Soil Samples must be submitted to the Soil Laboratory preferably within 24 hours
Soil Sampling Materials

1. Plastic Cellophanes
2. Pentel Pen
3. Bolo
4. Shovel
5. Weighing scales

The location of soil sampling activities were done in 5 stations with has a distance of 20
meters apart between stations. Each station has a coordinates reading from the GPS as
shown in Table 2. – Location where Soil Samples were taken
Table 2. – Location where Soil Samples were taken

Station Distance Coordinates
1. Sta. 1 20 meters N 07ᶞ00.014‫ۥ‬
E125ᶞ27.217‫ۥ‬
2. Sta. 2 20 meters N 07ᶞ00.025‫ۥ‬
E125ᶞ27.221‫ۥ‬
3. Sta. 3 20 meters N 07ᶞ00.036‫ۥ‬
E125ᶞ27.222‫ۥ‬
4. Sta. 4 20 meters N 07ᶞ00.047‫ۥ‬
E125ᶞ27.223‫ۥ‬
5. Sta. 5 20 meters N 07ᶞ00.058‫ۥ‬
E125ᶞ27.235‫ۥ‬
Proper sampling procedures were carried out at the project site as shown in Figure 7. –
Soil Sampling Procedures by the Project Assessment Team with the assistance of 2
security guards assigned in the ADDU agricultural land property.
Figure 7. – Soil Sampling Procedures
Soil samples put inside the plastic cellophane Extraction of soil samples inside the quadrant
The agricultural land is suitable for agricultural crop production because of has high
fertility as proven in the results of soil analysis performed by the Department of Agriculture
(DA) particularly in its Regional Soil Laboratory located in Bangoy Avenue and Lapu-Lapu
Street in Davao City as shown in Table 3. – Parameters needed to establish in the Soil
Analysis.
Table 3. – Parameters needed to establish in the Soil Analysis

Parameters Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5
1. Nitrogen (N) 2.7 3.3 3.2 3.7 2.8
(%)
2. Phosphorous 4 9 6 9 6
(P), ppm
3. Potassium 150 118 136 204 177
(K),ppm
4. Potential 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.4
Hydrogen
(pH), 1:1
Analysis
Results of the laboratory analysis provided by the Regional Soil Laboratory in Region XI,
Department of Agriculture showed a strongly acid in the soil samples in 5 sites with ranges
from 5.3 to 5.4. These results of the pH test proved a high concentration of inorganic
fertilizers and chemical based pesticides and herbicides applied on the plants and
residues can be found on the soil.
The organic matter (OM) or nitrogen (N) found on the soil samples have varying levels
like 2.7% (moderate) at sample site 1, 3.3% (moderate) at sample site 2, 3.2% (moderate)
at sample site 3, 3.7% (high) at sample site 4 and 2.8% (moderate) at sample site 5.
The agricultural land had a very low phosphorous (P) property which means that fertility
not ideal for plant to grow healthy. Evidently, soil samples extracted from 5 samples sites
(SS) showed a very low (VL) values in parts per million (ppm) specifically SS1 (4 ppm),
SS2 (9 ppm), SS3 (6 ppm), SS4 (9 ppm) and SS5 (6 ppm).
It was also established in the soil laboratory results that the soils samples showed
possibly deficient of potassium (K) with values specifically SS1 (150 ppm), SS2 (118
ppm), SS3 (136 ppm), SS4 (204 ppm) and SS5 (177 ppm).
This prevailing soil condition in the cultivated area with existing crops of banana (lacatan)
and durian needs to be treated with agricultural lime like 4 tons per hectare for the banana
plantation, 3 tons per for durian and 4 tons per hectares if cacao will be pIanted.
Assuming that in the future, the existing cultivated area planted with banana and durian
will be converted into organic farm, then it would require that if the area will be planted
with culinary herbs and species like basil, then, the nutrient requirement will be 50 (N),

60 (P205), K20 (30) kg./tree/year and if we will plant yellow ginger 40 (N), 60 (P205), 60
(K20) kg./tree/year.
The parameters for soil analysis that were taken into account by the Regional Soil
Laboratory are pH observing the soil reaction on the reagents applied in one is on ratio
(1:1), wilde’s model for organic matter (N) in percentage (%) , Disen for phosphorus (P)
in parts per million (ppm), H2So4 Ext’s for potassium (K) also in parts per million (ppm).
1.4. Water Resources
1.4.1. Ground Water
The sources of water in the ADDU Farm has two (2) sources particularly from the water
tank (BestTank) which has a holding capacity of 50 cubic liters and the extracted from
ground water pump from underground by a pump booster powered by electricity. Water
samples at least 2 plastic bottles which one plastic container has a net content of 1 liter
were taken from water tank as shown in Figure 8. – Water Sampling Procedures (Water
Tank).
It was two (2) times water samples were done from both the water tank (Best Tank) and
at the creek particularly last August 22, 2014 about 2 liters were collected and the
September 23, 2014 about 1 gallon was collected due to the required parameters of the
laboratory analysis
Figure 8. – Water Sampling Procedures (Water Tank)
First Water Sample (Aug. 22, Second Water Sample (Sept. Source of Water Sample - Water
2014)-Water tank 23, 2014)-Water Tank Tank
Analysis

The laboratory results of the water sample analysis on the water coming the water tank
(Best tank) has a normal level of Bio-Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and therefore it is safe for drinking. However, the
presence of high level of chlorine on the water would render it not usable for organic
farming because it can kill all the beneficial microorganisms on the soils and plants.
1.4.2. Creek
Another water samples were also taken from Creek as shown in Figure 9. – Water
Sampling Procedures (Creek). Water from creek traversing the agricultural land of
ADDU as well as run-off water can be source of water for irrigation in the farm and can
be developed into a fresh water pond or aqua-culture for fresh water fishes.
However, it is not certain whether this potential water source can be used for possible
organic farming considering the fact that the neighboring farm may have been using
chemical based fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides.
Analysis
It is quite revealing that the water samples collected from the creek shows a high level of
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) at 4.2ppm. While the values of Bio-Oxygen Demand
(BOD) was 0.766ppm from H2O inside the tank and 3.5ppm from H2O coming from the
creek. While, the Oil/grease parameter showed 0.0002ppm from H20 extracted from the
creek and about 0.2ppm of Lead was also found from H20 coming from the creek.
These residues found in the water samples from the creek may be coming from the
synthetic agricultural inputs used in growing lacatan and durian particularly urea and
complete fertilizers. It was also found out that for the control of pests and plant diseases
the daily wage workers cultivating the farm uses chemical-based inputs like malathion,
decis-e and dithane and for the eradication and control of grasses, weeds and sedges a
potent herbicide was used particularly “Round-Up” produced by Monsanto-a US Based
Agro-Chemical Company.
Figure 9. – Water Sampling Procedures (Creek)

First Water Samples (Aug. 22, Second Water Sample (Sept. 23, Source of Water Sample -Creek
2014)- Creek 2014)- Creek
1.4.3. Run-Off Water
Another possible source of water can be from run-off water during rainy days and also
surface waters impounded in small pond in low laying area in the agricultural land of
ADDU.
Any farm or agricultural land found to be acidic or all bodies of waters both underground
and surface found containing chemical based fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides cannot
be used immediately for organic farming. Under the Philippine National Standards for
Organic Agriculture will require the said conventional farm(s) to be converted into organic
farm(s) for a conversion period of two (2) years. It is therefore important to consider this
reality when we intend to pursue the proposed organic farm to be initiated by Agribusiness
Program of the Entrepreneurship Department of the School of Business and Governance.
To ascertain whether that the water sources from creeks and run-off waters can used for
organic farming, water samples were collected from the two (2) water sources like from
the water tank and from creek.
1.4.4. Water Sampling

The method used in the water sampling procedure and the materials needed is provided
here below:
Water Sampling Procedures

1. Prepare a sterilized Plastic water containers at 1 liter capacity
2. Collect and put water sample in each 1 liter Plastic containers
3. Make sure the every water sample site or source must have 2 liters samples
4. Put a label on every plastic container using masking tape and pentel pen marking
the Farm soil source, location, date and time collected
5. Put inside the Ice Bucket containing ice cubes the plastic containers containing
water samples
6. Water samples must be submitted to Laboratory within 8 hours
Water Sampling Materials

1. 8 pcs Plastic containers (1 liter content)
2. Pentel Pen
3. Masking Tape
4. Ice Bucket
5. Ice Cubes
The water samples collected last August 21, 2014 from water tank and creek with the
corresponding location and coordinates as shown in Table 4. - Location where Water
Samples were taken.
Table 4. - Location where Water Samples were taken

Station Location Coordinates
1. Water Tank Beside the Farm House N 07ᶞ00.023‫ۥ‬
E125ᶞ27.230‫ۥ‬
2. Creek 500 meters away from the N 08ᶞ00.0121‫ۥ‬
farm entrance gate E124ᶞ20.011‫ۥ‬
Subsequently, the water samples were brought to the Chemistry Analytical And Research
Laboratory (CARL) of Ateneo de Davao University last August 22, 2014 for water
analysis. The result of laboratory analysis of water samples from water tank on the
important parameters as shown in Table 5. - Parameters needed to establish in the
Water Analysis from Water Tank.
1.4.5. Water Tank

Table 5. - Parameters needed to establish in the Water Analysis from Water Tank
Parameters Number of Sample Result (ppm)
1 2
(2 liters) (1 gallon)
1. Bio-Oxygen Demand 0.766
(BOD)
2. Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
3. Total Suspended Solid 1 2.0
(TSS) ppm
The laboratory results of the water sample analysis on the water coming the water tank
(Best tank) has a normal level of Bio-Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and therefore it is safe for drinking. However, the
presence of high level of chlorine on the water would render it not usable for organic
farming because it can kill all the beneficial microorganisms on the soils and plants.
Likewise, the result of laboratory analysis of water samples from the creek on the
important parameters as shown in Table 6. - Parameters needed to establish in the
Water Analysis from the Creek.
1.4.6. Creek
Table 6. - Parameters needed to establish in the Water Analysis from Creek
Parameters Number of Sample Result (ppm)

1 2
(2 liters) (1 gallon)
1. Bio-Oxygen Demand 3.5
(BOD)
2. Total Suspended Solid 1 4.25
(TSS) ppm
3. Oils & Grease 0.0002
4. Lead 0.2
It is quite revealing that the water samples collected from the creek shows a high level
Bio-Oxygen Demand at 3.5ppm and the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) is at 4.25ppm. It
has high level also of pesticides like 0.0002ppm, as well as oils & grease with 0.0002ppm
and finally, lead content with 0.2ppm.
The impact of pesticides on the environment consists of the effects of pesticides on non-
target species. Over 98% of sprayed insecticides and 95% of herbicides reach a

destination other than their target species, because they are sprayed or spread across
entire agricultural fields. Runoff can carry pesticides into aquatic environments while wind
can carry them to other fields, grazing areas, human settlements and undeveloped areas,
potentially affecting other species. Other problems emerge from poor production,
transport and storage practices. Over time, repeated application increases pest
resistance, while its effects on other species can facilitate the pest's resurgence.
Each pesticide or pesticide class comes with a specific set of environmental concerns.
Such undesirable effects have led many pesticides to be banned, while regulations have
limited and/or reduced the use of others. Over time, pesticides have generally become
less persistent and more species-specific, reducing their environmental footprint. In
addition the amounts of pesticides applied per hectare have declined, in some cases by
99%. However, the global spread of pesticide use, including the use of older/obsolete
pesticides that have been banned in some jurisdictions, has increased overall.
On this situation, there is a need to rehabilitate the water quality in the creek so that the
water running through it can be used for organic farming in the future.
2. Biological Aspect
2.1. Flora
The approach used in Agri-Ecological Assessment for the Floral inventory was transect
quadrant method for micro-flora and transect line method for the macro-flora as shown in
Figure 10. – Transect Quadrant Procedures.
Figure 10. – Transect Quadrant Procedures

Measure a distance of 20 Place the Quadrant at the stattion Make an inventory of the biomass
meters to establish a station inside the quadrant
Transect Line Method
The procedure undertaken in the inventory of macro-flora as part of the agro-ecological

resource assessment was following the Transect Line Method.
Transect Line Method requires that at least 5 sampling sites for the inventory of floral
species with interval of 100 meters away in an agricultural land setting;
Materials needed in the Transect Line Method includes the following:
1. 50 meters measuring tape (metric scale)

2. 150 meters Nylon Rope
3. 10 pcs. Bamboo Slant Stakes
4. 1 Quart Enamel Paint
5. 1 pc. 2 inches Paint Brush
2.2. Scientific Names of Crops and Plants Investigated
The common tree species that can be found in the ADDU Farm includes the following:
2.2.1. Indigenous Trees

Table 7. Species of Indigenous Trees
No. Species Common Scientific Name Number

Name of Trees
1. Molave Tugas Vitex parviflora 96
2. Narra Agaña Pterocarpus 43
indicus
3. Lauan Meranti, Petersianthus 5

Bagtikan quadrialatus
Balete, Baliti Stranger Figs Ficus 10
arayatensis,
Ficus stipulosa
Miq.
4. Alum Alum, V. Mallotus 28
Inyawan ricinoides Muel
5. Soap Berry Anonang Cordia 22
dichotomia
6. Mahogany, Crabwood Mahogany Swieteria 378
macrophylia
7. Gmelina, Beechwood Gmelina, Gmelina arborea 2,000
Yemane
8. Hawaiian Giant Ipil-ipil Ipil-ipil Leucaena 12
leucocephala
Legumunosae
9. Palm Tree Buri, Buli Corypha elata 2
10. Coconut Lubi Cocos nucifera 100
11. Tropical Almond Talisay Terminalia 4
catappaa
12. Bamboo Kawayan Bambusa 5
blumeana
13. Kakawate Madre de Gliricidia sepium 8
Cacao
There are several trees in the farm like 1-chinese bamboo and 4 native bamboos, 8 madre
de cacao in the cultivated area. While, in the uncultivated area of the farm have tree
species like 96 tugas, , 43 narra, 96 molave, 5 lauan, 10 balite trees, 28 alum, 22
anonang, 378 mahogany ,2000 Gmelina, 12 gaint ipil-ipil, 12 ipil-ipil, 2 buri, 100 coconuts,
4 talisay.
2.2.2. Food/Cash Crops

Table 8. – Species of Food and Cash Crops

N Classification of Common Name English Scientific Names Number
o. Crops of Plants
1. Food crops Kamoteng Kahoy Cassava Manihot esculenta 6
2. Cash crops Lacatan Banana Musa acuminate 1, 100
3. Vegetables Talong Eggplant Solanum 4
melongena L
4. Kamungay, Horse radish Moringa oleifera 8
Malunggay tree lam
5. Okra Ladies' fingers Abelmoschus 28
esculentus
6. Karlang Tropical Yam Amorphophallus 1
campanulatus
7. Alugbati Malabar Night Basella rubra Linn 1 sq.mtr.
Shade
8. Talbos ng Camote Tops Ipomoea batatas 2 sq.mtrs.
Kamote
There are 6 kamoteng kahoy, 1,100 bananas (Lacatan variety) planted around 4 months
old around 2.5 hectares. 4 talong, 8 kamunggays, 28 okras, 1 karlang, 10 square meters
area of ganas and 2 sq. meters of camote tops in the cultivated area of the farm.
2.2.3. Fruit Trees & Agroforestry Crops
Table 9. – Species of Fruit Trees & Agroforestry Crops

No. Common Name English Scientific Names Number
of Trees
1. Durian Durian Durio zibethinus 64
2. Bayabas Guava Psidium guajava 5
3. Rambutan Rambutan Nephelium 6
lappaceum
4. Mangga Mango Mangifera indica 115
5. Marang Marang Artocarpus 6
odoratissimus
6. Langsat Lanzones Lansium 5
domesticum
7. Santol Cotton Fruit Sandoricum 10
koetjape
8. Nangka Jack Fruit Artocarpus 5
heterophyllus
9. Boungon Pomelo Citrus maxima 1
10. Kaymito Star Apple Chrysophyllum 2
cainito

11. Tisa Evergreen Tree Pouteria 2

campechiana
12. Macopa Rose Apple Syzygium 1
samarangense
There are 64 durian planted in the farm about 4 months old intercropped with saging lacatan
(bananas), while in the largely uncultivated portion of the farm, it has a variety of agro-forest
plants like 6 rambutan, 5 lansones,5 nangka (jackfruit), 6 Marang, 5 bayabas (guavas), 1
boungon (pomelo) , 2 kaymito (star apple), 10 santol, 2 Tisa, 1 macopa. There are 15
mangga (mango) trees in the farm specifically 5 mangang cebu variety and 10 centennial
mango and also almost 100 new mango trees planted in the farm.
Transect Quadrant Method
The procedure undertaken in the inventory of micro-flora as part of the agro-ecological

resource assessment was following the Transect Quadrant Method.
Transect Quadrant Method requires that at least 5 sampling sites for the inventory of micro-
floral species with interval of 100 meters away in an agricultural land setting;
Materials needed in the Transect Quadrant Method includes the following:
The materials needed for the transect quadrant method includes:
1. 1 meter x 1 meter Bamboo slat Quadrant

2. 40 meter Measuring Tape
3. Engineer Field Book
4. Pencil
5. Bamboo Slant stakes
6. Rubber tie from worn interior tire
General assessment on floral aspect of the project site including planted species of
banana, durian, mango and coconut as shown in Figure 11. – Samples Crops in the
ADDU Agricultural Land.
Figure 11. – Samples Crops in the ADDU Agricultural Land

Rey Navacilla walking towads View of Coconut Trees with Mango Banana (Lacatan Variety)
banana farm Trees at the background
Other vegetation includes some medicinal plants naturally growing in the project site like
herbal and medicinal plants as shown in Table 10. – Species of Herbal and Medicinal
Plants.
2.2.4. Herbal/Medicinal Plants & Culinary Herbs
Table 10. – Species of Herbal/Medicinal Plants & Culinary Herbs

No. Classification Common Name English Scientific Names Number of
of Crops Plants
1. Herbal/Medicin Suganda Oregano Coleus aromaticus 4
al plants benth
2. Lagundi Five-leaved Vitex negundo L 8
chaste tree
3. Dahong Espada Aloe Vera Aloe 2
perfoliata var. vera
4. Culinary Herbs Tanglad Lemon Grass Andropogon 4
& Spices citratus
5. Kalawag (Dulaw) Ginger, Curcuma 6
Turmeric domestica Valet
6. Sangig Spearmint or Mentha spicata L 2
peppermint
The herbal/medicinal plants can be propagated with a significant volume in order to

produce processed products for the promotion of health and wellness of the people and

customers. These plants can also serve as biological pest control pants which an
essential component of organic agriculture and natural farming technology system.
However, the most dominant vegetation in the agricultural land of ADDU are grasses and
herbs which consist of 92% of the total land area, while, the agricultural land area is just
8% as shown in Table 11. – Species of Grasses and Sedges.
2.2.5. Grasses and Sedges
Table 11. – Species of Grasses & Sedges

No. Common name English Scientific name Photos
1. Laua-laua Carabao grass Paspalum
conjugatum P. J.
Bergius
2. Pandan Invasive Grass Cyperus rotundus

tuber
3. Bila-bila (p. bis.), Wire grass, dog's Eleusine indica (linn.)

paragis tail gaertn.
4. Buto-butones Nut grass Cyperus rotundus

mutha linn.

5. Kawad-kawaran Bermuda grass Cynodon

dactylon linn.
6. Hibî-hibî, Shy grasses Mimosa pudica

makahiya
7. Simsim, Pigweed, little Portulaca oleracea

hogweed
gulasiman
8. Amor seco Love grass Andropogon

aciculatus
9. Acapulco Candle Bush Cassia alata

flowers

10. Bugáng, talahib Kans grass Saccharum

spontaneum
11. Cogon - kogon Blady grass Imperata cylindrica
12. Kanding-kanding Blue Snakeweed, Stachytarpheta

jamaicensis
13. Pako Fern Athyrium esculentum;
14. Sagbot Cabbage grass
15. Pappus Milk weeds Asclepias syriaca

16. Pandan wangi Pandan grass Pandanus odorus
17. Saluyot Spinach, jute Corchorus olitorius

mallow
18. Egyptian grass Crowfoot grass Dactyloctenium

aegyptium
19. Three Lobed Ipomoea indica

Morning Glory
20. Jointed Goat Aegilops cylindrica

grass Host.
21. Napier Grass Para Grass Pennisetum

purpureum

22. Cover crop Moti-moti

Perrenial Peanut Arachis glabrata
(Vines)
Plant
23. Devil Weeds Hagonoy Datura stramonium
24. bahô-bahô- Utot- Utot-utot (Vines) Lantana camara

utot; koronitas; ka
ntutay;
25. Kulitis Amaranth Amaranthus spinosus

L.
In general, there are 25 common species of grasses and sedges in the farm as shown
in the above stated list and the corresponding photos/images. In the cultivated portion
of the farm, it has 5 species of grasses like makahiya, cabbage grass, pandan, cover
crop and milkweeds. However, in the uncultivated portion of the farm have all the 25
common grasses and sedges. Saluyot is only one grass that is edible as culinary
vegetable growing in the farm.
Including vegetation of natural growth of flowers endemic in tropical ecology like flower
species as shown in Table 12. – Species of Flowers and Figure 12-Pictures of Select
Flowers in the Farm.

2.2.6. Flowers
Table 12. – Species of Flowers

Classification of Common Name English Scientific Names
Flowers
Flowers Antuwanga - Gumamela, Hibiscus; Hibiscus
Shoeflower
rosa sinensis
Duranta Golden Duranta Duranta repens

Linn
Santan Flame of the Woods Ixora coccinea Linn
Paragayo San francisco Codiaeum

Sagilala variegatum
Kampanilya; Yellow bell Allamanda
cathartica
Bombil bougainvillea Bougainvillea
kalachuchi frangipani; Plumeria Plumiera rubra
Figure 12. Pictures of Select Flowers in the Farm
Analysis
Vegetation cover of soil and ecological stability of land surface can be classified among
agro-ecological indicators to evaluate land surface resources, ecosystem equilibrium, and
degree of implementation of sustainable production systems in agriculture.
At the ADDU agricultural land was found to show good soil protectiveness of vegetation
cover whereas land surface showed low to medium high level of ecological stability.

3. Faunal Species
3.1. Fauna
The approach used in Agri-Ecological Assessment for the Faunal inventory was transect
quadrant method for micro-fauna and transect line method for macro-fauna.
Specifically, the Project Assessment Team conducted ocular inspection, direct

observation and also conducted the interviews of caretaker and workers of the farm as
well as some local residents outside the property perimeter of ADDU agricultural land in
order to have an inventory of the vertebrate animals that can be found within the area of
study.
The common animal species that can be found in the ADDU Farm which are ruminating
within the vicinity as shown in Table 13.- List of Domestic Animal Species as well as
in there pictures as shown in Figure 13- Domestic Animals ruminating in the project
site. Most of these domestic animals are raised by residents in the adjacent properties.
3.2. Domestic Animals
Table 13.- List of Domestic Animal Species

Species Common Name Scientific Name
1. Dog Iro, Aso Canis lupus familiaris
2. Cat Iring, Pusa Felis catus
3. Goat Kanding, Kambing Capra aegagrus hircus
4. Pig Baboy Sus scrofa domesticus
Figure 13- Domestic Animals ruminating in the project site

The Security Guards assigned in farm have raised their own pet dogs and cats, while
there are goats and pigs that ruminates in the farm which are owned by the neighboring
farm households.
There were also sightings by the Project Assessment Team of some domestic fowls
inside the ADDU agricultural land and caretaker informed us that these fowls as shown
in Table 14.- List of Fowls as well as in Figure 14- Photos of domestic fowls are
owned by farmers in the nearby agricultural lands.
3.3. Avian Species
3.3.1. Domestic Fowls
Table 14.- List of Fowls

Classification Common Names English Scientific Names
Fowls Bisayang Manok Chicken Gallus gallus
domesticus
Itik, Pato Ducks Anas platyrhynchos
Figure 14- Photos of Domestic Fowls
Native Chickens Ducks

There are several native chickens in the farm raised by the security guards assigned in
the farm numbering 38 birds as shown in Figure 15- Birds Species frequenting the
farm.
3.3.2. Birds
No. Common Name English Name Scientific Name

Alimukon White-eared Brown Dove Phapitreron leucotis
Tukmo Philippine Cuckoo-Dove Macropygia tenuirostris
Kurokok Birdsong Turdus merula
Tamsi Olive backed Sunbird Cinnyris jugularis

Pirok-pirok Yellow-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus goiavier

samarensis
Maya Passerine birds Lonchura atricapilla
Figure 15- Birds Species frequenting the farm
Alimukon Tukmo Kukok
Tamsi Maya Pirok-pirok
There are 6 species of birds frequenting the farm which include the alimukon, tukmo,
kukok, tamsi, maya and pirok-pirok. There were also sighting of Philippine Eagles
(Pithecophaga jefferyi) but the species are not known by the local residents.
Also in the Transect Line Method of agro ecological resource assessment, the
Assessment Team also sighted some reptiles and rodent as shown in Table 15. – List of
Reptiles and Figure 16- Photos of Reptiles found in the project site. The Project
Assessment Team also found a colony of rats or rodents as shown in Table 16 and
Figure 17.
3.4. Reptiles
Table 15. – List of Reptiles

1. Snakes Bitin, Ahas Serpentes
2. Gecko Tuko Gekkonidae

3. Lizard Tabili Lacertilia
Figure 16- Photos of Reptiles found in the project site
Significantly, some colonies of rats were also found in the project sites located in holes
besides the creek and in dense shrubs and grasses growing in the area.
Rodents
Table 16- Rodent

1. Rat Ilaga, Daga Rattus rattus
Figure 17 - Photo of Rodent taken in the area
Rat (Ilaga, Daga) scientific name: Rattus rattus
Several organisms were also found in the project site like Insects which are endemic in
tropical ecology like the Davao City as shown in Table 17. – List of Insects as well as
Photos as shown in Figure 18.

3.5. Insects
Table 17. – List of Insects

No. Species Common Name Scientific Name
1. Millipede Labod Diplopoda
2. Centipede Ulohipan Chilopoda
3. Red Ants Holmigas Solenopsis
4. Crickets Gangis Gryllidae
5. Bees Lampinig Anthophila
6. Dragon Fly Alindanaw Anisoptera
7. Butterfly Alibangbang Rhopalocera
8. Grasshoppers Apan-apan Caelifera
9. Moth Utitod lepidoptera
10. Praying Mantis Bayingbaying Mantodea
11. Fly Langaw Diptera
12. Mosquito Lamok culicidae
13. Spider Damang Araneae
14. Forest Tent Caterpillar Til-as Malacosoma disstria
Hübner
Figure 18- Photos of Insects found in the project site


There were 10 insects identified during the agro-ecological assessment which are
indicated on tables and figures of insects stated above. Most of these insects can be used
in biological pest control against insects that destroys the crops.These insects were
actually captured using the fish net with small eye 20mm and swath in the grasses in
several locations. All insects captured were identified and counted. This procedure
commonly performed as one of the methods in taxonomy.
4. Environmental Aspect
4.1. Pollution
4.1.1. Water Pollution
Water pollution was observed in the ADDU agricultural land as proven in the water
analysis done by the Ateneo Chemical and Analytical Research Laboratory?.
4.1.2. Land Acidification
A slight manifestation of acidification of the agricultural land particularly in the areas

planted to Banana (Lakatan variety) and Durian that uses chemical based fertilizers,
herbicides and pesticides.
4.1.3. Air Pollution
In general, there was no adverse deterioration of Air Quality in the horizon of the entire
ADDU agricultural land and even in the 50 kilometer radius from the epicenter of the 65.5
hectares ADDU Agricultural land.
However, air pollution was occurring in the agricultural land especially every time spraying
of herbicides and pesticides were conducted by the caretaker and the workers in the
ADDU Farm.

4.2. Waste Management
4.2.1. Solid Waste Management
No problem yet obtaining in the ADDU agricultural land. Most of the waste generated has
been agricultural biomass and grasses and weeds which can be used for composting and
organic fertilizer production.
The provisions of the Philippine Clean Air Act must be observed particularly the practice
of “No burning” and proper “Waste Recycling”..
There is a need to establish an organic composting and vermin-culture production

facilities in the project site in order to have a sustainable natural farming system.
4.2.2. Liquid Waste Management
It is also important consider to take alternative in managing the liquid waste particularly
from foliar fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides used in the current conventional farming
system particularly in ADDU current banana (lacatan variety) and durian plantation.
5. Socio-Economic Aspect
5.1. Demography
In the conduct of the study on the socio-economic aspect of the baseline study, the Project
Team Leader had gather relevant secondary data from the City Government of Davao
through the City Planning and Development Office and the Barangay Council of Barangay
Catigan.
Important documents like the Comprehensive Land Use Plan of Davao City and the
updated Barangay Socio-Economic Profile and Barangay Development Plan of Barangay
Catigan.
Likewise, direct observations and key informants interviews were conducted to selected
stakeholders and locals within Barangay Catigan.
5.2. Economic Conditions
The ADDU Agricultural land is located in Sitio Cogon, Barangay Sirawan, Toril District,
Davao City. Barangay Catigan is a 5th class barangay and most of the residents are
mostly farmers. Poverty incidence is at 70% among the population of the barangay. A
high end subdivision is located in Barangay Catigan is the Villa de Mercedes developed
by Uraya Land Development Inc. (ULDI) as shown in Figure 19- Villa de Mercedes. One
of the prominent residents in the nearby barangay Catigan is Mr. Baste Duterte who is
the son of Mayor Rodrigo “Digong” Duterte. The Gawad Kalinga (GK) Village is also

located in the barangay and the GK beneficiaries are growing ube and processing the
ube into ube jam and other pastries and candies.
Figure 19- Villa de Mercedes
The picture of a push subdivision Villa de Mercedes, in Barangay Sirawan, Toril,

Davao City is next to Gumate Creek which is connected with the ADDU agricultural
farm.
5.3. Roads
The roads from crossing where the checkpoint of Task Force Davao in Barangay Sirawan
up to Barangay Catigan passing through the ADDU Farm is a concrete road pavement
as shown in Figure 20.
Figure 20 – Roads to Barangay Catigan
Cemented Road from Crossing Sirawan to Brgy. Catigan passing through te ADDU Farm located in Sitio
Cogon, Barangay Sirawan, Toril, Davao City

5.4. Cultural
The original dwellers are mostly Muslim Tribes which comprises of Kalagan Muslim is
highest number, Tausug, Maguindanao, Sangil and maranao while only Bagobo lumad
tribe resides in the Barangay and assimilated with settlers such as Ilonggo, Ilocano,
Boholano and Cebuano. Sirawan was also known as the home of rebel returnees from
the group of MNLF, MILF and NPA’s whom are currently living peacefully with the majority
of the populace and actively participates economic and community activities. The local
residents remains very religious with the presence of chapel and Gagmayng
Kristohanong Katilingban (GKK) near the entrance gate of ADDU as shown in the Figure
21- Chapel of San Roque
Figure 21- Chapel of San Roque
5.5. Tourism
Also near the ADDU Farm particularly in Barangay Catigan is blessed with the presence
of the shrine of Our Lady of Catigan at the Ave Maria Grotto developed by prominent
Dabawenya Sonja Rodriguez, the founder of the Ave Maria Grotto and the lodging Casa
Maria as shown in Figure 22.

Figure 22- The shrine of Our Lady of Catigan at the Ave Maria Grotto
The shrine of Our Lady of Catigan at the Ave Maria Grotto stands out like a jewel in a
forest that’s home to fruit trees, hardwoods, foliage and tropical flowers.
5.6. Political Structures
Sirawan was created as Barangay on June 19, 1965 by the virtue of the Enactment of
Republic Act 4385 during the Fifth Congress of the Republic of the Philippines, in Fourth
Session, An Act to Revise the Charter of the City of Davao and for other purpose during
the administration of then Mayor Carmelo L. Porras of Davao City. That the City of
Davao as created by Commonwealth Act Numbered Fifty-one, as amended, shall
comprise the territories of the former Municipality of Davao and then Municipal District
of Guinga and shall include the following barrios: Sirawan, Mulig, Sibulan, Toril,
Tagurano, Tagluno, Tibuloy, Tungkalan, Daliaon Plantation and among other barrios
mentioned.
The incumbent elected barangay officials is headed by Barangay Captain Hon. Madjid C.
Lumpapac, and the barangay kagawads consist of Hon. Khalil A. Deporos, Hon. Tommy
T. Alauya, Hon. Evangeline M. Gilves, Hon. Michael S. Tiangui, Hon. Abdulah A. Mayo,
Hon. Ebrahim P. Coring, Hon. Ernesto T. Sarsonas and SK Chairman Hon. Ajzeem A.
Salilin. The appointed barangay officials includes Barangay Secretary Marcelino T. Baba
and Barangay Treasurer Abdulhamid S. Sajile.

X. Analysis and Findings
The existing farm of ADDU in Purok 15, Sitio Cogon, Barangay Sirawan, Toril District,
Davao City has an existing agricultural crops with at least 2 hectares of Banana (Lakatan
variety) intercropped with Durian located in the south side of the agricultural land.
The said agricultural crops have been maintained using chemical based fertilizers,
pesticides and herbicides.
Decision concerning the highest and best use of the land belong to the top echelon of the
university so therefore this must be discussed and possible options must weighed
properly by concerned middle group and top management consistent with the university’s
vision and mission.
In the instance that top management of ADDU will approve the proposal to establish an
Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo Farm then it will be one of the incubation facilities of
the Entrep. Dept for those students taking up BS Entrep and BS Entrep major in
Agribusiness.
However, the establishment of Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo Farm may include the
following alternative options:
1. Maintain the existing conventional farming system using chemical based fertilizers,
herbicides and pesticides and establish another new 2-hectares agribusiness farm
adjacent to the existing one.
2. Convert the existing Conventional Farm which uses chemical based agricultural
inputs to organic and natural farming technology system within a period of 2 years.
Then, after 2 years when the conversion will be totally complete, develop a new
organic production area for high value organically grown agricultural crops.
3. Maintain the existing conventional farming alongside establish a new organic and
natural farming technology system but a buffer zone will be established. The
proposed Organic Farm has to be established at least 2,000 meters away and a
buffer crops must be planted like bamboo and madre de cacao, and/or jathropa as
shown in Figure 23- Proposed Buffer Plants.
Figure 23- Proposed Buffer Plants

Bamboos Madre de Cacao Jathopa
Taking for instance Option No. 1, by just maintaining the conventional farming system
and simply add new agribusiness farm is certainly not aligned the institutional vision and
mission.
In case we will take Option No. 2, this option will usher into a smooth transition and will
not disrupt the existing agricultural production process and aligned with the institutional
vision and mission, but we delay the production of organic agricultural crops that will
generate income and additional employment.
For Option No. 3, this option will also usher into smooth transition to organic and natural
farming technology system, but, at the same time hasten the adoption to organic
agricultural production that will result to immediate income generation and additional
employment. It must also establish a buffer zone/strip that will separate between the
conventional farm and the new organic agriculture techno-demo farm.
XI. Recommendations
The proposed project need to undergo for the legitimization process in order to establish
an Organic Agriculture Techno-Deme Farm in the Ateneo de Davao University located in
Brgy. Catigan through the observance of proper channel in the decision-making process.
First, it must start from the meeting of the minds of the stakeholders in the
Entrepreneurship Department. Once the Entrepreneurship Department had firmed up its
decision to embark on the proposed project, the Department Chair must endorsed the
proposal to the SBG Dean and correspondingly must be brought for the deliberation and
approval of the Management Council of the School of Business and Governance (SBG).

The final approval must be done by the Board of Trustees under the endorsement of the
University President, Fr. Joel E. Tabora, SJ considering the implication of budgetary
requirement.
However, if the Project Assessment Team will ever make a choice, it will highly
recommended to take Option No. 3 which maintain the existing conventional farming
alongside with organic and natural farming technology system but a buffer zone will be
established. The proposed Organic Farm has to be established at least 2,000 meters
away and a buffer crops must be planted like bamboo (Kawayan) and madre de cacao
(Kakawate), and/or jathropa (Tuba-tuba).
Immediate Next Steps
Following the modality of approach, the scheme of implementation will be done in several
phases.
Phase 1- Pre-Implementation (Immediate Next Steps-Calendar Year 2014)
1. Prepare and submit a Baseline Study Report on the Current Status of the ADDU
agricultural land in Brgy. Catigan, Toril District, Davao City to the SBG Dean
through the Entrepreneurship Department
2. Present an Oral Report of the Baseline Study Report to the Management Council
of the School of Business and Governance (SBG)
3. Conduct Pre-Feasibility within the First Semester, SY 2014-2015
4. Prepare a Full-Blown Project Feasibility Study during the Second Semester, SY
2014-2015.
5. Prepare a Proposed Work and Financial Plan (WFP) for the establishment of
Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo Farm.
A Way Forward-Upscaling
Phase 2 – Implementation for the establishment of Organic Agriculture Techno-

Demo Farm (Calendar Year 2014-2016)
1. Implement the establishment of an Organic Farm consisting of 2 hectares Pilot

area as a start-up project to a way testing the water.
2. Access of external funding from government agencies like Department of
Agriculture (DA) through its Organic Agriculture Fund (See attached Annex B-
Guidelines for the provision of Production Support for the Promotion and
Development of Organic Agriculture) and from the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) particularly its CAPE (See attached Annex C- Consultancy for
Agricultural Productivity Enhancement), MPEX Program (See attached Annex D-

Manufacturing Productivity Extension Program and SET-UP (See attached Annex

E- Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program).
3. For students taking up BS Entrep and BS Entrep major in Agribusiness may avail
of funding from Commission on Higher Education (CHED) through its Student
Agribusiness Enterprise Loan Fund (See attached Annex F-Guidelines for the
Implementation of the Student Agribusiness Enterprise Loan Fund) for the
implementation of business plan.
Phase 3- Expansion as the long term direction (Calendar Year 2017-onward)
1. Expand the coverage area of the Organic Agriculture Farm from initial 2-hectares
to either 10 to 20 hectares and diversify the crops production.
2. Construction of the essential facilities of an Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo
Farm and gradually convert it into an integrated and diversified organic farm
complete with food processing facilities.
3. Develop and convert the entire Organic Farm and other facilities into and an agri-
tourism center and secure recognition from Department of Tourism.
Implementation Considerations
1. Adopt “No cutting of trees” and “No burning of grasses and other biomass” during
clearing and grubbing activities in the establishment of organic agriculture techno-
demo farm.
2. Utilize existing plants like herbal/medicinal and/or plants that can serve as
biological pest control and transfer it in appropriate areas based on Farm Plan.
3. Mobilize funding largely from external sources, but, welcome financial support from
ADDU management and other internal stakeholders.
4. Optimize the use of renewable energy like solar powered lighting facilities and wind
powered irrigation system.
5. Operationalize the four (4) major thrust of ADDU like F.I.R.E. in the process of
implementation particularly Formation (i.e. Orientation of internal stakeholders
during presence in the farm on environmental principles based on Catholic
Catechism on Environment) Instruction (i.e. BS Entrep and BS Entrep major in
Agribusiness), Research (i.e. Applied and Action Research part. Baseline Survey,
Pre-FS & Full-blown PFS, etc.) and Engagement (i.e. In Processing & Marketing
Schemes through Social Entrepreneurship).
6. Undertake continuous capacity building for administrators, faculty members and
student-leaders on entrepreneurship, agribusiness and organic agriculture.

XII. Conclusion
The Baseline Study Report laid the solid basis for the proposed establishment of an
Organic Farm in the ADDU Agricultural land in Brgy. Catigan. The realization of this
proposed project will concretized the mission statement of Ateneo de Davao University
“to establish its reputation as a leading higher educational institution that It promotes social
justice, gender equality, good governance, the creation of wealth and its equitable
distribution. It engages vigorously in environmental protection, the preservation of bio-
diversity, and the promotion of renewable energy. It leads in Philippine educational
reform, especially for the peoples of Southern Philippines”.

XIII. Annexes
Annex A- Data Records on the Transect Quadrant Method

Annex B – List of Interviewees of the Key Informants Interview
Annex C- Guidelines for the Provision of Production Support for the Promotion and
Development of Organic Agriculture
Annex D Brochure- Consultancy for Agricultural Productivity Enhancement (CAPE)
Annex E- Brochure- Manufacturing Productivity Extension Program (MPEX)
Annex F- Brochure – Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program (SET-UP)
Annex G- Guidelines for the Implementation of Student Agribusiness Enterprise Loan
Fund

ANNEX A - DATA RECORDS ON THE TRANSECT QUADRANT METHOD
Station No. 1
Grasses & herbs

Cabbage Grass Makahiya
Cover crop Cabbage
Milkweed Talong punay
Bila bila
HVACC
Banana Durian
Trees
Alum
Station No. 2
Grasses & herbs

Cabbage Grass Makahiya
Sparce vegetation
HVCC
Durian Banana
Station No. 3
Grasses & herbs

Cabbage Grass Cover crop
oregano

HVCC
Rambutan Durian
Station No. 4
Grasses & herbs

Bila-bila Makahiya
Cabbage
Station No. 5
Grasses & herbs

Cabbage Makahiya
Cover crop Cabbage
Flower
Golden Rosary
Duranta
HVCC
Guava Coconut

1. Aragdong
2. Pakapi
3. Banuaga
4. Binuangan
5. Bakas
6. Inyawan

ANNEX B – List of Interviewees of the Key Informants Interview
No. Name of Interviewees Gender Age Position Date

Interviewed
1. Mark Aloba Male 38 Security August 22,
Guard 2014
2. Arnel Peronia Male 42 Security August 26,
Guard 2014
3. Carte Maguana Male 28 Farm Oct. 4, 2014
Worker
4. Loloy Parba Male 33 Farm Oct. 4, 2014
Worker
5. Tata Lamban Male 27 Farm Oct. 4, 2014
Worker
6. Ameril Alauya Male 34 Farm Oct. 4, 2014
Worker

ANNEX C - Guidelines for the Provision of Production Support for the Promotion and
Development of Organic Agriculture
ANNEX D- Brochure- Consultancy for Agricultural Productivity Enhancement (CAPE)
ANNEX E - Brochure- Manufacturing Productivity Extension Program (MPEX)
ANNEX F - Brochure- Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program (SET-UP)
ANNEX G- Guidelines for the Implementation of Student Agribusiness Enterprise Loan
Fund
XIV. References
Barangay Socio-Economic Profile (BSEP), Barangay Council of Barangay Sirawan CY

2014
Barangay Development Plan (BDP), Barangay Council of Barangay Sirawan CY 2012-
2015

Baseline Report AdDU Farm Catigan Davao City Agr. Rey Navacilla, EnP

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Ateneo de Davao University

School of Business and Governance

Component of the Agribusiness Program

Reynaldo C. Navacilla, EnP, RA

Subsequently, the Faculty Members of the Entrepreneurship Department had formulated

This Agribusiness Program Framework includes a proposal to establish an Organic

Finally, a Work Plan for the establishment of an Organic AgricultureTechno-demo Farm

Agribusiness Program-Entrepreneurship Department Page 1

The proposal of establish an Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo Farm at the agricultural

The proposed “Ateneo ECOSAFE” or “Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo Farm” or any

The idea of establishing an Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo Center is a sound and

Moreover, establishing an Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo Center is an absolute

Agribusiness Program-Entrepreneurship Department Page 2

III. Policy Framework

Establishment of an Organic Agriculture Techno-Demo Farm will be in consonance with

1. Republic Act No. 9512- AN ACT TO PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL

3. Republic Act No. 10618- AN ACT ESTABLISHING RURAL FARM SCHOOLS

Agribusiness Program-Entrepreneurship Department Page 3

4. Republic Act No. 10533 - AN ACT ENHANCING THE PHILIPPINE BASIC

This law is otherwise known as The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and

5. Republic Act No. 10644- AN ACT PROMOTING JOB GENERATION AND

Under SEC.9.Composition of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

Agribusiness Program-Entrepreneurship Department Page 4

1. To establish an agriculture ecological profile consisting of physical aspect,

1. Conduct of ocular inspection and Global Positioning System (GPS) geophysical

Agribusiness Program-Entrepreneurship Department Page 5

6. Provide a list of an immediate interventions for a doable agribusiness program and

VI. Expected Output

VII. Project Assessment Team

Table 1. – Composition of the Project Assessment Team

VIII. Project Site

Barangay Sirawan boundaries

Agribusiness Program-Entrepreneurship Department Page 6

Map 1. – Location Map of Barangay Sirawan

The Project Site

Agribusiness Program-Entrepreneurship Department Page 7

Map 2- Vicinity Map of ADDU Sirawan Farm

ADDU Agri Farm

Barangay Sirawan is located north of Barangay Bayabas, and east of Barangay

a. ADDU Agricultural Farm

b. ADDU Farm Facilities

Agribusiness Program-Entrepreneurship Department Page 8

Figure 2- Existing Facilities in the Farm

Agribusiness Program-Entrepreneurship Department Page 9

Map 3- Consolidated Sketch Plan

Agribusiness Program-Entrepreneurship Department Page 10

IX. Highlights of the Results of the Assessment

In the ocular inspection conducted by Reynaldo C. Navacilla, Servant responsible for

The ocular inspection is a reconnaissance activity in whole area under assessment in

Figure 3. – Ocular Inspection conducted by Entrepreneurship Dept. Chair

The results of the Agro-Ecological Assessment conducted by the Project Assessment

Agribusiness Program-Entrepreneurship Department Page 11

Figure 4.- View of the Agricultural land of ADDU in Barangay Sirawan

Agribusiness Program-Entrepreneurship Department Page 12

Figure 5. – Picture of the Project Assessment Team, Rey C. Navacilla, Joeff L.

Figure 6- Global Positioning System (GPS) Unit

Global Positioning System (GPS) Equipment

Agribusiness Program-Entrepreneurship Department Page 13

Agro-Ecological Resources Assessment is a process of assessing the bio-physical

1.2. Soil Characteristic

1.3. Soil Sampling

Soil Sampling Procedure

Soil Sampling Materials

Agribusiness Program-Entrepreneurship Department Page 14