Ucsp Week 1 8 Module

Understanding
Culture, Society
and Politics
Understanding Culture,
Society and
Politics
Nature, Goals and Perspectives in
Anthropology, Sociology and
Political Science
GENERAL DIRECTIONS:
Before Doing the task, it will help u a lot to refer first to the WHLP
(Weekly Learning Home Plan) uploaded by your teacher in your Google
Classroom. NOT ALL the activities here are to be answered so better check
your WHLP
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature
of Understanding Culture Society and Politics. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order
in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is about the Nature, Goals and Perspectives in Anthropology, Sociology and Political
Science
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the nature, goals, and perspectives in anthropology, sociology and political
science;
2. Recognize the concepts and the subjects of inquiries of anthropology, sociology and
political science; and
3. Appreciate the importance of the goals of anthropology, sociology and political science.
What’s In
Before you proceed, go back with some of the important concepts about culture that is the main
focus of the discussion.
Learning Task 1: #Walang Forever –

Change is inevitable because it is the law of nature. Similarly, society does not remain
static. It changes, as the world continues to change, most especially with the advent of new
discoveries in science and technology. It is not new to us how our ways of life before is no longer
the ways of life of today’s generation. People should be open for changes. It is very important
that we understand and accept the challenges these changes are imposing on us and recognize
all the factors that brought these changes.
Since change is already happening at present, let us realize how social change occurs
because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Tell the changes on some aspects of your life by
completing the table below.
Before COVID-19 During COVID-19
Way of life
View of the world
Priorities in life
Relationships with
others
Answer the following question
1. Can we consider these changes as examples of social change? Why or why not?
2. What are the roles of government in protecting us from the harmful effects of this
pandemic?
3. Aside from the government, how do you think other sectors of the community like
schools, churches, and industries, can cope with these changes?
4. What are your fears related to this unexpected event in your life? How do you deal with
your worries during this time of COVID-19 pandemic?
What’s New
Learning Task 2: #PIN-POINT
Using the given illustration above, identify the concepts that you can relate to culture, society
and politics.
Culture Society Politics
After doing the activity, give your own definition of culture, society and politics.
Culture
Society
Politics
What is It
In this part of your journey, we provide something for you to deepen your understanding
about culture.
Please continue reading with comprehension as you discover further knowledge that
will help you out in your quest on the remaining phases of this lesson.
Since our course is Understanding Culture, Society and Politics, we can deepen our
understanding of ourselves as members of society by studying these three specialized fields,
namely: anthropology for culture, sociology for society and political science for politics
A lot of us are likely confused with the difference between sociology and anthropology.
Confusion might come from their commonalities as the two are dealing with society and culture.
Both of them study human behavior and the different factors that affects our social relations.
Since these two fields are most likely similar to each other, let us first draw out its differences
To find out the difference between anthropology and sociology, let us study the similar
and various concepts between each field below:
Anthropology Sociology
Answers the What does it mean to be How do we study society?

question.. human?
What are the things that you think
Who are you? influence your life?
Where do you come from? What is life to people living in places
with different culture and behavior?
Where did it Anthropology started as a science Sociology emerged as an academic

start? during the time of exploration when field right at the height of Industrial
European countries started to Revolution in Europe which mobilized
colonize what they considered as the entire population in a way that
primitive societies where people had never been before in human
were believed to be savages and history. These era had brought great
barbaric. changes in the way people live in a
society.
Sociology started as the study of

Let it be clear that anthropology
European society by European people
started as the study of non-
(inward).
European people by European
people (outward).
During that time, emerging
institutions arose and replaced the
During their colonial encounter
old ones such as how science
with these people, Europeans
was taking over religion, when the
started to make a written records reign of kings and queens fell down,
about non-Europeans. They focus and when the era of feudalism had
on kinship, language, race, religion, ended. People saw the importance of
cultural perceptions, and others. studying these emerging institutions
and how they started and what impact
they could make to an individual and
the new society in general.
Who started Franz Boas –considered as the Auguste Comte – French philosopher
this field? father of modern American and mathematician. He coined the
anthropology. His study led to the term sociology. He saw the need for a
doctrine of “historical systematic science of studying society
particularism,” where he stated that and in dealing with the solution of its
each society is considered as having basic problems.
a unique form of culture that
cannot be understood under an
overall definiton of general culture.
Concept Anthropology is the study of people Sociology is the study of society,

and their culture. patterns of social interactions, and
culture of everyday life. Unlike
It uses a special research method
anthropology, the
known as ethnography in which
knowledge created by sociology is
anthropologists are required to live
used to understand one’s own society.
with their subject of study for a
long period of time in order to Sociologists use qualitative research
make their writings more reliable method in doing their studies.
and credible.
Subjects of Biological anthropology refers to Anything in a society that influences

Inquiry the study of human origins people’s lives can be subjects of
(genetics, race, evolutions, fossils, inquiry, like different social
primates). phenomena, issues, and problems.
Cultural anthropology is the study

of living people (religion, social
system, language, clothing, foods, Sociologists can also look into things
beliefs, traditions, that influence life like family
etc). background, socio- economic status,
ethnicity, social classes, religion,
Linguistics is the study of language, gender, beliefs, traditions, norms,
its evolution, its connection to other among others.
languages, and others.
Some fields are social organization,
Archeology refers to the study of social psychology, applied sociology,
dead culture (religion, social and human ecology.
system, language, how they
dress, foods, beliefs, traditions, etc).
Goals The goals of anthropology are The goals of Sociology are the
the following: following:
- See the commonalities among -Obtain possible theories and

people (tradition, language, principles about society as well as
kinship, etc). various aspects of social life.
- Look at what makes us the same - Study the nature of humanity to
to understand more about further examine our roles within a
human nature. society.
- Discover what makes people - Appreciate that all things in society
different from each other in are interdependent.
order to understand and - Expose our minds to different
preserve diversity. perspectives in attaining truth.
- Produce new knowledge and
new theories about mankind
and behavior.
- Look at one’s own culture more
objectively.
After finding out the difference between anthropology and sociology, let us now proceed
with another discipline in social science that plays another important role in our life.
Politics impacts our lives directly or indirectly, whether we are aware of its effects or not.
If there is a crime that took place, we call a police, and this scheme is part of government. If there
was a fire that occured, we call the fire department, and that’s also a part of government.
Military is government as well, let alone our civil liberty and our rights which have influences on
us daily. In school, you were asked to read by heart the Constitution. When you are apprehended
by an authority, you asked your violation and insisted on your legal rights. Even inside your
house, there are still set of rules that are being enforced and followed. All these things are
related to a field called Political Science.
Description/Explanation
Origin - The study of political science was started by the ancient Greeks.
- Aristotle on his book “Politics” stated that Man is a political animal. It
means that it is our nature to live in a society and to have power over
another.
Concepts - Political Science is the systematic study of government, politics, and
political power.
- It is often defined as who gets what, when, where and how.
Subjects of Inquiry - political theory, philosopy and different political
ideologies
- public management
- human rights
- international relations and foreign policies
Goals - Make people a better citizens.
- Keep social order and harmony among different group of people.
- Protect the rights of an individual.
- Avoid conflict and promote cooperation.
What’s More
Learning Task 3: #MY PERSONAL SOCIAL MAP
Find your own social location by creating your own social map. Fill up every important
feature given on each box to understand yourself better.
Answer the following questions
1. What do you think is the importance of finding your social location in your own
society?
2. How do the following features (race, gender, religion, class, etc.) affect you in pursuing
your present and future plans? Do they provide opportunities or serve as constraints?
3. How does government respond to the needs of those people who belong to the same
social location where you are located right now?
Learning Task 4:
Archaeology is a branch of anthropology that studies the culture of dead people.
Archaeologists rely on the pieces of evidence that they exhumed from discovered old cities and
civilizations. We learn many things about our past based on their findings.
Today, people can store information digitally and put it in formats that can last for a
long period. In relation, let us do an activity by describing yourself to the future generation
through clues about you and the present society where you live.
As a student of this generation, you are tasked to make a historical footprint of your
contemporary society so that people of future generations will understand how people of
today lived, and what their personality, values, set of beliefs, and ideas were. You have to provide
them with one written evidence that describes your society and two objects with explanation
that represent your present society.
Description of your society

Drawing or picture of two objects that represent your society with explanation
What I Have Learned

Learning Task 5: “T-M-L Phrase
Complete the following phrases.
The Topic was about
It Matters because
I’ve Learned today that
What I Can Do
Learning Task 6: Photo Analysis of Social Issues
Issue/Problem Discipline/s in social science you will use

for the problem/issue
Based on the picture below, identify the major social issue or problem that affects our society
today. Explain how the disciplines of anthropology, sociology, and political science help us in
addressing this issue.
Assessment
Directions: Read the following items carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
For numbers 1-4, identify the branch of science described in each item. Choose your answer
from the given choices below:
a. Anthropology b. Political Science c. Sociology
1. Its goal is to look for the similarities and differences among the culture of societies
around the world. In doing so, we could be able to understand more
about human nature, and be more tolerant on other people’s behavior and actions.
2. This is the study of society, patterns of social interactions, and culture of everyday life.
3. Its main concern is to learn how to use power over others to maintain social order and
harmony among citizens.
4. If we want to know why certain social phenomena happened, such as the television
program Eat Bulaga’s Kalyeserye gaining millions of tweets worldwide, this field of
social science answers these occurrences.
For numbers 5-8, identify the most appropriate discipline to be used in the following research
scenarios and recent development that happened in our country. Choose your answer from the
given choices below:
a. Anthropology c. Political Science

b. Geography d. Sociology
5. Framing legislative policies abolishing or limiting political dynasties all over the
Philippines
6. Preservation of cultural diversity and respect for traditions in this period of globalization
7. Referendum was held in selected provinces comprising the old Bangsamoro republic for
the ratification of the Bangsamoro Organic Basic Law. This was done to promote
development, peace, and order in their locality.
8. Exchange of culture and ideas in the macro level and breakdown of families in the micro
level as a result of economic migration by Filipino workers
For numbers 9-15, choose the best answer for each item.
9. Food habits like the way of cooking foods, habits of dressing up, relationship with family
members or with in-laws, and many others are some of the focuses of this
anthropological field.
a. Archaeology c. Linguistics
b. Biological anthropology d. Cultural & social anthropology
10. A researcher chose to write about indigenous people in Mindanao and he described
them using some concepts such as kinship, gender and power. He tried to compare them
to other groups of people. Which of the following fields of science did the statement
above portray?
a. History c. Political science
b. Anthropology d. Sociology
Society and
Politics
Concepts, Aspects, and Changes of
Culture and Society
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics
Concepts, Aspects, and Changes in/of Culture and Society
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the
Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this
module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over
them.
Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro
Cainta, Rizal 1800
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
E-mail Address: region4a@deped.gov.ph
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the
concepts of culture and society. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module presents the topics on:

● Society and Culture as A Complex Whole
● Aspects and Changes of Culture and Society

1. Explain concepts of culture and society and relate it to a real-life situation;
2. Show deep appreciation on the collaboration between our culture and society by means
of stating personal pledge;
3. Trace and scrutinize terms that are related to the study of culture and the society, and
give examples of such concepts;
4. Analyze aspects of and changes in culture and society;
5. Appreciate the general characteristics of culture as means of enriching our own culture;
and
6. Write examples of real-life situations that best describe the
characteristics of culture.
What’s In
This self-learning module will help you understand the concepts of culture and society.
Particularly, you will learn culture and society as a complex whole, as well as other aspects. This
module will help you understand culture as that field which encompasses beliefs, practices,
values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns
and shares as a member of society. In addition, the module will help you understand the features
of culture and society, and the significant changes or transformation happening in the present
society.
Learning Task 1: #LearningStationActivity

Directions: Based on the previous discussion, kindly recall ideas related to anthropology,
sociology, and political science. Write them on the provided learning stations below.
Station 1 Station 2 Station 3
What’s New
Learning Task 2: #wordhunt101

Look for the words related to the study of culture and society. Write your
answers on your answer sheet.
S A F U R P V G D A D A
Y E W Z D R A S M R V T
M K B R T A Y I O T L T
B P X G H C B K N I O I
O T R A I T S Q A F S T
L X B E L I E F S A O U
S Z B T E C J Y U C L D
K N O W L E D G E T Q E
E G B M I S V A L U E S
S C K L A W S M S V D G
Learning Task 3: #situation-analysis

Analyze each situation. Identify the feature of culture described in each statement. In
addition, the jumbled letters on the right will be your guide in identifying these characteristics.
What is It
Did you have a hard time looking for words pertaining to culture and society?
Now let’s try to go deeper. Analyze the following questions and write your answers on a separate
sheet.
1. How are the words in your activity connected to the study of culture and society?
2. Can culture and society be completed without these things? Why?
3. How do you define the terms “culture” and “society”?
4. Can a society function without culture, or can a culture exist without society? Why?
5. What are the characteristics or aspects of culture? Please enumerate them on the space
provided.
Answer
CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE
1. Culture is social because it is the product of behavior.
Culture does not exist in isolation. It is a product of society. It develops
through social interaction. No man can acquire culture without association
2. Culture varies from society to society.

Every society has a culture of its own that differs from other societies. The
culture of every society is unique by itself. Cultures are not uniform. Cultural
elements like customs, traditions, morals, values, and beliefs are not constant.
3. Culture is shared.
Culture is not something that an individual alone can possess. Culture, in
sociological sense, is shared. For example, people of a society share all
customs, traditions, beliefs, ideas, values, morals, etc.
4. Culture is learned.
Culture is not inborn. It is learned. Unlearned behavior then, is not culture.
Shaking hands, saying thanks, etc. are cultural behaviors. Not all behaviors
are learned, but most of these can be. Combing hair, standing in line, telling
jokes, criticizing the president, and going to movies all constitute behaviors
that need to be learned.
5. Culture is transmitted among members of society.

Cultural ways are learned by people from others. Many of these ways are
handed down from elders, parents, teachers, and others (most likely
individuals of older generation), while other cultural behaviors are handed
up to elders. Transmission of culture is made possible by language.
Language is the main vehicle of culture. Transmission of culture may take
place also through imitation as well as through instruction.
6. Culture is continuous and cumulative.

Culture exists as a continuous process. In its historical growth, it tends to
become cumulative. Ralph Linton called culture “the social heritage” of man.
No culture ever remains constant or permanent. It is subject to slow but
constant variation. Likewise, culture is responsive to the changing conditions
of the physical world; hence, it is dynamic.
7. Culture is gratifying and idealistic.
Culture provides proper opportunities for the satisfaction of our needs and
desires. Our needs, both biological and social, are fulfilled in cultural
ways. Culture consists of the intellectual, artistic, and social ideals, and
institutions where members of the society profess and strive to confirm.
2
G.M. Lanuaza and S.S.Raymundo, Understanding Culture, Society,
and Politics Manila: Rex Bookstore, 2016,
What’s More
Learning Task 4: #illustrativecollagecrafting
Create your own illustrative collage that depicts the concept of culture and
society. Focus on the theme. After doing the collage, complete the statement below the
box.
Rubrics
Content relevance 6 pts.
Creativity 4 pts.
Culture and society as a complex whole means it encompasses the

, , , ,
, , , ,
,and .
What I Have Learned
Learning Task 6: #Let’sSumUp!

After learning concepts from the previous phases of the module, answer the
“EXIT CARD” and write down your thoughts on a separate sheet.
Exit Card – 3 Thoughts that you have learned today 2 Things
that you want to remember
1 Question you still have in mind
What I Can Do
Learning Task 7: #pi-YES-ta!

Situation: You are the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) chairperson in your barangay. At the
same time, you are elected as the president of the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK)
Federation in your municipality/city. You are tasked to be the coordinator in the
upcoming “Pista ng Bayan.” Write down your plans and major directions to the following
institutions or committees in order to make the program organized and
well-coordinated. Use the spaces provided.
Learning Task 8: #i-cover “Sinulog Festival”
Situation: As a potential journalist, you are assigned to document
one of the most famous festivals in our country, the “Sinulog
Festival.” During the event, you need to take pictures and write down notes of the important
things about the festival that are related to the different characteristics of culture.
REFLECTION
#mypledge
Make your own pledge by stating your deep appreciation on the
collaboration between our culture and society as means of developing
harmonious relationship among people in the society.
I, _, do solemnly
pledge .
Assessment
POST-TEST
1. Sinulog Festival is Cebuano’s way of honoring Sto. Nino; Pangasinan’s Bangus

festival signifies their bountiful harvest of fishes particularly bangus; meanwhile,
Bicolano’s “Bicol express” truly marks their “Uragon” (courageous) style because
of the spiciness and hotness of the said food. The mentioned traditions represent
culture as being .
a. symbolic c. encompassing
b. intergrated d. learned
2. Mang Isko and Aling Perla used to have a family devotion (prayer) every
Saturday. They demonstrate and explain to their children the reason for
having deep faith to God. What aspect of culture is best suitable for this
situation?
a. Culture is shared. c. Culture is transmitted.
b. Culture is social. d. Culture is learned.
3. Maharlika is a young woman of Agta tribe. She is excellent in performing their
ethnic dance. According to her, the elders in their tribe transferred the steps of
the dance to her. What characteristic or aspect of culture is being referred to by
this experience?
a. Culture is learned. c. Culture is continuous.
b. Culture is shared. d. Culture is transmitted.
4. The following are all considered as means of transmitting culture among
members of the society. Which one is the main vehicle of passing culture from
one generation to another generation?
a. Instruction c. Language
b. Imitation d. Symbols
5. Pinoys are fond of singing and listening to music. Before, people used to do
sing-a-long with a jukebox, then it was changed to karaoke, and
now, most people sing their favorite songs in videoke. Their ways of enjoying
music has gone through changes but still lives up until today. Therefore, culture is
.
a. learned c. continuous
b. shared d. transmitted
6. In the United States, once a person reached the age of 18, he/she can live freely
outside the guidance of parents, while here in the Philippines, we are
family-oriented, meaning some are free to live with parents until they grow old.
This statement simply means that culture is .
a. Culture is continuous. c. Culture is social.
b. Culture is varied. d. Culture is transmitted.
7. Gentriseños are known for celebrating Valenciana festival. In times of barangay
fiestas, people actively participate in the so-called “karakul.” Carmela has
observed this specific way of life of the Gentriseños since childhood. At present,
this custom is still embedded in her heart. This story tells us that culture is
acquired by being bornt into a particular society. What aspect of culture does it
describe?
a. symbolic c. encompassing
b. intergrated d. learned
8. One of the characteristics of culture is being continuous and cumulative. No
culture remains constant or unchanged; it is subject to slow but constant
change. Culture is responsive to the changing conditions of the physical world;
hence, it is dynamic. Which scenario below best fits as an example of the given
statements on culture?
a. The Department of Education conducts learning instruction through
blended learning modalities and not the face-to-face strategy which
people are already used to.
b. The Department of Health pursues and promotes proper self-care or
health care to avoid virus-related illnesses.
c. The Department of Interior and Local Government strictly implements
directives on preventing drug-related activities and many other correlated
events.
d. The Department of Public Works and Highways pursues and supports the
administration’s “Build, Build, Build Program,” in order to invite foreign
and local investors.
9. Which of the following refers to the “way of life” of individuals in a community?
a. Society c. Manner
b. Culture d. Organization
10. cannot exist apart from culture. It is an organized group of individuals who
share common/related manner of living.
a. Institution c. Organization
b. Corporation d. Society
11. Which of the following words can best describe culture and society as a complex
whole?
a. interdependent c. interrelated
b. interactive d. All choices are correct
12. Analyze all the given statements. Trace which one is the best statement about the
complexity of culture and society.
a. Society can exist without culture.
b. Culture can exist without society.
c. Society can operate without culture command.
13. People carry and transmit culture, but they are not culture. Edward B.
Tylor described culture as “a complex whole.” Which of the following choices
supports Tylor’s description of culture?
a. Culture as complex whole means it encompasses traits and values of the
society.
b. Culture as complex whole means it includes laws and norms in the
government.
c. Culture as complex whole means it deals with everything that a person
learns and shares as a member of the society.
d. Culture as complex whole means it refers to the beliefs and traditions of
modern Filipinos.
14. Which statement is wrong about the concept of culture?
a. Culture is a way of life transmitted through social interaction.
b. Every society has its own distinctive culture.
c. Culture refers to a group’s ways of behaving and thinking.
d. Culture can evolve into anything.
15. Does culture affect our lives in terms of the way we view society and interact
with other people?
a. Yes c. Uncertain
b. No d. Maybe
Additional Activities
#i-can-FILL-it!
Complete the following phrases…
Culture will never be a culture without .

Society will not exist without .
Society and
Politics
Cultural Relativism and
Ethnocentrism
Understanding Culture, Society and
Politics Cultural Relativism and
Ethnocentrism First Edition, 2020
royalties.
them.


Cainta, Rizal 1800
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
What I Need to Know
The module is about the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding
(MELC Week 3).

1. Describe your own culture and compare it to the culture of others;
2. Determine the difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism;
3. Shows the ill effects of ethnocentrism; and
4. Become aware why and how cultural relativism mitigates ethnocentrism.
What’s In
Before we proceed, let us go back with some of the important concepts about culture,
which is the focus of our discussion.
According to E.B. Taylor; culture is a “complex whole,” which encompasses beliefs,
practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artefacts’, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a
person learns and shares as a member of a society.
Likewise, a society is understood or sometimes judged based on their culture. What
comprises a culture? Let us refresh our mind by answering the matching type test below.
Source: Wikimedia Commons. From Popular Science Monthly 26 (1884):
145. Public Domain.
Learning Task 1: Match the correct description in Column A to the aspect of culture in
Column B.
Description Aspect of Culture
1. Family is the most important unit of a. Arts and literature

this aspect of culture. Through family,
children learn how they are expected b. Customs and traditions
to act and what to believe in.
2. It usually answers basic questions
about the meaning of life. c. Economic systems
d. Forms of government
3. This is considered the cornerstone of e. Language
culture. It is the way of communicating
and understanding each other.
4. These products of human imagination f. Religion
usually help people to pass on their
culture’s basic beliefs. g. Social organizations
5. It maintains order within a society and
protects it from outside threats.
6. This refers to how people use their
limited resources to satisfy their wants
and needs.
7. It is the rules of behavior that enforce
ideas as right or wrong.
Check your answers and make sure you are very familiar with the key terms listed before
we start another lesson.
What’s New
Am I Different?
Learning Task 2: Fill in “‘Me’ and My Culture” table by describing how you behave and
practice your own culture under similar circumstances.
“Them” and their culture “Me” and my Culture
Marriage Marriage
A man can have multiple wives. He can share

his wife to his brothers and visitors as a sign
of hospitality. (Eskimos)
Behavior Behavior
When entering a nearly empty movie theater

or public vehicle, you are rude when you do
not sit beside the only person in the theater
or public vehicle. (South Africa)
Hand Gestures Hand Gestures
The V- hand gesture is an offensive sign in

United Kingdom, Australia, and South Africa.
In Japan, China, and
South Korea, using this symbol with the
palm facing the person means he/she is
looking cute in picture.
Child-rearing Child-rearing
In order to control their population in

difficult environments, Eskimos
sometimes kill their children if they could not
take care of them. They also kill females more
than males. (Infanticide)
Religion Religion
Individuals practicing Hinduism believe in

millions of gods and goddesses. All are
responsible for governing their lives, destiny,
and fate.
Reading text Reading Text
Hebrew and Arabic books are read from right

to left.
Table Manners Table Manners
Europeans and Americans use spoon and fork

in eating, while Chinese and Koreans use
chopsticks.
And so I am Different
1. What can you say about the culture of these people?
2. Are their respective cultures the same as your own culture? In what ways are they
similar and in what ways do they differ?
3. Do you think that the cultures of these groups are bad? Why or why not?
4. Can we consider some of their cultural practices as right or wrong? Explain.
5. Which of the two sets of cultures is the best, their cultures or your own culture?
Why?
6. If one culture behaves in a particular act, does it mean that all cultures can behave
the same way? Discuss further.
What is It
In this part of your journey, we provide something for you to deepen your understanding
about culture.
Please continue reading with comprehension as you discover further knowledge that
will help you out in your quest on the remaining phases of this lesson.
What is Ethnocentrism?
Ethnocentrism is a belief that one’s own culture is better than others. They tend to
compare, evaluate, and even judge other people’s ways based on the values and standards set in
one’s own culture. Their worldview is based on the beliefs, assumptions, expectations, and
values shaped by one’s language, behavior, customs, values, religions and other aspects.
Due to ethnocentric beliefs, many people are blinded from seeing things in another
perspective. Ethnocentric people tend to dislike or make false judgment on other cultures. They
tend becoming biased and judge another culture as bad and wrong.
Even though we deny it, most of us are ethnocentric at some point in our lives. Some do
not even realize that they are being ethnocentric at that moment. Below are some of the
examples of ethnocentrism:
a. The American society sees themselves as a world leader. As a result, they interfere in
the political affairs of other countries and try to control them, leading to
misunderstanding and miscommunication amongst nations which sometimes result
to war.
b. During the time of Adolf Hitler, Germans believed that they are a superior race. This
led to the death of 6 million Jews whom they considered as an inferior race.
c. European countries go beyond their ethnocentric biases and saw non- European
cultures as uncivilized and underdeveloped countries of savages and barbarians.
They used this perspective to justify colonialism and imperialism.
d. Cases of hate crimes and terrorism violence can usually be traced back to religious
conflicts and misunderstandings.
Cultural Relativism as the Opposite View
Cultural relativism is a belief that cultures are equally complex. There is no such thing
as superior or inferior culture.
Cultural relativism is very important in studying the culture of other people. It is a

way of viewing the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from its own
viewpoint. Another way to say this is that others should understand an individual’s beliefs and
activities in terms of that person’s own culture.
● Cultural relativism promotes greater appreciation of the cultures that an individual

might encounter along the way.
● Cultural relativism is a good way to rehearse the norms and values of a society
–-- a requirement that one must subscribe to, regardless of his/her cultural origin.
● It means that the function and meaning of a trait are relative to its cultural setting.
To understand better the main difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism, an
illustration was provided below:
What’s More
Learning Task 3:
People tend to be more tolerant of another culture’s customs when they understand and
learn the meaning behind them. In order to understand an unfamiliar culture, social scientists
conduct researches. The best way to do this study is to experience that culture by living with
people practicing it. Additionally, this experience should be done for a long period.
In this activity, you will be asked to conduct a simple case study examining the culture of
other people that is somehow different from yours. If you are an Ilocano, the subject of your
study could be people who identify themselves as Tagalog, Bisaya, Bicolano, or other
ethnicity. If you know someone who belongs to an indigenous group of people, it is much
better to have them as subjects. Since you are not allowed to go out at present because of the
threat of COVID-19 pandemic, look for someone who is near to your place or whom you have
contact with through social media.
Be guided with the following questions as you write your case study:
1. Describe the group of people that you chose. Who are they? What do they
do? Where did they come from? What do you know about them?
2. Discuss their way of life in terms of:
a. Social organizations
b. Language
c. Religion
d. Arts and literature
e. Economic systems
f. Values, beliefs and traditions
3. Summarize what you have learned using the 3-2-1 chart below: 3
Things I learned from them
2 Things I found interesting 1
Thing I realize
Learning Task 4:
Give some concrete instances when unity exists even though there are differences happening
among people.
Learning Task 5:
On a separate sheet, create a slogan that promotes respect and tolerance towards other
cultures all over the world.
What I Have Learned

Learning Task 6: “T-M-L Phrase
Complete the following phrases. The
Topic was about
It Matters because
I’ve Learned today that

What I Can Do
Learning Task 7: #i-beg to Disagree because
State your reason why you beg to disagree to the given statements below. You have to remember
that you are a CULTURAL RELATIVIST; you have to place yourself in the shoes of these people
in order to understand them better. Culture is not good or bad, neither it is right or wrong, but
instead it is relative.
1. One society can call another society as evil such as those nations where terrorist live.
These places are also called an “axis of evil”.
2. Western culture is superior and opposite of non-Western culture.
3. When you don’t say “po” at “opo,” you are impolite.
4. The Mangyan tribe of Mindoro are backwards people because they are uneducated.
5. We have to avoid going to places like Siquijor and Capiz because monsters called
Aswang infest these places.
6. Eating Dalagang Bukid, Salagubang, Palakang Bukid and other organisms are not
healthy.
7. Ilocanos are thrifty because they are poor.
Assessment
1. Ben is an ethnocentric. He considers other people, specifically indigenous tribes, as

backwards people who have no manners at all. Why do you think Ben come up with this
bias?
a. He regards another culture as superior.
b. He regards his own culture as superior.
c. He regards his own culture as normal and uses it to measure foreign cultures.
d. He regards another culture as superior and uses it to measure his own culture
2. Lisa was a proud cultural relativist. She sees that Ilocanos are thrifty because of their
geographical location. Likewise, she sees nothing wrong about it. What did Lisa exhibit
in that situation?
a. She believes anything goes in one’s own culture.
b. She measures behavior by how the other culture regards this practice.
c. She has no concept of right or wrong.
d. She measures which cultures are related to others.
3. What might be the result of ethnocentrism on a global scale?
a. Other people may be treated as savage or morally corrupt.
b. There is no way to determine which is right or wrong.
c. Native people often wish to colonize superior culture.
d. Believing one’s own culture is superior makes one a morally corrupt savage.
4. For better opportunities, many Filipinos were forced to work abroad, exposing
themselves to unfamiliar culture. Culture shock is a feeling of disorientation
experienced by someone who is suddenly subjected to other’s way of life or set of
attitudes. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of culture shock?
a. Feeling homesick when in a new place
b. Feeling like the new culture is superior to your own
c. Obsessing about the cleanliness of food and water in a new place
d. Feeling the hostility towards natives or locals
5. Which of the following statements is a positive effect of ethnocentrism?
a. Rina posted on her Facebook wall saying that eating fried tarantula is “yuckie.”
b. Greg posted a statement which says, “Ang galing ng Pinoy, angat sa iba, kaya’t
tayo ay magkaisa.”
c. Shiela posted a picture of Carlos P. Romulo with a caption, “This little brown
monkey that you are referring to does not eat banana peelings. He is a Filipino
not an American.
d. Wendel tweeted, “Nakakatakot na ang panahon ngayon daming taong gumagala
na tadtad ng tattoo ang katawan.”
For numbers 6-10, identify whether the given statement is an example of ethnocentrism or
cultural relativism. Write letter A if it is ethnocentrism and B if it is cultural relativism.
6. Korean culture is better than our culture because many Filipinos try to imitate and
adopt this culture.
7. The Aetas of Zambales ,the Mangyans of Mindoro and other Filipino tribes have
different religious beliefs. Their Gods are manifested on the different forms of nature
like trees, mountains, rivers, volcano, their dead ancestors, and many more. I think
there is nothing wrong about that. It does not make them a lesser group of people.
8. Indigenous people should learn to change their old and traditional ways of life in
order to be happy and successful.
9. People in my culture could learn a lot from people in other cultures.
10. Filipinos’ religious traditions like the celebration of fiestas should be banned
because it is just a waste of time, energy, and resources.
Understanding
Culture, Society
and Politics
Significance of Cultural, Social,
Political and Economic Symbols and
Practices
Understanding Culture Society and Politics
Significance of Cultural, Social, Political and Economic Symbols and Practices
First Edition, 2020
royalties.
them.


Cainta, Rizal 1800
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
What I Need to Know
The module is about the significance of cultural, social, political and economic symbols and
practices (MELC 4).

1. Identify the human origins and the capacity for culture
2. Determine the role of culture in human adaptation
3. Explain processes of cultural and sociopolitical evolution
4. Analyze the key features of interrelationships of biological, cultural and
socio-political processes in human evolution that can still be used and developed
What’s In
Learning Task 1: Analyze the images below and Identify which shows ethnocentrism or
cultural relativism. Write your answers on your paper.
1. In the Philippines, it is said that a person came from

the northern part of Luzon (Ilocano) are stingy.
2. Filipinos are known for being hospitable.

3. Some say rich people are snobby.
4. Philippines are known for having variety of

delicacies which used different cooking techniques
but all native food are tasty and delicious.
5. Some cultures include eating of dog meat.
What’s New
Learning Task 2: The ICEMAN and the ALPS (this activity is adapted from slideshare.net
accessed May 25, 2020)
In 1991, hikers in the Alps found a dead body and notified the authorities. They thought
that person might have died on a recent hike, but extensive scientific testing revealed the body
to be around 5,000 years old! Since the “Iceman” was frozen for all this time, his body clothing,
and tools were all preserved intact, giving us a rare glimpse of what it must have been like to live
in the Neolithic Era.
The discovery of the Iceman has also given us a mystery to solve. The autopsy’ revealed
many signs of violent death. When archaeologists inquire about the past, the examined evidence
and put it together to tell their story. What story does it tell?
1. Based from the activity, what is the significance of human material remains and
artifactual evidence in interpreting culture, social and political processes?
2. As compared to our lives today what differences do we have from these men who lived
5,000 years ago in terms of biological and cultural features? Use the reconstructed
picture of the iceman below.
Present day Human Beings
Biological difference:
Cultural Difference:
3. As you can see, there is a big difference between the biological and socio- cultural
features between that Iceman and you. Why do you think changes happened in all
aspects of your life from time to time?
Learning Task 3: The 3-IN-1 Learning Stations
Carefully look at each picture. Give your descriptions pertaining to their:
1. CULTURE or way of living
2. PHYSICAL capacity in doing the task
3. The kind of LEADERSHIP they have

Guide Question:
In two to three sentences, explain how our cultural and sociopolitical ways has changed
over the years?
Answer:
What is It
In this part of your journey, we provide something for you to read to deepen your understanding about the
topic.
Please do it with comprehension to discover knowledge that will help you out in dealing with
the next phase of your quest.
Learning Task 4: Think it over:
1. When we try to compare then and now, what are differences in terms of how people
carry out things physically, culturally, and socio-politically?
2. What are the different stages in the cultural development of human?
3. How does human grow culturally, socially, and politically in Paleolithic Period? Neolithic
Period? Age of Metal?
4. Why do you think people need a transformation or evolution to adapt to his/her

environment?
5. Do you observe practices that preserve culture in today’s living? Explain by giving an
example.
6. As a human, how do you progress? List down at least five things that you can’t do 10
years ago, and the things that you can do at present.
10 years ago, I CANNOT At present, I CAN
HUMAN CULTURAL EVOLUTION
It is a saying that “human has no contentment”. As the environment changes, we continuously

grow and find ways to make maximize our effort as we live. It is very evident in the different
stages of human cultural evolution: Palaeolithic Period, Neolithic Period, and Age of Metal.
The term “Palaeolithic” was coined by archaeologist John Lubbock in 1865. It is derived the
from Greek word, palaios, which means "old"; and, lithos, "stone", In short, the Palaeolithic
Period, which happened 2.5 million years ago, is also known as "Old Stone Age".
In the Palaeolithic period, the Earth was extremely cold and ocean levels were much lower than
they are now. Due to the cold climate, much of the Stone Age is also called the Ice Age.
During these years, people were nomads and able to use simple tools and weapons made of
unpolished stone. The caves served as their shelter.
Similarly, this was the time when people discovered to use the fire, through the use of stone,
for their protection against cold temperature and to cook their own food.
Human beings in this time were grouped together in small societies such as bands, and
subsisted by gathering plants and fishing, hunting or scavenging wild animals. Also in this era,
according to study of Dr. Jesus T. Peralta of NCCA, respect is given to age, and individual prowess
and ability are recognized. There are no leaders that could be said to be above everybody else
and whose commands are obeyed without question. In some cases, one who is known for good
decisions is consulted when a problem arises; or well-known hunter will be asked to lead a
hunting group.
Likewise, the term “Neolithic” also comes from the same archaeologist and from the Greek word
“neo” which means new and “lithos” meaning stone or in short, the “New Stone Age” which was
happened for about 10,000 B.C. In this period, the Cro Magnon disappeared and the new people
who are considered the modern man appeared.
The Neolithic Revolution is also called as the First Agricultural Revolution. During this period,
there was a wide-scale transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and
gathering to of agriculture and settlement kind of society which eventually led to population
increase. People depend on domesticated plants and animals. They learned to create such crafts
as pottery and weaving. They likewise developed boat as means of transportation and for fishing
as well.
From being nomads during the early stage, human began to develop a sedentary type of society
of which they built-up villages and towns.
Furthermore, they were never contented of their accomplishments. They kept on discovering
things for their own convenience. So, they discovered metals, and they gradually abandoned
stone as the basic element for their instrument and tools.
This period was known as Age of Metals (4000 B.C – 1500 B.C). The used of metal such as
bronze, copper, and iron produced a new historical development from the cradle civilization of
Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia including the India, and China which later spread throughout Asia.
There were three stages distinguished within this Age due to the different types of metals that
were used: The Copper Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age; copper was the first known metal,
it is of a low hardness and it was used to make ornaments; bronze is an alloy of copper and tin
and it is harder and stronger than copper. Several eastern Mediterranean peoples discovered
this metallurgy and progressed rapidly.
During this age, agricultural tools were developed with bronze, such as plows and sickles,
military weapons like swords, spears and shields, as well as household utensils like jars, bowls
and cups. Likewise, a more developed social, cultural, political, and economic system were
improved. Tribes, empires, and state were recognized at this point.
EARLY CIVILIZATION and RISE of the STATE
Ancient State and Civilization
One of the earliest states and civilizations was found in the Fertile Crescent which is known as
the Mesopotamian civilization. The word Mesopotamia is a Greek word for “Land between two
rivers” which is often referred to as the cradle of civilization. It is the region of the Western Asia
located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It is known as the Fertile Crescent where the
first evidence of agriculture was also found. Here the first human civilizations were taking the
earliest steps from hunter-gatherer society into settled community.
Moreover, it is in Mesopotamia that the history writing appeared as early as over 5,000 years
ago. This invention was so important that it marks the end of the Prehistory, and the beginning
of history. One of the first writing systems, the Cuneiform, is one of the most important
civilizations in the history of Mesopotamian culture.
Every city in Mesopotamia had its own government, rulers, warriors, patron god, and functioned
like an independent country. Mesopotamian cities were Ur, Uruk, Kish, Lagesh. There is a temple
at the center of each city called a ziggurat (a massive, tiered, pyramid-shaped structure).
There was also what we called Mesopotamian warrior-gods (2.400-2.500 B.C.) who govern and
protect the people under its government. Military commanders eventually became monarch
creating a new structure of government called a Dynasty. It is a series of rulers descending from
a single-family line. The Akkadian Empire lasted about 200 years. In the year 2350–2150 B.C,
Babylonian Empire overtook Sumerians around 2000 B.C., and they built capital, the Babylon, on
Euphrates River.
Another ancient states and civilizations was the Egyptian civilization. It emerged more than
5,000 years ago along the River Nile in the north-east of Africa. The Ancient Egyptians lived
near the River Nile because of its fertile land suitable for growing crops and domestication of
animals. Each year, water from the Nile rose and flooded the area. When the water went back, it
left mud that made the fields fertile.
Egyptians called their king a pharaoh. The pharaoh was all- powerful: He passed laws, He ruled
the country, He owned most of the land, and He controlled trade and led the armies. Egyptians
believed that the pharaohs were gods.
Modern State and Civilization
In the European continent, several states and civilization grew tremendously over centuries. In
England, around 1500s, most of the people lived in small villages. They paid tithes to their feudal
landlords. Henry VII won the War of the Roses in England, which led into what is known as the
Tudor dynasty, and begun the development of the English nation-state.
In Spain in the year 1492, Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella took Spain back from the
Muslim. It became the era of Spain as a global power.
In France, Louis XIV of France created an absolute monarchy. France became the dominant
power in Europe. When The French Revolution broke out, it created the modern French
nation-state, which sparked nationalism around Europe.
In 1914, when various nation-states started to claim their power and superiority over all the
nations in the world, the World War I begun until 1918. In 1919, Treaty of Versailles ended the
World War I. It divided several multinational empires that led to the creation of several new
nation-states.
In 1939, the World War II started until 1945. The end of World War II led to the formation of
United Nations in 1945.
The State of the People: Democratic State

In the recent decade after the two World Wars, people are becoming more active in their
government and state affairs, in which people become the source of political power and
government rules. This evolution in the government is known as the process of democratization,
or simply democracy – the rule of the people.
Democratization is the transition to a more democratic political regime, including substantive

political changes moving in a democratic direction. It may be the transition from an
authoritarian regime to a full democracy, a transition from an authoritarian political system to a
semi-democracy or transition from a semi- authoritarian political system to a democratic political
system. What is a democracy?
Moreover, a democracy is a form of government where the citizens of the nation have the power
to vote. There are several different types of democracies; (1) a representative democracy is a
system where citizens choose government representatives among their citizens, (2) direct
democracy is when the citizens form a governing body and vote directly on issues, (3)
constitutional democracy limits the powers of government through the nation’s constitution.
What’s More
ARTICLE READING 101
Read the article entitled “A Settled Life”. Analyze how the ancient cultural and
socio-political features developed and impact our present period. Then, be able to answer the
succeeding guide questions.
A Settled Life
(By: Dr. Senta German)
When people think of the Neolithic era, they often think of Stonehenge, the iconic image of this
early era. Dating to approximately 3000 B.C.E. and set on Salisbury Plain in England, it is a
structure larger and more complex than anything built before it in Europe. Stonehenge is an
example of the cultural advances brought about by the Neolithic revolution—the most
important development in human history. The way we live today, settled in homes, close to other
people in towns and cities, protected by laws, eating food grown on farms, and with leisure time
to learn, explore and invent is all a result of the Neolithic revolution, which occurred
approximately 11,500-5,000 years ago. The revolution which led to our way of life was the
development of the technology needed to plant and harvest crops and to domesticate animals.
Before the Neolithic revolution, it's likely you would have lived with your extended family as a
nomad, never staying anywhere for more than a few months, always living in temporary
shelters, always searching for food and never owning anything you couldn’t easily pack in a
pocket or a sack. The change to the Neolithic way of life was huge and led to many of the
pleasures (lots of food, friends and a comfortable home) that we still enjoy today.(Stonehenge, c.
3,000 B.C.E., Salisbury Plain, England)
Neolithic Art. The massive changes in the way people lived also changed the types of art they
made. Neolithic sculpture became bigger, in part, because people didn’t have to carry it around
anymore; pottery became more widespread and was used to store food harvested from farms.
This is when alcohol was first produced and when architecture, and its vivid interior and
exterior decoration, first appears. In short, people settle down and begin to live in one place,
year after year.
It seems very unlikely that Stonehenge could have been made by earlier, Paleolithic, nomads. It
would have been a waste to invest so much time and energy building a monument in a place to
which they might never return or might only return infrequently. After all, the effort to build it
was extraordinary. Stonehenge is approximately 320 feet in circumference and the stones which
compose the outer ring weigh as much as 50 tons; the small stones, weighing as much as 6 tons,
were quarried from as far away as 450 miles. The use or meaning of Stonehenge is not clear, but
the design, planning and execution could have only been carried out by a culture in which
authority was unquestioned. Here is a culture that was able to rally hundreds of people to
perform very hard work for extended periods of time. This is another characteristic of the
Neolithic era.
Source: Dr. Senta German, A Settled Life :https://www.khanacademy.org 2020

Example: Example
The Stonehenge tries to showcase that even before they
What does the Stonehenge is
had already their cultural advancement, which, in this
trying to tell this modern era?
modern age can further develop such as the technologies.
a. Vividly envision the

Stonehenge. Imagine how
they built it. Could you say
that early people were
physically fit and prepared
as we
are today?
b. How did ancient
humans end their
“being nomads”?
c. Looking at the “lens” of
Stonehenge, how will you
describe the kind
of sociopolitical way?
d. Why Neolithic Revolution is
is considered as the most
important development
in human history?
What I Have Learned

Learning Task 5: To sum up what you have learned. Complete the following phrases
3 Thoughts I have learned…
_
2 Things I want to remember…
1 Question I have in mind…
_
Learning Task 6: “A Better Me in My Society”
As a millennial and a Filipino youth, how will you respond and adapt to this changing world
where people and society have indeed developed and became more advanced than before?
However, consider some circumstances that are hooked on it.
Fill in the blank to complete your pledge to continue the legacies of our ancestors.
As a human being, I understand that people need to change to survive. Hence, I will try to ,
, and to continuously grow as a student.
I will do my best to and all cultural properties which I
believe are part of my country’s legacy. I will also render all possible help to
and our society and history as well.
Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. During the earliest stage of human cultural evolution, people were nomadic, so they
hunt and gather foods. As they learn to make a sedentary lifestyle in the Neolithic
period. Which statement tells the accomplishment of human in the Neolithic period?
A. Live in a cave
B. Used unpolished stone tools
C. Used metals to upgrade tools
D. Domesticate plants and animals
2. The Age of Metal produced a new historical development from the cradle civilization of
Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia including the India, and China which later on spread
throughout Asia. Which type of metal were the earliest known by human?
A. Aluminum
B. Bronze
C. Copper
D. Iron
3. There are three notable stages in the human cultural evolution. Which statement tells
the correct timeline of these evolutions?
A. Age of Metal, Neolithic Period, Paleolithic Period
B. Neolithic Period, Paleolithic Period, Age of Metal
C. Paleolithic Period, Age of Metal, Neolithic Period
D. Paleolithic Period, Neolithic Period, Age of Metal
4. From being nomads during the early stage, human began to developed a sedentary type
of society of which they built-up villages and towns. In which era has these evolutions
happens?
A. Age of Bronze
B. Age of Copper
C. Neolithic Period
D. Paleolithic Period
5. The most significant evolution in Paleolithic period is when people discovered the use of
fire. In the Neolithic period is when human learned to domesticate plants and animals,
which is known to be the First Agricultural Revolution. In the Age of Metal is the
discovery of people in using metal as their tools, thus, the Age of Metal is identified as:
A. Agricultural Revolution
B. Metal Civilization
C. Stone Revolution
D. Rise of Civilization
6. How were the first modern humans (Homo sapiens) different from any other hominid
species?
A. They lived outside of Africa
B. They had large brains
C. They used and controlled fire
D. They used symbolic thought
7. In the history of human social evolution, what group of people was skillful at hunting
and butchering animals?
A. Australopithecus
B. Home erectus
C. Homo habilis
D. Homo sapien
8. In the history of human civilization in which people started to develop their society,
where did the world’s first Civilization develop?
A. Mesopotamia
B. Crete
C. Egypt
D. Eastern China
9. From the different kind of government in various societies, what is a form of government
where the citizens of the nation have the power to vote?
A. Aristocracy
B. Bureaucracy
C. Democracy
D. Capitalism
10. In the context of European historical society, which of the following DOES NOT
happened during pre -1500’s?
A. Henry VII wins the War of the Roses in England, begins the Tudor dynasty, and
starts the development of the English nation-state.
B. The era of Spain as a global power begins.
C. The hundred year’s war started.
D. The French Revolution
11. In the history of war, the nations started to claim their power and supremacy over the
nations. Which treaty ends the World War I and breaks several multi-rational empires?
A. Treaty of Saint-Germain en Laye
B. Treaty of Versailles
C. Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
D. Faisal-Weizmann agreement
12. Democracy is a type of government in which the people elect their leader in the
government position. Direct democracy is the system in which...
A. Citizens choose their representatives in free and fair elections.
B. Citizens are allowed to debate with their representatives in open public
meetings.
C. Citizens represent themselves in the decision-making process.
D. Senior political leaders are known as 'Directors'.
13. Which statement most accurately describes how geography affected the growth of
the ancient civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia?
A. River valleys provided rich soil to grow plentiful crops.
B. Large deserts provided many mineral deposits.
C. Access to the Atlantic Ocean provided trade routes.
D. Lage Savannah areas provided protection from invaders.
14. Which geographic feature was common to the development of civilizations in ancient
Egypt, China, India, and Mesopotamia?
A. river valleys
B. rain forests
C. deserts
D. mountains
15. In the context of ancient civilization, which factor led to the development of
civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia?
A. political harmony
B. favorable geography
C. religious differences
D. universal education
Medium.com. “The Four Major Ancient Mesopotamian Civilization.’’ Accessed May 25,
2020. www.Medium.com
Slideshare ‘’The Iceman: A Historical Inquiry.’’ Accessed May 25, 2020
.www.Slideshare.net
Slideshare ‘’Early Civilizations’’Accessed May 25, 2020. www.slideshare.net
Slideshare.’’The Human Society’’ Accessed May 26,
2020.www.slideshare.net
Sparknotes. “The Rise of Nation-state.’’ Accessed May 26,
2020.www.sparknotes.com
World Population View.”Democracy Countries 2020.’’ Accessed May 26, 2020.
www.woldpopulationview.com
Society and
Politics
Socialization
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Socialization
First Edition, 2020
royalties.
them.


Cainta, Rizal 1800
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
Week
7 What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written with
you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of Understanding Culture
Society and Politics. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
levels of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence
of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond
with the textbook you are now using.
The module is made to explain the
Socialization based on the MELC
Week 5. After going through this
module, you are expected to:
1. Identify the concepts and aspects of socialization.

2. Identify the concepts and aspects of enculturation.
3. Determine the connection
between the agents of
socialization
and enculturation to the development
of an individual.
4. Value the significance of socialization
and enculturation to the
development of one’s self.
What’s In
After assessing what you know about our
module, let us review what you have learned
from the previous module.
Look at the table below. Check whether the

examples are Tangible Cultural Heritage or
Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Remember that tangible cultural Heritage’

refers to physical artifacts produced,
maintained and transmitted from one
generation to another in the society while
Intangible Cultural Heritage refers to the
practices, representations, expressions,
knowledge, skills that communities, groups
and, in some cases, individuals recognize as part of Cultural Heritage.
Tangible Cultural Intangible

Example
Heritage Cultural Heritage
1. T’nalak fabric of the T’boli
2. O, Maliwanag na Buwan sung
by Pilita Corales
3. Dambana ng Kagitingan in
Mount Samat
4. Taal lake and volcano
5. Parada ng Lechon of Balayan
6. Nuno sa punso
7. Pagsasanghiyang
8. The UP Oblation
9. Valenciana Festival of Gen.
Trias
10.Taka figurines of Paete,
Laguna
Analyze carefully the examples to have a perfect score.
What’s New
Learning Task 1: TAKE IT A PART
Take a look at the image below. Consider everything that forms the image.
What is represented by each icon?
1. 4.
G V M
2. 5.
C M T
C R
3.
F M F
What word do you form out of the given letters inside the box from numbers 1 – 6?
What can you say about the image formed?
What is It
In this part of your journey, we provide something for you to read in order to deepen your
understanding about the topic.
Please do it with comprehension to discover knowledge that will help you out in dealing with
the next phase of your quest.
SOCIALIZATION
Do you see the picture? What do you have in
mind?
Very good! If you think that socialization is

very important in our lives, you are absolutely
correct. But what is meant by socialization
really?
Socialization simply means the process of

learning one’s society and its culture. It is
moreover the same as interacting, mingling
and being with other people or groups within/
outside of your society.
How do you feel in a situation when it seems

that you don’t belong and you are being
isolated? Good thinking! Of course you will feel feeling only shows that socialization is
sad and lonely. That kind of important to you ---
and to all of us.
Through socialization, one learns the culture’s language, their roles in life, and what is
expected from them. Without socialization, a person will develop different physical and mental
disabilities. It is sad to know that individuals with no successful socialization develop mental
illness, abnormal or odd behavior and self -isolation. Do you know that there are different
groups of people that influence your orientations and perspectives to life? These groups are
called agents of socialization. These agents play a crucial role in developing yourself as a
person and a member of the society.
Family is the first agent of socialization.

Most of the habits, manners, beliefs and the way we think are develop in the family. A huge part
of your personality is molded by your family because this is where you spent your childhood.
Your family influences you on the way you behave and act as a person. This is when socialization
process is crucial and intense. Do you still remember your happy moments in school? Of course
you do.
School is another agent of socialization.

Here, you interact or socialize with other people- your classmates, teachers, administrators and
others which are outside your family within a society. Your socialization with them has made a
lot of experiences in you. It is in the school that your behavior and attitude are shape to become
a better member of society. So a part of your personality is developed by this agent. Do you
agree?
Your circle of friends is also an agent of socialization. It is called peer group. Your peers usually
have similar ages, social status and share interests. Your peer group influences you on the way
you can accept yourself. It is with your peer group that you find yourself belonged.
I’m sure you learned a lot from your friends, didn’t you? So, you are right when you think that
they are also important agent in shaping your personality.
Social media as agent of socialization plays a crucial role in shaping your personality as well.
Majority of us, young and old, are connected through social media. Much of our waking time is
spent on using social media.
So, this agent of socialization influences your way of life intensively thus doing large part in your
personal development. There are other socialization agents who are also important in moulding
you as a person: the community, the church and the government.
You see? What you are now is a product of socialization. You have been socializing from the time
you were born until now. Socialization is a continuing process until we die. Socialization is really
a necessity for it develops you as person.
ENCULTURATION
We are living in a society of many cultures. Culture is the customary beliefs, social forms, and
material traits of a racial, religious or social group (merriam-webster. com). These cultures
make people different from one another. A group has a set of shared attitudes and practices
which are partially or even totally apart from what others have.
As an individual grows up in a social group, he/she learns to understand his/her identity. This
is where enculturation comes in. Enculturation is the process by
(https://www.definitions.net/definition/Enculturation).
According to Stephen A. Grunland and Marvin K. Mayers (1988) (as cited from Hoebel, 1982),
enculturation is both a conscious and an unconscious conditioning process whereby man, as
child and adult, achieves competence in his culture, internalizes his culture and becomes
thoroughly enculturated. Socializing with people plays a great part in achieving it. He/she
deals with. An individual also learns from observing the surrounding he/she is in.
As a child lives with his family and the community, he/she adapts socially accepted values (e.g.
attending to religious obligations, respecting the elders, etc.) At a very young age, a child is
instilled with values by his/her parents and family. He / She sees the importance of being
together as respected when they eat. Also, he/she learns the foundations of learning; be it
reading the alphabet and counting of numbers.
In school, he/she learns to be socially educated person as he/she observes and adapts the
behavior of other people (e.g. singing the National Anthem, paying respect to the flag, showing
respect to teachers and valuing friendship among friends and classmates). A person becomes
more civilized as he learns more of culturally accepted behavior and knowledge in school.
In a community, a person may be inspired to practice social duties and obligations as observed
and learned from those who do great contributions for the welfare of most people. In these
practices, one may also become a steward of goodwill.
A teenager learns to clothe himself/herself like his/her friends or in great chances, adapts how
they behave and act. He / She appreciate the value of friendship, learn to find joy in sharing
commonalities and accepts differences in choices and decisions. His / Her confidence in dealing
with people can be rooted from a well-maintained relationship with friends.
The government upon its imposition of law refines a person’s way of living. Through which,
he/she learns his civil rights and exercises them righteously. Likewise, he/she learns to respect
government policies and abides to them, knowing that every action has limitation.
In his/her dealing with religious affiliations, a person’s belief in Omnipotent Being is

strengthened. This cultivates the idea that everyone like a brother and a sister. Thus, respect
towards one another is valued. He or she learns to respect differences in faith.
Parents and other authorities are called the initiators of enculturation. As one is enculturated by
those initiators, the process is manifested in his/her actions, choices and decisions. If it is not
because of enculturation, a person will not become the way he/she in the society. One will not
be able to discern what is right from wrong or even make actions to handle problems
encountered. Because of enculturation, an individual knows the boundaries of his/her actions,
words and ideals. As a learned individual, one becomes accepted by the group he/she belongs
with. Enculturation teaches a person of his/her roles in the society. True enough, he/she
becomes functional member of the society.
What’s More
At this part of the module you are given different sets of activities to answer. Read and
understand each direction to accomplish the given activities.
Learning Task 2: PUSH FORWARD

The activity below will help you enhance more what you already know about socialization. Read
the paragraph and fill in the blanks with words or phrases necessary to complete it. The words
and phrases are provided inside the box for you to choose from.
Revitalized and Socialized
Every individual undergoes the process of (1) during his/her life
time. Socialization is a necessary social process for it is through this that (2)
is taking place. It was found out that people who lacked socialization
developed (3) and (4) disabilities. On the other hand, people with
successful socialization experiences become (5)
in different aspects of life.
It is important to remember that (6) are influential in
shaping one’s personality. There are several agents of socialization mentioned in this module.
These agents are: family, peer group, school, church, community, social media and the
government. Among these agents, (7) contributes
the most impact on one’s personal development because the crucial and intense socialization
happens with it.
Becoming part of a particular (8) is a product of socialization. And
so, don’t forget to bear in mind that we need to choose the kind of activities we involve
ourselves into. For whenever we (9) , we develop the kind of
(10) we have.
Learning Task 3: THINK IT OVER

Answer the following questions.
1. What is the importance of the following icons representing the agents of socialization to
your development as a person?
2. Which among the given factors (referring to icons presented above) has the most
important part in the development of a person? Why?
3. How can you differentiate socialization from enculturation? Explain and give your
examples.
Learning Task 4: Reality Check

Socialization is very important to all of us, do you now agree? Do you believe that not all the
experiences we get out of socialization are right? Do you think you have an important role of
choosing the right from wrong experiences whenever you are socializing?
If your answer to all of the questions are YES, then CONGRATULATIONS!
You are now ready to create real life situations the learning you had on socialization. Be proud.
For you are steps closer towards success!
1. Bullying is not healthy in socialization.

2. Make your group activities productive.
3. Learn to socialize more often with professional people.
4. Be critical on information you encounter from social media.
5. Prioritize more important activities.
Now, think of other ideas on how to improve your socialization? Make a list on
the space provided below:
My TIPS on How to Make Socialization Productive
and Meaningful:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What I Have Learned

Learning Task 5: Today, I learned that…
Answering this module is enjoyable because…
After reading and completing this module I have learned that… My
learning’s form this module inspires me to…
What I Can Do
Learning Task 6: I CAN FILL IT
Imagine yourself as the image below. On a separate sheet, fill them in with WHO or WHAT
influence you to become the person you are now.
Your Name
Assessment
Directions: Read the following statement and choose the letter of the correct answer found in a
box.
1. This is the place where a person is enculturated through immersing himself or herself in
serving others with the help of other individuals. We are all part of a that would help us
understand our own cultural and values orientation.
2. As the saying goes, it takes a village to raise a child. Because of these, a child needs a
group of individuals who will shape his or her culture, beliefs and values. What do you
call this group of individual?
3. The first agent of socialization is our family most especially our parents. Throughout our
life we will have our set of chosen family that will also guide us in socialization and teach
us to interact with other people. Who is this chosen family?
4. At this day and age of modern technology, a new agent of socialization has influenced
people both young and old. The influence of this agent is both good and bad. This is why
our family and friends play an important role in managing the influence of this agent.
What agent of socialization is this?
5. Aside from teaching morality and reverence to our Creator, this institution also instills
cultural appreciation and cultural values that would shape the personality of a child.
What is this institution?
6. Every individual undergoes a social process which enables him/her to become part of
one’s culture throughout his/her life time. Which concept refers to this process?
7. Through socialization we learn some ways of behaving. Which of the choices is normally
learned during socialization?
8. Socialization is an important social activity in the development of a person. How does
socialization affect the development of an individual?
9. The agents of socialization performing role in the development of one’s personality.
However, each of them influences the development of individual in varying degree.
What is the first agent of socialization that influences the development of a person
intensively?
10. Socialization process affects the development of an individual on different aspects.
Which among the choices is an effect to an individual who has not been successfully
socialized?
11. School is one of the different institutions in the society that help in the foundation and
development of a person. Students are learning by example from their teacher and their
fellow students. Which is an example of enculturation in school?
12.A person projects an image different among others. One is a product of the culture he/she
adapted which brings his/her own individuality and identity. What then is the
importance of enculturation to the development of one’s self?
13. Enculturation shapes an individual through different processes. Knowingly or
unknowingly, one internalizes the practices of the group he or she belongs. Which among
the following one can be best enculturated?
14. Personal identity develops in many ways, depending on preferred choices. In a society
where there are many cultures, one’s identity can be formed through enculturation.
Which of the following highlights enculturation?
15. Enculturation exists as one adapts or obtains behaviors and beliefs from different
initiators of this process. These authorities can bring out a person’s view of what life is
about. Which of the following figures play a vital role in developing personal identity in
children?
Additional Activities
REMEMBER AND SHARE. YOU’RE A DOER!
Choose any of the tasks below which you feel easy for you to do.
Use a separate sheet.
a. Write 2 or 3 sentences showing your appreciation on the topic socialization and

enculturation.
b. You can also write a “motto” or tag line about socialization enculturation.
c. You may also draw if you want about socialization enculturation.
d. A poem is very much welcome about socialization enculturation...
Understanding
Culture, Society
and Politics
Social Organizations
Understanding Culture, Society and
Politics Social Organizations
First Edition, 2020
royalties.
them.


Cainta, Rizal 1800
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
What I Need to Know
of Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
The module is about examining the concept, characteristics and forms of social stratification
using sociological perspective. (MELC week 9)

1. Define the concept of social groups
2. Identify the characteristics and forms of social groups.
3. Share examples of primary, secondary, in, out, reference group and networks based on
real life situation.
What’s In
Learning Task 1: Complete the letters of the word based from what the pictures are implied.
1. F_ _ _ l_
4. N _ _ W _ _ _s
2. F _ _ _n _s
3. C _a_ _m_ _ _ s
5. O _ g _n _ z _ t _ _ n
What’s New
Learning Task 2: Directions: Complete the sentence below based on the previous activity:
1. The words that I formed were

and
.
2. I can relate to the picture/s above because
What is It
In this part of your journey, we provided something for you to read to deepen your
understanding about the topic. Please do it with comprehension to discover knowledge that will
help you out in dealing with the next phase of your quest.
CONCEPT OF SOCIAL GROUPS

Everyone belongs to a group; your race, gender, favorite sports team, your college, even
the place where you were born were all examples of groups. Sometimes groupings are
determined by factors related to who we are (sex, age, race/ethnicity) but in many other cases,
they arrive in a somewhat arbitrary fashion. In school, you would likely associate with
classmates who share the same interests as you do like having a common hobby or sports
affiliation or even fashion sense or even love of a certain type of music.
What is a Group?
A group is composed of two or more persons interacting with each other and guided by a
set of norms. It is also defined as specified number of individuals where each recognizes
members as distinct from non-members.
Basic Classifications of Social Groups
1. Primary Groups
Primary groups are marked by concern for one another, shared activities and culture,
and long periods of time spent together. They are influential in developing an individual’s
personal identity. The goal of primary groups is actually the relationships themselves rather
than achieving some other purpose. The examples of a primary group but not limited to be your
family and childhood and close friends.
The concept of the primary group was introduced by Charles Cooley in his book, Social
Organization: A Study of the Larger Mind. (Contreras, Antonio P. et al. “Social Groups”.
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 2016)
Sample Groups: Family, Play group, Village/Neighborhood, Work-team

2. Secondary Groups
Secondary relationships involve weak emotional ties and little personal knowledge of
one another. In contrast to primary groups, secondary groups don’t have the goal of maintaining
and developing the relationships themselves. These groups are based on usual or habitual
interests or affairs. It includes groups in which one exchanges explicit commodities, such as
labor for wages, services for payments, and such.
Sample Groups: Nation, Church Hierarchy, Professional Association, Corporation,

University classes, Athletic teams, and groups of coworkers.
3. In-group
Belonging to the same group as others who share the same common bond and interests
who are more likely to understand each other refers to an in- group. Sample Groups: Sports
team, Unions and Sororities
4. Out-group
Those who do not belong to the in-group are part of the out-group, which exist in the
perceptions of the in group members and takes on social reality as a result of behavior by
in-group members who use the out group as a negative point of reference.
5. Reference Groups
A reference group is a collection of people that we use as a standard of comparison for
ourselves regardless of whether we are part of that group. We rely on reference groups to
understand social norms, which then shape our values, ideas, behavior, and appearance. This
means that we also use them to evaluate the relative worth, desirability, or appropriateness of
these things.
By looking to reference groups--be they those of race, class, gender, sexuality, religion,
region, ethnicity, age, or localized groups defined by neighborhood or school, among others-- we
see norms and dominant values, and we choose to either embrace and reproduce them in our
own thoughts, behavior, and interactions with others; or, we reject and refute them by thinking
and acting in ways that break from them. Sample of these groups are parents, siblings, teachers,
peers, associates and friends.
6. Network
A network is a collection of people tied together by a specific pattern of connections.
They can be characterized by the number of people involved, as in the dyad (by twos) and triad
(by threes), but also in terms of their structures (who is connected to whom) and functions
(what flows across ties). Networks indeed, are able to do more things and different things than
individuals acting on their own could. Networks have this effect, regardless of the content of the
connections or persons involved.
Nowadays, the giving of information and establishing of connections and various

relationships can be done through social networking sites. In this manner,
it is easier to form connections, relationships and linkages. Example: Family
Members, Friends, Work Colleagues, Classmates
There is another strong example of a network that has boomed since the beginning of
the 21st century. Since 1979, electronic forms of social networking have boomed, starting with
CompuServe and MySpace, and moving to other networking applications such as Facebook,
Snapchat, Twitter, and Instagram.
What’s More
Learning Task 3: Directions: Answer the following questions and write it on your answer sheet.
1. Pretend that you belong to a particular in-group in your class. You noticed that one
classmate from your class does not belong to any group. What would you do? Would you invite
him to join your in-group? Why? Why not?
2. The Sangguniang Kabataan of your barangay approached your group in school to help
them in the feeding program of the community. They also asked the help of the other groups
from your school. What would you do to help the SK officials? Would you ask the out-groups to
join you? How?
What I Have Learned

Learning Task 4: Directions: Differentiate the following classifications of groups by citing their
characteristics and examples. Do this on your answer sheet.
Primary Group
Characteristics Examples
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
Secondary Group
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
In-Group
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
Out-Group
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
What I Can Do
Learning Task 5: Directions: Answer the following questions comprehensively. Write your
answers on your answer sheet.
Question: Think of a group that you belong to. How does this group influence you as a student?
Answer: The group that I belong to is my .
Assessment
Directions: Read the items carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer
on your answer sheet.
1. In your everyday life in school or in your neighbourhood, your kabarkada is an example
of:
A. In-group
B. Primary Group
C. Secondary Group
D. Out-Group
2. Typically a small social group whose members share close, personal and enduring
relationships.
A. Out-Group
B. Primary group
C. Secondary group
D. Networking group
3. Among different kinds of social groups in our society, this can be small or large, mostly
impersonal and usually short-term.
A. Out-group
B. Social Group
C. Primary Group
D. Secondary Group
4. In various manifestation of characteristics of social group, below are examples of

out-groups EXCEPT:
A. Gays and lesbians
B. Urban and City groups
C. Network and Social Group
D. Classmates sharing the same likes and dislikes
5. Every social group manifests specific sets of characteristics, which of the following is
NOT a characteristic of members in an ingroup?
A. a sense of “we” rather than “I”
B. a feeling of unity
C. similar likes/dislikes
D. knowing out-group’s differences
6. Based on the kind of social relation, which of the following is an example of an in- group?
A. enemies
B. a biker and a singer
C. members of a dance troupe
D. knowing out-group’s differences
7. Nowadays technology-based social group has been already part of everyone’s daily life.
As such, social networking sites is considered as are powerful tools
A. Communication
B. Laboratory
C. Man-made
D. Technological
8. These are sets of informal and formal social ties that link people to each other.
A. In-groups
B. Networks
C. Out-groups
D. Reference groups
9. Network is a highly influenced the lives of the people. Which of the following is the
true reason for forming networks:
A. Personal
B. Economic
C. Socio-Cultural
D. Environmental
10. Network links people among themselves in various ways. Which words below
pertains to an example of networks:
A. Letters
B. Postcards
C. Facebook
D. Instagram
Answer Key
Lesson 3 L
e
s
s
o
n
1
Lesson 2
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
References
Lesson 1
Anthropology vs Sociology. (n.d.). Retrieved May 23,2020 from

https://www.diffen.com/difference/Anthropology_vs_Sociology.
Cultural Dynamics. (n.d.). Retrieved May 20, 2020 from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/cultural- dynamics.
Department of Political Science. (n.d.). Retrieved May 20, 2020 from

https://www.polisci.washington.edu/what-political-science.
Ifie, C. (2017, November 21). Anthropology Vs. Sociology. Retrieved May 20, 2020
from https://education.seattlepi.com/anthropology-vs-
sociology-1536.html.
Parena, K. (2017, March 30). Understanding the concepts of anthropology, sociology.
Retrieved May 20, 2020 from
https://www.slideshare.net/kellykhel/ understanding-the-concepts-
of-anthropology-sociology.
Lesson 2
A. Book
Lanuaza, G. M. and S.S. Raymundo. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. Manila:
Rex Bookstore, 2016.
Teachers Guide, Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics, 1st ed. 2016.
Teachers DepEd Learners Manual, Understanding Culture, Society,
st
and Politics, 1 ed. 2016.
B. Electronic Materials
Caparas-Abrina, Dennis. “Viva Valenciana!” Cavite Info p.1, accessed
May 25, 2020 http://cavite.info/article/viva-valenciana.html.
Taboclaon, Aleah. “Sinulog Festival in Cebu, Everything You Need to know.” Accessed
May 25, 2020 https://guidetothephilippines.ph
/articles/historyculture/sinulog-festival-cebu-guide.
Lesson 3
Wikimedia Commons. From Popular Science Monthly 26 (1884): 145. Public Domain.
https://mitocw.ups.edu.ec/courses/anthropology/21a-01-how-culture-
works-fall-2012/readings/MIT21A_01F12_Sir_Edwrd_cul.pdf
https://study.com/academy/lesson/ethnocentrism-vs-cultural- relativism.html
https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/individuals-and-
society/perception-prejudice-and-bias/v/ethnocentrism-and-cultural-
relativism-in-group-and-out-group
https://englishlive.ef.com/blog/english-in-the-real-world/hand-gestures/
Lesson 4
Medium.com. “The Four Major Ancient Mesopotamian Civilization.’’ Accessed May 25,
2020. www.Medium.com
Slideshare ‘’The Iceman: A Historical Inquiry.’’ Accessed May 25, 2020
.www.Slideshare.net
Slideshare ‘’Early Civilizations’’Accessed May 25, 2020. www.slideshare.net Slideshare.’’The Human
Society’’ Accessed May 26, 2020.www.slideshare.net
Sparknotes. “The Rise of Nation-state.’’ Accessed May 26,
2020.www.sparknotes.com
World Population View.”Democracy Countries 2020.’’ Accessed May 26, 2020.
www.woldpopulationview.com
Lesson 5
Grunlan, Stephen A., and Mayers, Marvin K. 1988. Cultural Anthropology: A Christian
Perspective: Enculturation. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan
Publishing House, 1988.
https://www.definitions.net/definition/Enculturation (Accessed May 25, 2020)
Merriam-Webster. Com (Accessed May 25, 2020)
https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=KbQlDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT61&lpg=PT61&dq
(Accessed May 25, 2020)
Lesson 6
Contreras, Antonio P. et al. “Social Groups”. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics.
Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 2016
Lanuza, G M., and Raymundo, S S., 2016. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. First
edition. Manila. Rex Book Store Inc. (RBSI)
https://courses.lumenlearning.com www.yourarticle
library.com

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Ucsp Week 1 8 Module

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Understanding

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Learning Task 1: #Walang Forever –

Before COVID-19 During COVID-19

View of the world

Culture Society Politics

Answers the What does it mean to be How do we study society?

Where did it Anthropology started as a science Sociology emerged as an academic

Sociology started as the study of

Concept Anthropology is the study of people Sociology is the study of society,

Subjects of Biological anthropology refers to Anything in a society that influences

Cultural anthropology is the study

- See the commonalities among -Obtain possible theories and

Learning Task 3: #MY PERSONAL SOCIAL MAP

Answer the following questions

Description of your society

What I Have Learned

The Topic was about

I’ve Learned today that

Issue/Problem Discipline/s in social science you will use

a. Anthropology b. Political Science c. Sociology

a. Anthropology c. Political Science

Published by the Department of Education

Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON

The module presents the topics on:

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Learning Task 1: #LearningStationActivity

Learning Task 2: #wordhunt101

Learning Task 3: #situation-analysis

2. Culture varies from society to society.

5. Culture is transmitted among members of society.

6. Culture is continuous and cumulative.

Culture and society as a complex whole means it encompasses the

Learning Task 6: #Let’sSumUp!

Learning Task 7: #pi-YES-ta!

1. Sinulog Festival is Cebuano’s way of honoring Sto. Nino; Pangasinan’s Bangus

Culture will never be a culture without .

Published by the Department of Education

Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Description Aspect of Culture

1. Family is the most important unit of a. Arts and literature

“Them” and their culture “Me” and my Culture

A man can have multiple wives. He can share

When entering a nearly empty movie theater

Hand Gestures Hand Gestures

The V- hand gesture is an offensive sign in

In order to control their population in

Individuals practicing Hinduism believe in

Hebrew and Arabic books are read from right

Table Manners Table Manners

Europeans and Americans use spoon and fork

1. What can you say about the culture of these people?

4. Can we consider some of their cultural practices as right or wrong? Explain.

Cultural Relativism as the Opposite View

Cultural relativism is very important in studying the culture of other people. It is a

● Cultural relativism promotes greater appreciation of the cultures that an individual

What I Have Learned

I’ve Learned today that

2. Western culture is superior and opposite of non-Western culture.

3. When you don’t say “po” at “opo,” you are impolite.

7. Ilocanos are thrifty because they are poor.

1. Ben is an ethnocentric. He considers other people, specifically indigenous tribes, as