Chapter 5

The Equation x' j( t, X)

The present chapter is dedicated to the existence of almost automorphic

solution of the nonlinear differential equation

x'(t) = f(t,x(t)) (5.1)

in a Banach space X. We also give an immediate linear version of the

result in Section 5.2.

5.1 Existence of almost automorphic so-

lutions
Theorem 5.1.1 Let f : JR. x X --+ X be a function, which is almost
automorphic in t for each x and f, satisfying a Lipschitz condition in x
unifor-mly in t. Assume that the equation ( 5.1) possesses an asymptot-
ically almost automorphic solution x(t), t E JR.+. If the principal term
of x(t) is differentiable on JR., then it is an almost automorphic solution
of (5.1).

Proof: Write
x(t) = g(t) + h(t), t E JR.+,
where g and h are its principal and corrective terms, respectively. We
have
x'(t) = f(t, x(t)), t E JR+,

89

G. M. N’Guerekata, Almost Automorphic and Almost Periodic Functions in Abstract Spaces

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2001
90 Gaston M. N'Guerekata

so that we can write

x'(t) = f(t, g(t)) + (f(t, x(t))- f(t, g(t)))

for each t E JR+ .
We observe that the function F : lR --+ X defined by F(t) =
f(t,g(t)) is a continuous function oft. It is also almost automorphic
by Theorem 2. 2. 6. The function H : JR+ --+ X defined by
H(t) = f(t, x(t))- f(t, g(t))
is continuous and
lim IIH(t)ll = 0.
t--roo
Indeed we have
IIH(t)ll :::; Lllx(t)- g(t)ll = Lllh(t)ll
for some positive constant L, and note that limHoo llh(t)ll = 0.
We have just proved that x'(t) is asymptotically almost automorphic
by Remark 3.2.2 and
x'(t) = g'(t) + h'(t), t E JR+.
By the uniqueness of the decomposition of x'(t), we get
g'(t) = f(t, g(t)), t E JR+.
This equation holds true on lR by Theorem 2.1. 8.

5. 2 The linear case

In this section we study a linear version of the preceding theorem.
Theorem 5.2.1 Consider in X the differential equation
x'(t) = Ax(t) + f(t) (5.2)
where A is a bounded linear operator in X and f : lR --+ X is an almost
automorphic function. Assume that (5.2) possesses an asymptotically
almost automorphic solution. If its principal term is differential on IR,
then it is an almost automorphic solution of (5.2).