15-01-2022

14 & 15-JANUARY-2022

The Hindu News Analysis – 14th & 15th January 2022– Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

1
Liberal economics creates illiberal societies (Editorial) 12 10 6 8 6
(14/01/2022)
2
Forest, tree cover in India up by 2,261 sq. km in two years 16 14 10 12 10
(14/01/2022)
3
U.N. mission speaks to crew members of UAE-flagged vessel No Edition
seized by Houthis with seven Indians on board
4 10th century idol discovered in England, returned to India No Edition

5 Prelims Practice Questions

@ end of the video
6 Mains Practice Questions
*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram

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Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
 General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-
diversity and Climate Change - that do not require
subject specialization.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-IV
General Studies ‐ III: Technology, Economic
Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security
and Disaster Management.
 Conservation, environmental pollution and
degradation, environmental impact assessment.

 All types of land irrespective of their

India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021
• Released by Minister for Environment, Forest
and Climate Change.
• Prepared by the Forest Survey of India (FSI).
ownership, land use and legal status.
 ISFR 2021 - total forest & tree cover -
80.9 million hectares - 24.62% of Country’s
geographical area.

• Biennial publication.  Increased by 2,261 sq.km in last two years.

• 1st release - 1987.  Target under National Forest Policy of 1988

• ISFR 2021 - 17th report. - achieve 33% of Country’s geographical

area under forest & tree cover.
• Forest cover data
 forest cover - all lands with
area - more than one hectare
tree canopy density - more than 10%

 No distinction between the origin of tree

crops or tree species - man made/natural.

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 Largest forest cover - Madhya Pradesh,

Arunachal Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Odisha &
Maharashtra.

 Highest % of forest cover w.r.t total

geographical area of the State - north
eastern state.

 Mizorum, Arunachal P., Meghalaya, Manipur

& Nagaland.

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 Changes in forest cover

 Maximum increase - Andhra Pradesh, Telangana & Odisha.

 Maximum decrease - Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland and Mizoram.

 17 states/UT’s - above 33% of their geographical area under forest cover.

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• Forest carbon stock

 Carbon sequestered from atmosphere &

stored within the forest ecosystem (living
biomass, soil, dead wood and litter).

 More the carbon stock, higher would be the

forest’s capacity to absorb and sequester
carbon dioxide (CO2).

 Findings of ISFR 2021:

 Carbon stock - 6663 million tonnes in 2011

 Last 5 biennial assessments - increasing

trend - carbon stock of the Country’s
forests.

• Mangrove cover

 FSI estimates mangrove cover since 1987.

 Categorized in ISFR 2021 - Very Dense Forests,

Moderately Dense Forests and Open Forests.

 Finding of ISFR 2021:

 Total mangrove cover 4,992 sq km

 Increased by 17 sq Km.

 Odisha & Maharashtra - gain in mangrove

cover

 Odisha - natural regeneration, plantation

activities

 Maharashtra - natural regeneration.

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. With reference to Indian State of Forest Report
2021, which of the following statements is/are
correct?
1. Madhya Pradesh has the maximum forest
cover. Practice Question – Mains
2. A decreasing trend is observed in the GS – III
Country’s Carbon stock from the last 5
biennial assessments. Q. What is a carbon stock? Explain its
3. Odisha has shown significant loss in significance and status according to
mangrove cover. Indian State of Forest Report 2021.
Select the correct answer from the code given (250 Words, 15 Marks)
below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) All the above

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Yogini cult
• Mentioned in:
• Based on Yoginis.
 Kalika purana
• Yoginis - group of powerful female divinities
associated with the Tantric mode of worship.  Skanda purana

• Often 64.  Brihadnandikeswara Purana

• Believed to possess infinite powers.  Sansatha yogini namavali

• Scholars - originally women or priestesses,  Chandi purana of Sarala Das

possessed by the spirit of goddesses.  Bata Avakasa of Balaram Das

• Principal ones - mother goddesses Brahmani,  Markendeya Purana

Maheswari, Vaisnavi, Kaumari, Varabi, Indrani
 Mahabhagavata Purana
and Chamundi.

Chausath Yogini temples

1. Hirapur Yogini temple, Odisha.

• All standing idols - carved out of black

chlorite stone.

• Built by Queen Hiradevi of Bramha dynasty

during 9th century. Hirapur Yogini temple

2. Temple in Ranipur Jharial, Odisha - idols in Hirapur Yogini temple

dancing poses.

3. Temple in Bheraghat, Madhya Pradesh -

seated in Lalitasana.

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Ranipur Jharial Yogini temple

Bheraghat Yogini temple

Ranipur Jharial Yogini temple

4. Chausath Yogini temple, Morena, Madhya

Pradesh.

• Built by the Kachchhapaghata king Devapala.

• Ekattarso Mahadeva Temple - venue of

astrology and mathematics education based
on the transit of the Sun.

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements, with
reference to Yogini, recently seen in news.
1. They are associated with the Tantric
mode of worship.
2. There are no temples dedicated for
yoginis in India.
Which of the statements given above
is/are incorrect?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Part A—Preliminary Examination

Paper I - (200 marks)
 Current events of national and international importance.
 Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
 Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives,
etc.
Part B—Main Examination
PAPER-III
General Studies‐ II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations
• Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
PAPER-IV
General Studies-III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster
Management.
 Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
 Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.

Liberalism Factors that are weakening democratic

principle
• Political aspect
• Nationalism and authoritarianism
 The right of an individual person to life,
liberty and property is the highest goal of • United States, India, the United Kingdom,
government and the European Union.

 A monarchy or a dictatorship - cannot • Political point of view

protect the life and liberty of its citizens
 Weakening of the democratic structure and
 Construct institutions that protect individual secularism
freedom by checking political power
• Economic point of view
• Economic aspect
 Economy – not well – benefits
 A country "opening up" to the world with concentrated in the top 1%
regard to trade, regulations, taxation that
 The ‘trickle down’ phenomenon – diminished
generally affect business in the country

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How economic despair is feeding nationalism

 Example - financial crisis of 2007-08 • Opening national borders to free trade –

liberalization
and the ongoing COVID-19 crisis
 Taxes of incomes and wealth at the top -
 Inequalities of wealth have increased
reduced.
 India - becoming one of the world’s most
unequal countries.  Principle - spirits of ‘wealth creators’ must
not be curtailed
 Economic despair - feeding the rise of
 Only if wealth is created, it can be shared
authoritarianism and nationalism.
with the bottom poor people
 Liberal economics - caused the rise of
 Example - US and many countries in Europe
anti-liberal societies
had built up public health and education
infrastructure by levying higher taxes until
the 1970s

 Now, the rich are being taxed much lesser
 Growth has happened but the
richest few - benefiting from the growth
 Wealth created by the top 1% will be used
to finance the social security schemes to
pull the poor out of the poverty loop.
 Have no responsibility to give back to the
society
only the
 Profit from the public undertakings - for
budgeting social sector schemes
 Can buy with the higher incomes even if
the services become expensive

• Government privatizing the public assets.  Better health care, better education

 No resources  Children of wealthier people with better

education have greater access to
 Efficiency in delivery of services
opportunities in the future
 Results in wealth accumulation
 Increases the gaps between the haves and
 When the public assets are privatized, it the have-nots
becomes a private asset.

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Current situation
• Capitalism
• Communism
 Replacing all publicly owned enterprises
 It had lifted living standards, and the with privately owned ones
health and education of masses of poorer
 Denied many of the basic human needs of
people faster than capitalism
health, education and social security, and
 Solution to the “property” question – failure equal opportunities for the children

 Deprived people of personal liberties  Private property solution - harmed the

natural environment

Way forward

• Economic policies should be based on new ideas

• Principles of human rights should not be

overpowered by property rights Practice Question – Mains

• A new form of “Gandhian” democratic

GS – II / III
socialism, powered by cooperative economic Q. Economic despair is feeding
enterprises, is required in the 21st century. ultranationalism. In the light of the above
statement, explain the impacts of
• A “citizen participative”, “government
liberalism and privatization on the society.
regulated ”, and “responsible and accountable
(250 Words, 15 Marks)
economic enterprise” consisted approach is
needed

• To create wealth at the bottom, and to save

humanity and the planet.

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Stockholm Agreement 1. Hudaydah agreement

• A voluntary accord between the parties of the  Immediate ceasefire in the city of
conflict in Yemen. Hudaydah and the ports of Hudaydah,
Salif and Ras Issa.
• Agreed in Stockholm, Sweden, on 13 December 2018.
 Redeployment of forces, securing the
• 3 components
ports, the establishment of the joint
Redeployment Coordination Committee
chaired by UN.

 Strengthened UN presence.

 Led to the establishment of the UN

Mission to support the Hudaydah
Agreement (UNMHA).

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2. Executive mechanism on activating the

Implications
prisoner exchange agreement.
• Succeeded in averting further deterioration
 Provide to the Office of the Special Envoy
of the situation - jeopardized hundreds of
and the International Committee of the
thousands of Yemeni lives
Red Cross (ICRC) final lists of prisoners,
detainees, kidnapped persons, or any • Estimated that 150,000 people who had left
persons arrested in relation to the events. the city Hudaydah have returned

 Establish technical working group - • Expansion in the humanitarian flows.

exclusively on the logistical and technical
• Deposit the port revenues into a special
aspects of the exchange.
account in under UN supervision to pay for
• A statement of understanding on Taïz. the salaries of the civil servants in Hudaydah

 Form a joint committee for Taïz - • Provides opportunities for the conflict to end.
representative from the parties of the
conflict + civil society + United Nations.

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. The Hudaydah Agreement often seen in
news, is related to mitigating humanitarian
crisis in
a) South Sudan
b) Yemen
c) Syria
d) Lebanon

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q1. With reference to Indian State of Forest Report
2021, which of the following statements is/are
correct?
1. Madhya Pradesh has the maximum forest
cover.
2. A decreasing trend is observed in the
Country’s Carbon stock from the last 5
biennial assessments.
3. Odisha has shown significant loss in
mangrove cover.
Select the correct answer from the code given
below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) All the above

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Practice Question – Prelims

Q2. Consider the following statements, with
reference to Yogini, recently seen in news.
1. They are associated with the Tantric
mode of worship.
2. There are no temples dedicated for
yoginis in India.
Which of the statements given above
is/are incorrect?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Practice Question – Prelims

Q3. The Hudaydah Agreement often seen in
news, is related to mitigating humanitarian
crisis in
a) South Sudan
b) Yemen
c) Syria
d) Lebanon

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Practice Question – Prelims

Answers

Q1. Option (a) – 1 only

Q2. Option (b) – 2 only
Q3. Option (c) – Yemen

Practice Question – Mains

Practice Question – Mains
GS – II / III
GS – III
Q. Economic despair is feeding
Q. What is a carbon stock? Explain its
ultranationalism. In the light of the above
significance and status according to
statement, explain the impacts of
Indian State of Forest Report 2021.
liberalism and privatization on the society.
(250 Words, 15 Marks)
(250 Words, 15 Marks)

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