ELEX 1117: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES I LAB 2

ELEX 1117: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES I

LAB #2 – INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC SOURCES

AND LOGIC INDICATORS

Student Name: Student Number: Set:

Bench#:

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 ELEX 1117: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES I LAB 2

Objectives
1. Investigate the electrical connections of a Grayhill SPDT switch.
2. Build a logic probe with common cathode and common anode LED indicators.
3. Build inverting and non-inverting logic sources using Grayhill SPDT switch.

Equipment:
• Adjustable DC Power Supply, Digital MultiMeter (DMM), ELEX 1117 parts kit, tools
and prototype breadboard
Pre- Lab
Complete the eight questions in this section before coming to lab.
NOTE: Read through Lab 2 – SPDT Switches and Logic Sources for information that will help
you complete this lab.

GRAYHILL SWITCH

1. Circle the pins of the Normally Closed contacts:

We will use normally closed contacts when we want the output to be (circle one):
ACTIVE HIGH ACTIVE LOW

2. Circle the pins of the Normally Open contacts:

We will use normally open contacts when we want the output to be (circle one):
ACTIVE HIGH ACTIVE LOW

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 ELEX 1117: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES I LAB 2

3. Circle the pins of the common contacts:

4. Complete the following drawings showing the pin number for each of the four SPDT
switches. This will serve as a handy reference for later lab exercises.

13
14

Switch Switch Switch Switch

D C B A

5. Complete each of the following diagrams, showing the pin numbers needed to configure the
Grayhill switches as Normally Open SPST switches. Specifically, label the diagrams with
pin numbers such that the contacts are open when the handles are down. These are referred
to as “Normally Open” contacts. Refer to the Grayhill switch drawing on the previous page.

1
#

13 #

Switch Switch Switch Switch

D C B A

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 ELEX 1117: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES I LAB 2

6. Complete each of the following diagrams, showing the pin numbers needed to configure the
Grayhill switches as Normally Closed SPST switches. Specifically, label the diagrams with
pin numbers such that the contacts are closed when the handles are down. These are referred
to as “Normally Closed” contacts. Refer to the Grayhill switch drawing on the previous
page.

14
#

#
13

Switch Switch Switch Switch

D C B A

GRAYHILL SWITCH APPLICATIONS: LOGIC SOURCES

7. Draw four logic sources in the space below (use all 4 switches in the Grayhill SPDT package). Logic
sources A and B are non-inverting (active high) and logic sources C and D are inverting (active low).
Include pin numbers and label your logic sources.
NOTE: Verify that the power supply is set to +5 Volts before connecting power to your breadboard.
NEVER APPLY POWER DIRECTLY TO THE LED: you must always have the current limiting
resistor (1 KΩ) in series with the LED.

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 ELEX 1117: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES I LAB 2

8. Draw one logic source configured to output both non-inverting and inverting signals in the
space below. Include pin numbers and label your logic sources (A and 𝐀̅ ).

Exercises
A. LOGIC PROBES (LOGIC TESTING CIRCUIT):

1. Logic probe is a testing circuit consisting of two LEDs Logic Testing Circuit
and two resistors in series. One LED indicates active high
+5 V
(+5 V) and the other indicates active low logic state (0 V).
This is achieved with common anode and common
cathode LED configurations. The logic probe will become
1K
useful in troubleshooting your digital circuits moving
forward.
First, build the given circuit on the right side of your
breadboard: GRN

Test Pt.

1K
Which LEDs are on? Circle all that apply:
LED1 LED2
RED

NOTE: Test Point (TP) (which is nothing but a jumper wire) will be used in next steps to take
more observations.

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 ELEX 1117: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES I LAB 2

2. Next, we will use a jumper wire to simulate an input or test +5V

point (TP) to our logic probe. One end of the jumper wire is
inserted between LED1 and LED2. The other end (test point) is 1k
first connected to the positive power rail (+5 V):
LED1 (RED)

LED2 (GREEN)

Which LEDs are on? Circle all that apply: 1k

LED1 LED2

3. Now move the jumper wire so that the test point is now connected to the negative power rail
(0V).
a. Which LEDs are on? Circle all that apply:
LED1 LED2

b. What kind of signal is LED1 indicating (circle one)?

ACTIVE HIGH ACTIVE LOW

c. What kind of signal is LED2 indicating (circle one)?

ACTIVE HIGH ACTIVE LOW

LED1 is wired as COMMON ___________ and LED2 is wired as COMMON _____________.

Hint: The “common” lead is connected to the power rail through a resistor.The logic probe can
be left in place for the remainder of the term. It will become your most used tool when
troubleshooting your circuits. We will be using it in the next exercise to test your logic sources.

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 ELEX 1117: DIGITAL TECHNIQUES I LAB 2

4. You may have noticed that the green LED is dimmer than the red LED, and in a brightly lit
room it can be difficult to tell that it is illuminated.
What can you do to increase the brightness of the LEDs?
______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________.

B. OBSERVATIONS WITH LOGIC SOURCES

5. Build the four logic sources you drew for prep (part 7 of Pre- lab section above). Use your
logic probe to test the outputs and ensure they work as expected.
DEMO 1: Show one of the four logic sources to you instructor with completed tables in part 6
and Part 7 here.
6. Connect the logic indicator circuit/ Logic Probe TP to the output of each logic source and
observe and record which of the Logic Indicator’s LEDs is lit for each switch position.

Logic Source A Logic Source B ̅

Logic Source 𝑪 ̅
Logic Source 𝑫
Switch LED ON LED On LED On LED On LED On LED On LED On LED On
position GRN or GRN or GRN or GRN or GRN or GRN or GRN or GRN or
RED RED RED RED RED RED RED RED
(predicted) (observed) (predicted) (observed) (predicted) (observed) (predicted) (observed)

Down
Up

7. Disconnect the Logic Indicator from the logic source’s output, connect the DMM and then
record the output voltage of the logic source for each switch position.

Logic Source A Logic Source B ̅

Logic Source 𝑪 ̅
Logic Source 𝑫

Switch Vout Vout Vout Vout Vout Vout Vout Vout

position (predicted) (observed) (predicted) (observed) (predicted) (observed) (predicted) (observed)

Down
Up

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8. Reconnect the Logic Indicator to each logic source’s output, in succession, and use the DMM
to measure the output voltage of the logic source for each switch position
Logic Source 𝑨 Logic Source B ̅
Logic Source 𝑪 ̅
Logic Source 𝑫
Switch Vout Vout Vout Vout Vout Vout Vout Vout
position (predicted) (observed) (predicted) (observed) (predicted) (observed) (predicted) (observed)

Down
Up
NOTE: This time you want to record the logic source output voltage with the Logic
Indicator circuit TP connected to the logic source!

Explain the effect of having the logic probe connected to the output of the logic source:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________

9. Remove all the wiring from switch used in the first demo. Now build one logic source
configured to output both a non-inverting and inverting signal (part 8 of Pre- Lab section above).
DEMO 2: Show your working logic source to your instructor (both non-inverting and
inverting).

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