REDUCTION OF STATEMENT TO LOGICAL FORM

EXAMPLE :-
1) Every man is responsible for his actions.
2) Any men can lift this weight.
3) All that glitters
is not gold.
4) Every military general does not have a sound plan for defense.
5) What ever goes up must come down.
6) Men are not necessarily bad.
7) Not a single members of the crew was saved.
8) Not even one mango in the basket was rotten.
9) Judges are not at all partial.
10) Most houses in japan are build of light material.
11) All most all the passenger were injured.
12) A few donors did not help the victims of famine in Bihar.
13) All but one member of the picnic party did not return safe.
14) Central railway trains frequently run late.
15) Perhaps modern men do not care for religion.
16) Few men are free from vanity.
17) Few have peace of mind who prosper by cheating.
18) Few nation do not wish to avoid third world war.
19) Few great men are not considerate.
20) A few thieves are kind hearted.
ANS:
1. All men are responsible for their actions.
2. Some men can lift this weight.
3. Not everything that glitters is gold.
4. Not every military general has a sound plan for defense.
5. Anything that goes up must come down.
6. Not all men are necessarily bad.
7. No members of the crew were saved.
8. Every mango in the basket was not rotten.
9. Judges are completely impartial.
10.Most houses in Japan are built of light material.
11.Almost all the passengers were injured.
12.Some donors did not help the victims of famine in Bihar.
13.Only one member of the picnic party returned safe.
14.Some Central railway trains frequently run late.
15.Perhaps modern men do not care for religion.
16.Few men are free from vanity.
17.Few prosper by cheating and have peace of mind.
18.Few nations wish to avoid the third world war.
19.Few great men are not considerate.
20.A few thieves are kind-hearted.
POINT OUT THE KIND OF SIMPLE PROPOSITION AND
SYMBOLISED IT.
1) Alexzender was a military leader.
2) The sea is calm tonight.
3) Vijayalaxmi is indira’s aunt.
4) That big dog chases cat.
5) Clinton was one of the president of the united states.
6) That is an artificial satellite.
7) Halen kaller was one of the world most interesting character.
8) I am feeling better.
9) Badger is an amusing nick name.
10) This is rough.
11) John smokes.
12) Marcopolo travelled from vannece to china.
13) Savitri like classical music.
14) Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan is among the famous cultural organization.
15) It is real cool.
16) France had great trust in a Maganot line.
17) Rajnikant was nursed by sheet wolf.

IDENTIFY THE KIND OF COMPOUND PROPOSITION AND

SYMBOLIZED IT.
1) Osama bin laden is dead and the world has lost great mujahid.
2) Either lata or asha will sing
3) If radha was the wife of Krishna then Krishna was a male.
4) A triangle is an equi angular if and only if it is equivalateral.
5) Saint lovis was not proud.
 IDENTIFY THE KIND OF PROPOSITION & REPRESENT IT
FORM WITH SYMBOL
6) Lata is not both a good singer & a good actress
7) The question is easy but not the answer.
8) Neither sony nor Samsung is an Indian company.
9) It is not the case that Jawaharlal Nehru either a scientist or a
saint.
10) In case an Australian is found of reading, he has to hide that
weakness.
11) Unless he has good practice, he will lose the race.
12) If the light does not come on, that either the fuse is blown out or
something is wrong with bulb.
13) It is false that if an only if ranjeet is a great musician he will be a
great singer.
14) It is false that if a traib is nomadic, it builds permanent shelters.
15) Either monkey do not sing or tiger do not dance.
16) The standard of living will go up if and only if real income increases
17) In case the ice is thin we will not state.
18) History does not repeat itself.
19) Unless a soldier is wounded he will not be relieved from war
duty.
20) If and only if he score a double century his side will win the match.
21) It is true both that doctor khurana is an india and has seceded in
gene synthesis.
22) It is false that charchile was a journalist but not a prime minister of
England.
23) It is not true that man has wings as well as the tale.
24) It is not the case that either air is a good conductor of heat or water is
a good conductor of heat
25) Either the barrow meter is not falling or their will be a strome.
26) If an only if he has influence as well as ability he will get the job.
27) No were is degrading unless it becomes so in the mind of the
worker
28) A man can guard against he enemies but never against his
friend
29) Neither sumit nor sangita can dance to this tune.
30) It is false to say that lapance was a great astronomer
31) If hitler was insane, that either he was not a jew or he was put in a
mental hospital.
32) It is not the case that india is both a democracy & not a
democracy.
33) Fire workers of india walk on live coal, but they do not get
burnt.
34) Jawaharlal Nehru was not a communist nor was he a communal
minded person.
35) Gandhiji was not a handsome men, but he look good on a five
hundred Rs. Note.
36) It is false that if a person not have kidney problem then his skin color
will change.
37) He is cleaver & he is either rich or lucky.
38) It is false that if an only if a person is rich, he is honoured.
39) If a whale is not a fish, then it is a mammal and is warm
blooded.

CONVERT THE FOLLOWING PROPOSITION INTO ITS

LOGICAL FORM & WRITE ITS OPPOSITION

1) Not all question have simple answers.

2) All difficult books are profound
3) Any society can work toward democratic
4) Hardly any person likes to renounce their world.
5) William lillact predicated the great fire of London.
6) No over populated country can be prosperous.
7) All beggars are useless.
8) Many vegetarian enjoy good health.
9) No lady gossips.

IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING MODERN DEFINITION

1) Look at the following painting

2) Between the devil and the deep sea means to ne caught between two
difficulties.
3) According to Humes “causation is nothing more then invariable
sequence.
4) Flower means roses, lilly, lotus, etc.
5) Man is a social animal.
6) A pallot means a board on which a artist mixes its colour.

IDENTIFY THE FALLACY

1) Money is the honey of life

2) Taxies are means of transport

3) Hue means color

4) Solid means not in form of gas or liquid
5) Men is rational animal who has studied logic.
6) A judge is one who performs the functions of a judge.

IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING COMPOUND PROPOSITION

AND CONSTRUCT THE TRUTH TABLE FOR IT :

“in case there is an earth quake , there will be destruction”

CONSTRUCT A TRUTH TABLE FOR THE FOLLOWING

PROPOSITION, AND STATE ITS KIND :
 “If and only if you have merit, you will get admission”

Reduce following sentences to logical form and identify and name

disturbed term or terms, giving reasons:-
1. Birds fly. (April 10)
2. Few patients are courageous. (Oct 11)
3. Many dreams turn into realities (Oct 11)
4. Monkeys have a tail (Oct 11)
5. Never is a man perfect. (April 10)
6. Not all your wishes will be fulfilled.(April 10)

Answer the following questions, reducing sentences to logical form

wherever required:-
(i) What is the sub alternate of “Natural calamities can never be controlled by
man”? (Oct 11)
(ii) What is the contradictory of “India lost the match against South
Africa”? (Oct 11)
(iii) What inference by converse relation can be drawn from “Deepak is junior
to Dilip”? (Oct 11)
(iv) What is the Material Obversion of “Metals expand when heated”? (Oct 11)
Reduce the following to logic form and identify and name the distributed
term or terms, giving reasons
i) Never is a man perfect. (April 10)
ii) Not all your wishes will be fulfilled. (April 10)
iii) Birds fly. (April 10)

Identify and construct a truth table for the following propositions:

(i) If today is Sunday, college is closed. (May 09)
(ii) The guests enjoyed the party and they left at night. (May 09)

State the logical form and the truth values of the following propositions
assuming the given
proposition to be false.
(i) The sub alternate of “All rich girls are beautiful” (May 09)
(ii) The contrary of “No elephants are tiny” (May 09)
(iii) The contradictory of “Some cases are complicated” (May 09)

Reduce the following statements to logical form and name the term that is
distributed:-
i) Any son is younger than his father (May 11)
II) Roses are always pink
III) Some people cannot climb Mount Everest.

Indentify the following proposition and construct a truth table for it.
He is both a singer as well as a dancer.

Indentify and symbolize the following simple proposition as per modern

logicians:-
1) A rose is fragrant
2) Lokamanya Tilak was a freedom fighter.
3) The book is under the table.

Point out the relation of the second proposition to the first proposition in
the following pairs of propositions :
i) Some physicists are mathematicians.
All mathematicians are physicists.
ii) All criminals are to be punished
Some criminals are not be punished .
iii) Some students are lazy
Some students are not lazy
iv) No saints are pious.
All saints are pious .
v) China is not a democratic country.
China is democratic country .
Vi) Some vegetarians are those who enjoy good health.
No vegetarian are those who enjoy good health.

Reduce the following sentences to logical form and indentify and name the
terms distributed 6
i) Not always Brain and beauty found together .
II) None of the Pigs are intelligent .
III) Many big cities have sky scrapers.

Do as directed: 3
1) State the material obverse relation of
“ Men are strong . “
2) What is inference by converse relation of
„ X is younger than Y‟
3) What is the observe of
„Some eggs are rotten „

Point out the relation of second proposition to the first proposition 4

In the following pairs of proposition :-
1) No Britishers are Arabs.
Some Britishers are not Arabs.
2) Some flowers are fragrant
Some flowers are not Fragrant.
3) All tigers are ferocious
No tigers are ferocious
4) No riots are desirable
Some riots are desirable.

Identical the kind of simple or compound proposition and represent its

symbolic form:-
(i) Churchill was not a journalist, but the Prime Minister of England. (Oct 11)
(ii) Neither x nor y can play cricket. (Oct 11)
(iii) This sheet of ice is thin. (Oct 11)
(iv) An honest man hates corruption. (Oct 11)
(v) Picasso was a painter. (Oct 11)
(vi) If and only if he influence, he will get the job. (Oct 11)

Give the contrary of „All rabbits are very fast runners‟.

State the sub alternate and contradictory of „No television stars are
chartered accountants‟. (April 10)

If „some toys are not suitable for little children‟ is true, then give its
relation to and truth of „some toys are suitable for little children. (April 10)

Reduce the sentence to logical form and state its obverse and converse
“Every equilateral triangle is an equiangular triangle. (April 10)
Reduce the following sentence to logical form and draw the square of
opposition in relation to it and write down each of the relations in proper
logical form.‟ Several judges resigned in protest‟.

State whether are True or False, giving the following statements reasons:-
(May 09)
(i) “Animals into those which live on land and those which live in water” is an
example of too wide division.
(ii) The division of sewing machine into needle, wheel, belt, bobbin, is an
example of verbal division.
(iii) The division of Hindus into rich, poor, tall, and short is too wide definition.
(iv) “Planet means Jupiter, Mars, Venus, Pluto” is a biverbal definition.
(v) “Agony means pain” is an example of a stipulative definition.
(vi) “That chairs broken” is an example of an ostensive definition.

f) Identify the following modern definitions:- 6

i) Look at the beautiful painting
ii) “ Between the devil and the deep sea “ means “ to be caught between two
difficulties.”
iii) According to home “ Causation is nothing more than invariable sequence. “
iv) Flowers means roses, lilies, astors, lotuses etc.
v) Man is national animal.
vi) A palette means a board on which an artist mixes his colors .
Identify fallacies of per genus at differentitiam definitions in following
examples:- 6
i) Money is the honey of life
ii) Taxies are means of transport
iii) Man is rational animal who has studied logic
iv) Hue means colour
v) Solid means not in form of gas or liquid.
vi) A judge is one who performs the functions of a judge.

Indentify the fallacies involved in the following definitions ; giving

reasons : 6
1) A bachelor is a young unmarried male.
2) A lecturer who has tongue in your ear and faith in your patience.
3) Music is food for soul.
ii) Indentify the fallacies of logical division, in the following given reasons : 6
1) Sportsmen into cricketers, hockey-players, foot-ballers and chess-players.
2) Cars into sports cars, expensive cars and small cars.

3) Doctors into allopathic and Ayurvedic.