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APPSC – PYQS WITH EXPLANATION
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APPSC GROUP 2 PREMILS PAPER 2 - 2019

1. Which State in India is set to establish India's first Justice City'?

A. Assam
B. Andra Pradesh
C. Uttar Pradesh
D. Madhya Pradesh

CORRECT ANSWER: B

Andhra Pradesh: Land of Legal Excellence

Pioneering "Justice City"

Andhra Pradesh takes the lead in legal innovation by becoming the first state in the
nation to establish India's inaugural 'Justice City.
‘This visionary initiative positions the state capital, Amaravati, as the premier city in
India dedicated to the pursuit of justice and legal excellence.

2. Who propounded the concept of 'Soft Power' in International Relations?

A. James Tully
B. Joseph Nye
C. Judith Pamela Butler
D. Samuel P. Huntington

The correct answer is B: Joseph Nye.

Joseph Nye: The Father of Soft Power

Pioneering 'Soft Power' in International Relations

 Concept Originator: Joseph Nye

 Key Roles: Former United States Assistant Secretary of Defense for International
Security Affairs, Co-founder of Neoliberalism theory with Robert Keohane

 Seminal Work: "Power and Interdependence" (1977)

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Joseph Nye, a prominent figure in international relations, is credited with
introducing the groundbreaking concept of 'Soft Power.
' This idea revolutionized the way nations influence the behavior of others to achieve
their objectives.
Nye's legacy extends beyond this concept, as he also served as the former United
States Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs and co-
founded the influential neoliberalism theory with Robert Keohane, with their
ideas culminating in the 1977 book "Power and Interdependence.
" The concept of 'Soft Power' was introduced by Joseph Nye in the 1980s.

Notable Figures in the Field

 James Hamilton Tully: A distinguished Canadian philosopher and emeritus of


political science.

 Judith Pamela Butler: Renowned American philosopher and gender theorist.

 Samuel Phillips Huntington: An influential American political scientist, adviser, and


academic.

3. Excise duty is levied on which of the following?

A. Export of goods
B. Import of goods
C. Sale of goods
D. Production of goods

The correct answer is D: Production of goods

Excise Duties: The Central Government's Revenue Backbone

Commodity Tax on Production

 Nature: Imposed on the production of goods, unrelated to their sale.

 Key Revenue Source: Largest contributor to the Central Government's income.

 Scope: With the exception of liquor, opium, and certain drugs, excise duties apply to
the production of most items.

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Corporate Tax: Taxing Companies and Corporations

Uniform Rates with Varied Rebates

 Applicability: Imposed on registered companies and corporations.

 Rate: Consistent corporate tax rate for all companies.

 Flexibility: Offers various rebates and exemptions to eligible entities.

Goods and Services Tax (GST): Streamlining Taxation

Value-Added Tax System

 Overview: A value-added tax applied to the majority of goods and services for
domestic consumption.

 Division: Central GST (CGST) by the Centre, State GST (SGST) by States, and
Integrated Goods & Services Tax (IGST) for interstate supplies.

 Slabs: Levied at four different rate slabs - 5%, 12%, 18%, and 28%.

4. According to a World Bank Report, India has recently surpassed France to become
the economy in the world.

A. Third
B. Fourth
C. Fifth
D. Sixth

The correct answer is C : Fifth.

India Rises in Global Economic Ranking

Surpassing France and UK

 World Bank Report: Recently, India achieved the status of the fifth-largest economy
worldwide, overtaking both France and the United Kingdom.

Global Economic Rankings

Top Ten Economies

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 The leading economies on the global stage, in order, are the United States, China,
Japan, Germany, India, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Brazil, and Canada.

About the World Bank

Financial Support for Low and Middle-Income Nations

 Mission: The World Bank is an international financial institution dedicated to


providing loans and grants to governments of low and middle-income countries for
the purpose of funding capital projects.

 Foundation: Established in July 1944.

 Headquarters: Based in Washington, D.C., United States.

5. Where is the 'International Tsunami Information Centre' located ?

A. Honolulu
B. Pondicherry
C. Jakarta
D. Fiji Islands

The correct answer is A: Honolulu.

International Tsunami Information Centre: Hub for Tsunami Monitoring

Location and Establishment

 Location: Situated in Honolulu, Hawaii.

 Inception: Founded in November 1965 under the auspices of the Intergovernmental


Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

Tsunamis: Seismic Ocean Phenomena

Origins and World Tsunami Day

 Cause: Tsunamis, also known as seismic waves, are generated by undersea


earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.

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 Commemoration: World Tsunami Day is celebrated on November 5, dedicated to
raising awareness about tsunami risk and preparedness.

Hawaii: Pacific Paradise in the Western U.S.

Geographic Location

 Position: Hawaii is a U.S. state situated in the Pacific Ocean, approximately 2,000
miles away from the mainland United States

APPSC GROUP 1 PREMILS - 2018

1. Vijnanesvara wrote Mitakshara at the court of the Chalukya emperor Vikramaditya


VI. It was

A. A commentary on the law book of Yajnavalkya


B. Treatise on inheritance
C. Law of primogeniture
D. Family feuds

The correct answer is option 1.

EXPLANATION:

Vijnaneshwara's Mitakshara: A Legal Commentary on Yagnavalkya Smriti

Vijnaneshwara, a renowned jurist of twelfth-century India, authored the Mitakshara, a


significant legal commentary that delves into the intricacies of Hindu family law.
This commentary was specifically crafted as an interpretation of the Yagnavalkya
Smriti, providing invaluable insights into the principles of inheritance.

Key Concepts in Mitakshara

The Mitakshara is most prominently recognized for its theory of "inheritance by birth.
" In this legal framework, the inheritance of property is deeply connected to one's
status as a coparcener within the family.

Inheritance by Birth

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According to Mitakshara law, when a coparcener passes away, their share of the
property automatically merges with that of the surviving coparceners.
This concept ensures that sons inherit property based solely on their status as
coparceners, emphasizing the significance of family and lineage in Hindu inheritance
practices.

2. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

(Traveller) (Reigning Ruler)

(1) Megasthenes Chandragupta Maurya

(2) Fa-Hsien ChandraguptaIl

(3) Hsuan-Tsang Harsha

(4) 1-Tsing (Yijing) Ashoka

A. (2)
B. (3)
C. (1)
D. (4)

The correct answer is (4)

Megasthenes: The Greek Ambassador to Chandragupta Maurya

Megasthenes, serving as a Greek ambassador for Seleucus I Nicator, held a pivotal


role in diplomatic relations between the Hellenistic world and the Indian subcontinent.
He was entrusted with the significant mission of representing Seleucus I at the court
of King Chandragupta Maurya.

Fa-Hien: The Chinese Pilgrim's Religious Voyage

Fa-Hien, a Chinese pilgrim, embarked on a remarkable religious mission during the


reign of Chandragupta II.
His journey took him from China to India, which he traversed by foot, and he returned
via a sea route.

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His accounts provide valuable insights into the religious and cultural landscape of
ancient India.

Hiuen Tsang: The Overland Odyssey to India

Hiuen Tsang, also known as Xuanzang, was a Chinese Buddhist monk who undertook
an epic overland journey from China to India.
His travels occurred during the reign of King Harsha Vardhan and were motivated by
his quest to obtain Buddhist scriptures.
Hiuen Tsang's observations and writings are indispensable for understanding the
historical context of his time.

I-tsing: The Tang-Era Monk and Traveler

I-tsing, or Yijing, a prominent Tang-era Chinese Buddhist monk, achieved fame for
his travels and translation work.
His written accounts of his journeys offer crucial historical insights into the medieval
kingdoms situated along the sea route connecting China and India. Notably, I-tsing's
records also shed light on the early Gupta ruler Srigupta, contributing to our
understanding of this ancient dynasty.

3. Which of the following pairs of temples and places is not correctly matched?

(Temple) (Place)

(1) Virupaksha temple Thiruvananthapuram

(2) Kandariya Mahadeva temple Khajuraho

(3) Lingaraja temple Bhubaneswar

(4) Mahabodhi temple Bodh Gaya

A. (1)
B. (2)
C. (3)
D. (4)

The correct answer is option 1,

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Virupaksha Temple in Hampi: A Sacred Vijayanagara Landmark

The Virupaksha Temple, nestled in the historic town of Hampi within the
Vijayanagara district of Karnataka, India, stands as a testament to devotion and
architectural grandeur.
This ancient temple is a tribute to Lord Virupaksha, a revered form of Shiva, and has
earned the prestigious status of a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986.

Kandariya Mahadeva Temple in Khajuraho: The Ornate Marvel

The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, often referred to as "the Great God of the Cave,"
graces the medieval temple complex of Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh, India.
It boasts the distinction of being the largest and most ornate Hindu temple in the area,
reflecting the architectural prowess of the Chandela dynasty.
UNESCO recognized its significance by declaring it a World Heritage Site in 1986.

Lingaraja Temple in Bhubaneswar: A Timeless Tribute to Lord Shiva

The Lingaraja Temple in Bhubaneswar, the capital of Odisha, India, stands as an


enduring symbol of devotion to Lord Shiva.
It is not only one of the oldest temples in the region but also a remarkable
architectural and religious marvel.
This sacred edifice was commissioned by the Kings of the Somavamsi dynasty.

Mahabodhi Temple in Bodh Gaya: Where Enlightenment Blooms

The Mahabodhi Temple, situated in Bodh Gaya within the northeastern Indian state of
Bihar, holds a special place in Buddhism as the site of the Buddha's Enlightenment
(Bodhi).
This revered place has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since June
2002, cementing its status as one of the holiest destinations in the Buddhist world

4. Identify the Sultan of Delhi who prohibited drinking of alcohol, introduced market
control policy and inflicted severe punishment to rapists.

A. Sultan Qutbuddin
B. Sultan Iltumish
C. Sultan Aladdin Khalji

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D. Sultan Firuz Tughlag

The correct answer is Sultan Aladdin Khalji.

Aladdin Khilji's Reforms and Policies

Aladdin Khilji, a notable ruler of the Khilji dynasty, embarked on a series of


significant reforms and policies to strengthen his administration and consolidate his
kingdom.
These initiatives ranged from curtailing the influence of religious leaders to enhancing
administrative efficiency.

Securing Administrative Authority

1. Supremacy of Sultan's Will: Aladdin Khilji firmly established the Sultan's will as
the ultimate law of the land, asserting his authority over the kingdom's governance.

2. Regulating Society and Aristocracy 2. Ban on Public Alcohol Consumption: To


maintain social order and discipline, he implemented a ban on open alcohol
consumption within his kingdom.

3. Controlled Aristocratic Relationships: Aladdin made it mandatory for aristocrats to


seek the Sultan's permission before forming relationships, thus curbing audacious
behavior among the nobility.

4. Confiscation of Endowments: He ordered the confiscation of endowments and land


grants made by the state, thereby streamlining the administration of resources.

5. Market Control Policy: Aladdin introduced a market control policy to regulate trade
and commerce within his realm, promoting economic stability.

6. Administration and Governance 6. Efficient Administrative Staff: To enhance the


efficiency of his administration, Aladdin appointed capable and agile staff members
who played vital roles in governance.

7. Combatting Crimes and Punishment: He enforced strict punishment for crimes


such as rape, ensuring the safety and security of his subjects.

8. Introduction of Iktadar System: To manage remote regions, Aladdin invested


power in officers known as Iktadar or Makati, granting them the authority to collect

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taxes, maintain law and order, and oversee the military. The lands under their control
were referred to as 'Ikta.'

9. Anti-Corruption Measures: In the military, he introduced the dag (marking horses)


and chehra (documenting physical descriptions of soldiers) as measures to combat
corruption and ensure discipline among the armed forces.

5. Point out from the following sufis, who is from the Chishti Sufi Silsilah?

A. Shaikh Gesudaraz
B. Shaikh Nuruddin Rishi
C. Shaikh Bahauddin Zakariya
D. Shaikh Sadruddin Arif

Solution

The correct answer is Shaikh Gesudaraz

Chishti Silsilah: The Path of Sufi Mysticism

Origins of Chishti Silsilah

1. Inception in Christ, Afghanistan: The Chishti Silsilah, a prominent Sufi order,


originated in Christ, a small village near Herat in Afghanistan, around 930 AD.
Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti played a pivotal role in its establishment.

2. Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti in India: Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti, renowned for his
piety and compassion, introduced the Chishti order in India in 1143-1223 AD. He
founded his khangah in Ajmer, primarily to assist the underprivileged members of
society.

3. Notable Figures of Chishti Silsilah 3. Gesudaraz: Promoter of Harmony:


Gesudaraz, also known as Khwaja Bande Nawaz Gesu Daraz, was a Sufi mystic
belonging to the Chishti order. He emphasized understanding, tolerance, and religious
harmony. He was a disciple of Shaikh Nasiruddin and later succeeded him as the
spiritual leader.

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4. Khwaja Nizamuddin Auliya: In the late 13th century, Khwaja Nizamuddin Auliya
emerged as the most prominent Sufi cleric in India. His Dargah in Delhi remains a
revered spiritual site.

5. Spread of Chishti Sufism Across India 5. Expansion Across India: During the
Tughlaq regime, as Islamic rule extended to new regions, the Sufi Sheikhs associated
with the Chishti order began to migrate from Delhi and propagate Sufism throughout
India. Their teachings and practices left a lasting impact on the spiritual landscape of
the subcontinent.
6. Other Sufi Silsilahs 6. Suhrawardi Silsilah: Shaikh Bahauddin Zakaria was a
notable Sufi from the Suhrawardiyya order.

7. Rishi Silsilah in Kashmir: Sheikh Nuruddin founded the Rishi Silsilah in Kashmir,
garnering praise as a respected group by chroniclers of the period, such as Abul Fazl.

APPSC GROUP 4 PREMILS - 2012

1. High courts were established at Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1865 during the
time of

A. Lord Lawerence
B. Lord canning
C. Lord mayo
D. Lord Ripon

Solution

The correct answer is Lord Lawerence.

Establishment of High Courts in India

The Indian High Court Act of 1861

In 1865, during the tenure of Lord John Lawrence as the Viceroy of India, significant
developments took place in the Indian legal system.

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The Indian High Court Act of 1861 granted the Queen of England the authority to
issue letters patent for the establishment of High Courts in Calcutta, Madras, and
Bombay.
This pivotal legislation aimed to merge the jurisdiction and powers of the Supreme
Courts and Sadar Adalats in these three Presidencies into the newly established High
Courts.

Charter of High Courts

The Charter of the High Court of Calcutta was issued on May 14, 1862, while the
Charters for the High Courts of Madras and Bombay were issued on June 26, 1862.
These charters laid the foundation for the functioning and authority of these High
Courts.

Notable Viceroys

During this period of legal reform, several notable Viceroys of India played key roles:

1. Lord Canning was the first Viceroy of India, serving from 1858 to 1864. His tenure
marked the change in the official title from Governor-General of India to Viceroy of
India, reflecting a shift in British India's governance.

2. Lord John Lawrence served as Viceroy from 1864 to 1869 and oversaw the
establishment of the High Courts in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras in 1865.

3. Lord Mayo followed as Viceroy from 1869 to 1872, contributing to India's


governance during this period.

4. Lord Ripon assumed the role of Viceroy of India from 1880 to 1884, bringing his
own significant contributions to British India's administration.

5. Finally, Lord Mountbatten held the position of the last Viceroy of India. His tenure
witnessed a historic milestone as India gained independence during his time, leading
to the end of British colonial rule in India.

2. First session of Indian National Congress was held at

A. Bombay
B. Surat

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C. Calcutta
D. Jaipur

Solution

The correct answer is Bombay.

The Inaugural Session of the Indian National Congress

Formation and Leadership

The inaugural session of the Indian National Congress, a pivotal moment in India's
political history, was convened in Bombay.
Established on December 28, 1885, the Indian National Congress had its roots in a
gathering of 72 social reformers, journalists, and lawyers at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit
College in Bombay.
V Originally named the Indian National Union, the conference was soon
rechristened as the Indian National Congress.

The Congress was founded by A.O. Hume, and its first session was presided over by W.C.
Banerjee.

Quest for Independence

From its inception, the Indian National Congress played a central role in India's
struggle for independence against British colonial rule.
The Congress became the principal driving force behind the movement for self-rule,
shaping the course of India's path to freedom.

3. Indian National Congress was split into two groups in

A. 1907
B. 1908
C. 1909
D. 1910

Solution

The correct answer is 1907.

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The Surat Split of 1907

Moderates and Extremists in the Indian National Congress

From 1885 to 1905, the Indian National Congress was characterized by a period
dominated by the Moderates.
These leaders within the Congress followed a strategy of using peaceful means, such
as petitions, prayers, meetings, leaflets, pamphlets, memoranda, and delegations, to
convey their demands to the British government.

Rising Dissatisfaction and Emergence of Extremists

Over time, dissatisfaction grew among the populace due to the perceived lack of
concrete achievements by the Moderates.
In response to this, a faction of Congress members, known as the Extremists,
emerged.
They advocated a more confrontational approach, including non-cooperation and even
violent resistance against British colonial rule, believing that peaceful methods had
not yielded sufficient results.

The 1907 Surat Session

In the 1907 Surat session of the Indian National Congress, the Extremists were led by
prominent figures like Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Bipin Chandra Pal,
collectively referred to as "Lal Bal Pal.
“On the other hand, the Moderates continued to be led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

Chaos and Split

Rash Bihari Ghosh was initially elected as the session's president but faced opposition
from the Extremists.
Despite initial discord, they later accepted his presidency.
However, the differences between the two factions became irreconcilable, leading to
the suspension of the session.
This historic event is known as the "Surat Split" in Indian history.

Reunion and Lucknow Session

In 1916, the Moderates and Extremists reunited within the Indian National Congress
during the Lucknow session.

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A.C. Majmudar presided over this session, marking a significant moment of
reconciliation and collaboration within the Congress.

4. Which Dynasty was founded by Pushyamitra?

A. Janva
B. Sunga
C. Chola
D. Chera

The correct answer is B : Sunga.

The Rise of the Sunga Dynasty and Pushyamitra

Establishment of the Sunga Dynasty

Around 185 B.C., Pushyamitra, a Brahman, founded the Sunga dynasty in India.
This marked the transition from the Mauryan dynasty, established by Chandragupta
Maurya, to the new rule under Pushyamitra and the Sunga dynasty.

Assassination of Brihadratha and Assumption of Power

Pushyamitra's rise to power was notable for his assassination of Brihadratha, the last
Mauryan ruler.
This assassination took place during a military parade, allowing Pushyamitra to seize
the throne and establish the Sunga dynasty in place of the declining Mauryan dynasty.

Sunga Dynasty's Territories

Pushyamitra's rule extended over several key cities, including Pataliputra, Ayodhya,
Vidisha, and possibly Jalandhara and Shakala.

Succession and Uncertainty

Pushyamitra was succeeded by Agnimitra, but the history of the Shunga dynasty
following Pushyamitra remains largely uncertain, with limited historical records
available.

The Chola Empire and Its Formation

The Chola Empire, a significant South Indian dynasty, was founded by Vijayalaya.

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He assumed control of the Tanjore kingdom in the 9th century, and his conquests led
to the rise of the powerful Cholas, including the defeat of the Pallavas.

Chola Empire's Reign and Duration

The Cholas' reign endured for over five centuries, extending from their victory over
the Pallavas in the 9th century and persisting until the 13th century.
This lengthy rule marked a significant period in South Indian history.

Founding of the Chera Dynasty and the Chera Kingdom

The Chera dynasty was founded by Uthiyan Cheralathan, also known as


Vanavaramban.
The Cheras were often referred to as 'Keralaputras' in historical accounts.
Their kingdom was situated in a narrow strip of land between the sea and the
mountains of the Konkan range.

These historical developments, including the rise of the Sunga and Chola dynasties and the
founding of the Chera dynasty, played crucial roles in shaping the cultural and political
landscape of ancient India.

5. Capital of Pallavas was

A. Tanjore
B. Kanchi
C. Salem
D. Madurai

The correct answer B: Kanchi

The Pallavas: Capital at Kanchi/Kanchipuram

Pallavas: Emperors of the Dravidian Land

The Pallavas, who ruled from their capital at Kanchi or Kanchipuram, were prominent
emperors of the Dravidian region.
Their rapid adoption of Tamil customs and practices marked their cultural identity.

Simhavishnu: Founder and Reviver

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Simhavishnu is acknowledged as the founder of the Pallava dynasty.
While earlier Pallava kings had ruled from the 4th century, it was Simhavishnu who
revitalized the dynasty.

Mahendravarman I: Poet and Warrior

Mahendravarman I, son of Simhavishnu, ruled from 600 AD to 630 AD. He was not
only a skilled warrior but also a great poet, renowned for his compositions, including
"Vichitrachita" and "Mahavilasa Prahasana.
" His life ended in battle against the Chalukyas.

Narasimhavarman I: The Greatest Pallava Ruler

Narasimhavarman I succeeded Mahendravarman I and ruled from 630 AD to 668 AD.


He is regarded as the greatest Pallava ruler, known for sending a naval expedition to
Sri Lanka and reinstating the Sinhalese Prince Manivarma.
He also founded the city of Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram), named after him.
In a significant military victory, he defeated and killed Pulakesin II, the Chalukya
King, in 642 AD, capturing the Chalukyan capital, Vatapi, and adopting the title
"Vatapikonda."

Visitors and Extent of the Pallava Kingdom

The Pallava kingdom attracted the attention of travelers, including the famous
Chinese pilgrim Hiuen Tsang, who visited the region during Narasimhavarman I's
reign around 640 AD.
Hiuen Tsang described the people of the Pallava kingdom as content and happy.
The Pallava territories extended from the northern part of Andhra Pradesh to the
Kaveri River in the South.

The End of the Pallavas

The Pallava dynasty reached its end with Aparajitavarman, the last Pallava ruler, who
was killed in battle with the Cholas.
This marked the conclusion of a significant era in South Indian history.

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