So we start with the description that the angle between two vectors can be acute or straight.

If cosine
theeta is equal to 1,then both vectors have the same direction.If cosine theeta is equal to zero,then the
vectors,when placed in standard position it forms a right angle.We can formalize that this result into a
theorem regarding orthogonal/perpendicular vectors.

So we can say that vectors are orthogonal if their dot product is zero. This means they form a right angle
with each other.

Let’s begin this example by modeling these two perpendicular vectors, vector 𝐀 and 𝐁. Because we’re
told that these two vectors are perpendicular, then that means that we know that the angle between
them is 90 degrees. And so what exactly is the vector 𝐀 dot vector 𝐁? Well, that’s the dot product. The
dot product of two vectors tells us what amount of one vector goes in the direction of another. The dot
product of two vectors 𝐀 and 𝐁 is defined as the magnitude of vector 𝐀 times the magnitude of vector 𝐁
times the cos of (teta)𝜃, where(theeta) 𝜃 is the angle formed between vector 𝐀 and vector 𝐁.

In the case of these two perpendiculars, vector 𝐀 and vector 𝐁, we know that the angle between the
vectors is 90 degrees. Although we don’t know the magnitude of vector 𝐀 and vector 𝐁, we can say
something about the cos of 90 degrees. We should remember that the cos of 90 degrees is zero. And so
we can say that the dot product of vector 𝐀 and 𝐁 is zero. In fact, this is a general definition that we
should learn and use. Two vectors 𝐀 and 𝐁 are perpendicular if and only if their dot product is equal to
zero, that is, vector 𝐀 dot vector 𝐁 is equal to zero.

The converse of this statement is also true:If we have two non-zero vectors A and B and we find that
their scalar product is zero,it follows that these vectors must be perpendicular.