Water Quality For Green Sand :

TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) in Tempered Water

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) or salts dissolved in water. Which are the salts of
Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium Carbonate, Sulfates, chlorides,
nitrates, & silicates typically make up most of the dissolved solids in water.

Na⁺ ions are maintained in bentonite by activation with sodium carbonate

electrolyte dissolved in water.

When ground water TDS is more than 500 ppm, and if cations like Mg⁺⁺, Ca⁺⁺
are more then during green sand preparation the available sodium ions (Na⁺)
replaces with other cations like Mg⁺⁺, Ca⁺⁺ and it result into poor properties like
swelling capacity, gelling time, WTS and GCS.

The effect of high TDS is result in to increase the consumption of bentonite to

maintain the desired strength values in the green sand mixture.

In foundry if the water source having TDS more than 500 ppm it is
recommended to use softeners to reduce the TDS below 500 ppm to control
the addition of bentonite in green sand preparation to get the desired values
of strength properties.

The recommended TDS of water used for green sand preparation preferably
less than 500 ppm.