Test Bank for Microeconomics A Modern Approach, 1st Edition

Test Bank for Microeconomics A

Modern Approach, 1st Edition
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 • ISBN-10 : 9780393919677
• ISBN-13 : 978-0393919677
Table contents:
1. The Market
Constructing a Model
Optimization and Equilibrium
The Demand Curve
The Supply Curve
Market Equilibrium
Comparative Statics
Other Ways to Allocate Apartments
The Discriminating Monopolist
The Ordinary Monopolist
Rent Control
Which Way Is Best?
Pareto Efficiency
Comparing Ways to Allocate Apartments
Equilibrium in the Long Run
Summary
Review Questions
2. Budget Constraint
The Budget Constraint
Two Goods Are Often Enough
Properties of the Budget Set
How the Budget Line Changes
The Numeraire
Taxes, Subsidies, and Rationing
Example: The Food Stamp Program
Budget Line Changes
Summary
Review Questions
3. Preferences
Consumer Preferences
Assumptions about Preferences
Indifference Curves
Examples of Preferences
Perfect Substitutes
Perfect Complements
Bads
Neutrals
Satiation
Discrete Goods
Well-Behaved Preferences
The Marginal Rate of Substitution
Other Interpretations of the MRS
Behavior of the MRS
Summary
Review Questions
4. Utility
Cardinal Utility
Constructing a Utility Function
Some Examples of Utility Functions
Example: Indifference Curves from Utility
Perfect Substitutes
Perfect Complements
Quasilinear Preferences
Cobb-Douglas Preferences
Marginal Utility
Marginal Utility and MRS
Example: Cobb-Douglas Preferences
Utility for Commuting
Summary
Review Questions
5. Choice
Optimal Choice
Consumer Demand
Some Examples
Perfect Substitutes
Perfect Complements
Neutrals and Bads
Discrete Goods
Concave Preferences
Solving the Preference Maximization Problem
Cobb-Douglas Preferences
Estimating Utility Functions
Implications of the MRS Condition
Choosing Taxes
Summary
Review Questions
6. Demand
Normal and Inferior Goods
Income Offer Curves and Engel Curves
Some Examples
Perfect Substitutes
Perfect Complements
Cobb-Douglas Preferences
Homothetic Preferences
Quasilinear Preferences
Ordinary Goods and Giffen Goods
The Price Offer Curve and the Demand Curve
Some Examples
Perfect Substitutes
Perfect Complements
A Discrete Good
Substitutes and Complements
The Inverse Demand Function
Summary
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 MOST IMPORTANT INVENTION.
THE PATENT STUCCO PAINT CEMENT.—This truly valuable
preparation, the satisfactory result of a long series of experiments,
after having been subjected to the most rigid tests, is now offered
with confidence to the public, as possessing the following
extraordinary qualities, which must at once insure for it a preference
over any Cement yet manufactured.
Architects, Engineers, Contractors, Builders, Masons, Plasterers,
and the Trade are referred to the undermentioned properties of this
valuable discovery, which is secured by Patent to its Inventors and
Proprietors.
1. Its strong adhesive properties, fixing most tenaciously to the
smoothest surfaces, even to glass.
2. Its being highly repellent of water, and thoroughly impervious to
wet or damp.
3. The chemical peculiarity of its composition does not admit of the
possibility of its vegetating, and thereby becoming discoloured.
4. The safe and gradual rapidity with which it dries; hardening the
more by the greater exposure to the atmosphere.
5. Its perfect freedom from any of the caustic qualities of Lime
Stuccoes; and consequently,
6. It may be painted upon as soon as dry, a property possessed by
no other Cement whatever.
7. It is not in the slightest degree affected by frost.
8. It may be kept in the cask as delivered from the Manufactory for
any length of time without deterioration, not requiring to be used (as
other Cements are) immediately after being manufactured. To
Merchants, therefore, and Exporters, even to the remotest parts of
the globe, this Cement will form a most important item of commerce.
 9. To Engineers and Conductors of Public Works, the use of this
Cement is strongly recommended in lieu of mortar, particularly in the
construction of Railway Arches and Tunnelling; its peculiarly
tenacious property forming one hardened mass with the brick or
masonry, or with whatever material it may be used; and it will be
found particularly valuable in laying and pointing roofs, whether of
slate or tile, in the most exposed situations, rendering the whole roof
fixed and immoveable.
This Cement is sold in a fluid state, fit for its mixture with the sand,
at 14s. per cwt.: the proportions being one fourth-part of the fluid to
three-fourths of sand, thereby reducing the price of this Cement
considerably below that of any other yet offered to the public.
One coat of the Cement, so prepared, is sufficient to cover at once
a Brick Front, without any preparatory coat of lime, seven pounds of
the fluid Cement being consumed in covering the square yard; but
when laid on Lime Plaster, four pounds’ weight to the square yard
will be found enough.
Messrs. Johns and Co., of Plymouth (the Patentees), are now
prepared to execute orders to any extent; and beg to intimate that
they have appointed Messrs. Mann and Co., of No. 5, Maiden-lane,
Queen-street, London, as their Sole Agents, at whose Warehouse
any quantity may be procured, specimens may be seen, and every
information obtained, and to whom all communications are to be
addressed.
London, 5, Maiden-lane, Queen-street, Cheapside, May, 1842.

JAMES GRANT, GAS FITTER, No. 1, Vine-street, Tufton-Street,

Westminster, respectfully offers his services to his friends and the
public, to lay gas apparatus, of iron or metal, with every requisite for
lighting houses or apartments, &c., upon sound principles, which
insure safety and prevent smell or other inconvenience, upon
economical terms. Drawings and estimates furnished.
TO MASONS, SCULPTORS, BUILDERS, &c.—WYATT, PARKER,
and Co. beg to inform their friends and the public, that they have just
received from Italy some fine Blocks of Statuary, Veined, Dove,
Sienna, and other Marbles. Also a large quantity of Italian sawn
slabs or tables. To be seen at Albion Wharf, Holland-street, foot of
Blackfriars-bridge, Surrey.

TO ARTISTS, &c.—Wanted, a Gentleman with a taste for

Architectural Drawing, and of competent skill as a Draughtsman and
Colourist, who, in return for the facilities given him to acquire a
knowledge of Architecture, &c., would give his services, or at a
moderate remuneration in instruction. Address H., “Builder” Office.

TO ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, &c.—J. EVANS, Stove Grate

Manufacturer, 33, King William-street, London-bridge, respectfully
submits the following reduced prices for wholesale orders:—Best
elliptic stoves, 4½d. per inch; register stoves, 10d. per inch; Evans’s
improved patent self-acting kitchen ranges, with ovens and back
boilers, three feet, 4l. 14s. 6d.; three feet four inches, 5l. 15s. 6d.;
three feet eight inches, 6l. 6s.; four feet, 6l. 16s. 6d. Larger sizes,
with steam apparatus complete, from 20l. to 100l. and upwards. The
largest stock of ornamental drawing-room stoves, fenders, &c., in the
kingdom.

TO ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, AND OTHERS.

The advantages of JAMES FINDON’S Patent improvement to Water-
Closets are the great facility of acting, cleanliness, a durability, a
readiness of being connected to a pipe from a head of water, which
pipe may be used for any other purpose; the whole of the apparatus
being under the seat. Testimonials to be seen at the manufactory,
190½, High Holborn.
N.B. Iron Hopper Closet Basin glazed and trap complete, 1l. 5s.;
Long Iron Hopper Closet Basin glazed and trap complete, 1l. 7s.
TO ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, DECORATORS, &c.—A Gentleman
who has had considerable experience as a draughtsman and
designer in the Elizabethan style, as applicable to building,
decoration, and furniture, would be glad to meet with an engagement
where he would also make himself generally useful. Apply by letter,
prepaid, to A.B., “Builder” Office.
 MUSIC.
EIGHT-KEYED COCOA FLUTES, with MOSAIC GOLD or GERMAN
SILVER double spring-actioned keys, made on the principle of the
two most eminent Professors, NICHOLSON and RUDAL, price 2l.
15s. with Case, &c., complete.

FLOWERS OF MELODY; or the BEAUTIES of the OPERA and

CONCERT ROOM. Under this title are published, Songs, Airs,
Quadrilles, Waltzes, &c., arranged for the Flute or Violin; the
following are now ready, and may be had by order of any Book or
Music-seller, price Sixpence each:—Songs and Airs from the works
of Albert, Prince of Saxe Coburg Gotha—Beauties of Strauss, Book
I.—Lanner’s Waltzes, Book I.—Airs in the Tempest and Macbeth—
Songs and Airs in the Beggar’s Opera—Songs and Airs in Shiel’s
Opera of The Woodman.—John Limbird’s Music Warehouse, 143,
Strand.

MAINZER’S MUSICAL TIMES, and SINGING CIRCULAR, a

Fortnightly Journal, published the 1st and 15th of every month.
Price 2d.—Stamped Edition for the Country, 3d.

Annual Subscription 4s. 6d.

Six Months’ ditto 2 3
Stamped Edition 6s. 6d.
Ditto ditto 3 3

The “Musical Times” contains original Articles on the Art, in all its
branches, with Criticisms of important Works bearing upon it;
together with notices of the chief Musical Performances in London
and the Provinces. It especially advocates Popular Musical
Education. The rapidly increasing circulation of this Paper, in all parts
of the Kingdom, renders it an important advertising medium. A
composition of one of the celebrated old or modern masters is
presented Monthly to Subscribers (in advance) of Six Months. These
Compositions will consist of Organ Pieces, Madrigals, Glees, Songs,
&c.
Guaranteed Circulation 5,000 Copies.
Scale of Charges for Advertisements:—

Eight Lines and under 5s. 0d.

Every additional Line 0s. 6d.

For a series of insertions, a considerable reduction is made.

Office, 340, Strand; and may be ordered through all News Agents
and Booksellers.
The following Musical Compositions have already been presented to
the Subscribers.
With No. 2.—A Selection of Psalms and Hymns, arranged for one or
two treble voices and additional bass voice. By the Chevalier
Sigismund Neukomm. Part I.
With No. 4.—The Evening Song, for two voices; written for the family
circle. By C. H. Rinck.
With No. 6.—Psalms and Hymns. By the Chevalier Sigismund
Neukomm. Part II.
With No. 8.—Duet. By Alesandro Stradella; with Accompaniment by
G. Hogarth.
With No. 10.—Madrigal. “Turn Amarillis.” By Brewer, 1667.
With the Number for Jan. 1, 1813, will be presented a perfect Fac
Simile of the Original Manuscript of a celebrated Composition of
Mozart.
 COMPOSITION AND MUSICAL WORKS,
BY JOSEPH MAINZER.
SINGING FOR THE MILLION, Eighth Edition: A Practical Course of
Musical Instruction, adapted, from its pleasing simplicity and rapid
effect, to render Musical Reading and Singing familiar to all ages,
capacities, and conditions. Stitched, 1s. 6d.; in cloth, 2s.
SINGING FOR THE MILLION, Second Part; containing numerous
Exercises in Imitations, Figures, and Canons of Jaunaconi, Fuchs,
Albrechtsberger, Hiller, Kittel; Gebhardi, Rinck, and Mainzer,
stitched, 2s. 6d.
MAINZER’S CHORUSES.—2d. each.
PART I.

1 Praise.
2 Psalm CVII.
3 The Cuckoo.
4 The Village Chimes.
5 Independence.
6 The Traveller.
7 God is everywhere.
8 Temperance.

PART II.

9 Invitation to a Redbreast.
10 Call to Prayer.
11 Stanzas to my Child.
12 Infant’s Prayer.
13 Blowing Bubbles.
14 Super Flumina Babylonis.
 15 Prayer.
16 Shepherd Boy.

PART III.

17 The Sea.
18 Contentment.
19 Fraternity.
20 Night Song.
21 Consolation.
22 Hymn.
23 The World we have not seen.
24 Psalm XV.

Part IV. now issuing.

Britain’s Hymn, 2 editions, 3d. and 1s. 6d.

Departure, 3d.
Song of Night, 3d.

GUIDE FOR BEGINNERS IN PIANOFORTE PLAYING, with

English and French words. 5s.
This work is entirely different from those of a similar kind, which
have chiefly in view the great agility of fingers, the elegance of
performance, and the difficulty of execution; while, on the contrary,
the greatest pains have been taken in this work to make it as simple
as possible for the understanding even of children, or all those who
are unacquainted with the Pianoforte.
The following Compositions are to be published successively:—
MUSICAL GRAMMAR. Theory of Chords, of Counterpoint, of
Imitation, Fugue, and Canons. In sheets, 3d. each.
 THE ART OF SINGING, or Guide for the higher practical part of
Execution.
A COLLECTION OF AIRS, DUETS, and CHORUSES of the
Opera “La Jacquerie” (Poor Conrad), with English, French, and
German words.
THE ASCENSION OF CHRIST, an Oratorio.
London: Published at the Repository for Mainzer’s Publications, 340,
Strand.
 PUBLICATIONS.
On Saturday, the 7th of January, 1843, will be published, the First Number of a
New Weekly Periodical, price 4d. or stamped, 5d. to be entitled the
ILLUSTRATED POLYTECHNIC REVIEW. This Journal will be devoted to
Science, the Fine Arts, and Literature. Each Number will contain an Essay or
Essays on some branch of Science or the Fine Arts, together with other highly-
interesting matter. The Review will be printed on a fine Paper, with a new Type,
and will comprise 48 closely-printed columns, 4to. The whole to be illustrated
with numerous fine Engravings, by the first Artists.
Letters, Essays, Works for Review &c. to be addressed to the Editor, 143,
Strand, London, where Advertisements will be received.

Will be published on 1st January, 1843,

LAXTON’S BUILDERS’ PRICE-BOOK for 1843, containing upwards of Ten
Thousand Prices and Memoranda connected with Building. The whole has been
carefully revised and corrected agreeably to the recent alteration of the price of
materials in consequence of the New Tariff. A great variety of additional prices
have been given not before published, together with some useful Tables.
Seventeenth Edition. Published in a convenient size suitable for the Pocket.
Price 4s. bound in cloth, or in the form of a pocket-book, price 5s.
To be had of the Author at his Office, 10, Fludyer-street, Whitehall; John
Weale, Architectural Library, 59, High Holborn; Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., and
R. Groombridge, Paternoster-row; Hebert, 88, Cheapside; and Miller & Field, 6,
Westminster-bridge-road.

NEW WORKS
NOW PUBLISHING BY
H. G. CLARKE & CO. 66, OLD BAILEY, LONDON,
Agent for Ireland, S. J. Machen, 8, D’Olier-street, Dublin,
AND SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS.
THE ENGLISH WIFE; A Manual of Home Duties, designed as a Sequel to the
English Maiden. 12mo. cloth, lettered. Price 4s. 6d. Silk, 6s. Morocco, 8s.
Contents.—Bridal Hopes and Joys. Family Arrangements. Domestic and
Social Duties. State of Mind necessary to the due Discharge of Domestic
Duties. On the Care of Health. On Healthful Food and Drink. On the Care of
Infants. On the Training of Young Children. Leisure Hours. Conclusion.
THE ENGLISH MAIDEN;
Her Moral and Domestic Duties. With engraved Title, designed by Gilbert,
engraved by Gilks, fcp. 8vo. cloth, lettered, price 4s. 6d. Silk, 6s. Mor. 8s.
“A little work well worthy, from its good sense and good feeling, to be a
permanent and favourite monitor to our fair countrywomen.”—Morning Herald.
“The book is one of the best fitted for presents to young women, in any rank
of life; its price putting it within the reach of most; its tendency calculated to be
beneficial to all.”—Sherborne Mercury.
THE LADIES’ WORK-TABLE BOOK,
Containing full Instructions in Plain and Fancy Needle-work, Embroidery,
Knitting, Netting, Crochet, &c. Illustrated by upwards of Fifty Engravings.
Imperial 32mo. Cloth, gilt edges, price 3s. 6d.
THE LADIES’ HAND-BOOK OF FANCY NEEDLE-WORK AND EMBROIDERY,
Containing Plain and Ample Directions whereby to become a perfect Mistress
of those delightful Arts. 3rd edition, with Illustrations. Imperial 32mo. gilt edges,
price 1s.
“The directions are plain and concise, and we can honestly recommend the
volume to every reader.”—La Belle Assemblée.
THE LADIES’ HAND-BOOK OF PLAIN NEEDLE-WORK,
Containing Clear and Ample Instructions whereby to attain proficiency in
every department of this most useful employment, with Explanations of the
various Stitches. By the Author of the “Ladies’ Hand-Book of Fancy Needle-
work,” &c. Imp. 32mo. gilt edges, price 1s.
THE LADIES’ HAND-BOOK OF KNITTING, NETTING, AND CROCHET,
Containing Plain Directions by which to become proficient in those branches
of Useful and Ornamental Employment. By the Author of the “Ladies’ Hand-
Book of Fancy Needlework,” &c. 3rd edition, with Illustrations. Imperial 32mo.
gilt edges, price 1s.
“A more useful work can hardly be desired.”—Court Gazette.
THE LADIES’ HAND-BOOK OF BABY-LINEN,
By the Author of the “Ladies’ Hand-Book of Fancy Needlework,” &c. Imperial
32mo. gilt edges, price 1s.
THE HAND-BOOK OF PAINTING IN OIL,
 With an Appendix, containing Sir J. Reynolds’ Observations and Instructions
to Students. Imperial, 32mo. gilt edges, price 1s.
“A work of great utility to the Young Artist and Amateur.”—Polytechnic
Journal.

ANNUALS, for 1843.

A LOVE GIFT for 1843.
Royal 32mo. cloth, price 2s. 6d. White Silk, 3s.
“A pretty little volume, bound in pink and gold, containing extracts from our
English poets, both ancient and modern, upon a subject which ‘rules the camp,
the court, the grove—man below, and gods above;’ all universal love—and
those who wish to learn what poets have said upon this all-interesting subject,
may find it here.”—Era.
THE BALL-ROOM ANNUAL for 1843.
Comprising, in addition to the most Fashionable Quadrilles, Galopades,
Mazourkas, &c. of the Present Season, the Steps used in the Strathspeys and
Highland Reels, as danced before her Majesty and Prince Albert, on their recent
Visit to Scotland. Medium 32mo. gilt edges, price 1s.
THE CHILD’S OWN ANNUAL for 1843;
Illustrated by upwards of Thirty Wood Engravings. Fcp. 8vo. handsomely
bound, price 4s. 6d.
HARRISON’S GARDEN ALMANAC and Floral Calendar for 1843.
The Floricultural Department by JOSEPH HARRISON, Editor of the
“Floricultural Cabinet,” “Gardener’s Record,” &c. Foolscap 8vo. price 1s.
CLARKE’S GUIDE BOOKS
To the Exhibitions in and near London; Free Galleries of Art in and near
London; a Guide Book for Visiters, by H. G. CLARKE. Fcp. 8vo. sewed, price
1s. 6d.; containing the National Gallery, Dulwich Gallery, and Greenwich
Hospital Naval Gallery.
The National Gallery; a Guide Book for Visiters. Price 4d.; abridged 3d. and
1d.
The Dulwich Gallery; a Guide Book for Visiters. Price 6d.; abridged 4d. and
2d.
The Naval Gallery at Greenwich Hospital; a Guide Book for Visiters. Price 3d.;
abridged 1d.
 The Royal Gallery, Hampton Court.—Nearly ready.
THE LIFE OF SAINT IGNATIUS,
Bishop of Antioch; being No. I. of the Lives of the Fathers, Saints, and Martyrs
of the Early Christian Church, Imperial 32mo, price 1s.
LETTERS TO A YOUNG LADY
On the Advantages of Early Piety. Imperial 32mo. cloth.—Nearly ready.
Contents.—Personal Advantages of Early Piety. Domestic Advantages of
Early Piety. Early Piety as a Preparatory for the Duties of Active Life. Early Piety
as connected with the Immortal Destiny of the Human Race.

MOSLEY’S METALLIC PENS.—The decided superiority of these Pens over all

others has long been acknowledged by the Public, and MOSLEY and Co., by
anxiously embracing every opportunity of improving their manufacture, have at
length brought them to such a state of perfection, as utterly to defy competition.
M. & Co. in returning thanks for the very liberal support they have received,
would beg at the same time to observe, that us few persons can write with the
same description of Pen, they have manufactured a great variety of kinds, being
thus enabled to suit the hand-writing of all.
MOSLEY’S PENS are sold by all stationers, and other respectable pen
dealers throughout the Kingdom, and Wholesale at No. 8, Hatton Garden,
London.
To guard against the many spurious imitations palmed upon the Public, every
genuine Pen is stamped “RICHARD MOSLEY & Co. London,” and it is requisite
that particular attention be paid to this circumstance, as the name of MOSLEY
has been marked upon articles of a worthless description, the name being
wrongly spelled, or the Christian name left out—“RICHARD MOSLEY & Co.
London,” is the only genuine stamp.

BENTLEY’S Patent PORCELAIN LETTERS, for shop-fronts, hotels, merchants,

shippers, &c., are 23 per cent. cheaper than the projecting; they are the most
beautiful and imposing to the sight possible, and by far the most durable of any
yet introduced; it is a fact worthy of remark, that every new letter that has been
brought out within the last ten years has been Bentley’s invention: also Bentley’s
newly-invented Zinc and Brass Shop Window Plates, both flat and circular, with
raised letters, without a particle of wax, which never get out of order. The
Queen’s, Prince Albert’s, and the Prince of Wales’ coats of arms in wood and
metal. Observe.—The only Manufactory is Bentley’s, 234, High Holborn.
LETTERS FOR SHOP FRONTS.—Use Mason’s Imperishable ones, made in
patent Iron-stone China, which have stood the severe test of 20 winters’
exposure in front of their manufactory at Fenton, in the Potteries.
To be had of Mr. Wager Brameld, Agent, 16, Norton-street, Portland-place.

GREAT COMFORT TO INVALIDS.—FYFE’S Patent Hermetically Sealed

Commode Pail, forming with its mahogany seat and earthen pan, a completely
air-tight, inodorous, portable chamber closet, for 1l. 6s., in a neat japanned box,
2l. 4s., in a handsome mahogany enclosure, 3l.; rendering a sick room, at all
times, as fresh and comfortable to enter as a well-appointed drawing-room.
Sold at Fyfe’s Repository, 26, Tavistock-street, Covent Garden.
Also,
TREDGOLD’S WARM ATMOSPHERIC AIR STOVE, filling the whole area of
a Church with a uniform warmth in two hours from lighting the fire.
Orders from the country, with a reference in London, immediately attended to.

PATENT TRANSPARENT VENTILATORS.—The increasing patronage afforded

to this invention, which has been extensively introduced into the palaces, public
offices, most of the principal banking and club houses, and many private
houses, warehouses, offices, &c., has induced the proprietors (FAIRS and CO.)
to an effort for their more general adoption, in furtherance of which they have
prepared a graduated and greatly reduced tariff of prices, which will be
forwarded, post-paid, on application to Fairs and Co., 22, Mortimer-street,
Cavendish-square; the Factory, 15, Gillingham-street, Pimlico; or Messrs.
Bunnett and Corpe, 26, Lombard-street, where orders are also received. Fairs
and Co. are also Manufacturers of the Improved Zinc Sashes, now so
extensively used for Churches and other buildings, which supersede the use of
copper, at a much less cost, and in which the most elaborate designs may be
executed.

WILLIAM SUGG AND CO., No. 19, Marsham-street, Westminster, BRASS and
IRON FOUNDERS, GAS ENGINEERS and FITTERS, Makers of Improved
Patent Gas Meters, Manufacturers of every description of plain and ornamental
bronze, brass and iron work, for OIL or GAS. Fan lights, passage and lantern,
plain or ornamented, Wholesale, Retail, and for Exportation. Casting for the
Trade.
BIRD’S EYE MAPLE PLANKS, lying in the West India Docks, for sale in any
quantity: also a Case of very superior Satin-wood Veneers. Apply, prepaid, W.,
340, Strand, London.

THE PATENT FIRE PUMP AND ANTI-FRICTION PUMP.—They are both simple
and cheap, and not so likely to get out of repair as the common Pump. The Fire
Pump combines, without any alteration, the common domestic Pump, the Lifting
Pump, and the Force Pump. The Fire Pump is adopted by her Majesty’s Board
of Works, and one is fixed in the House of Commons. Patent Water-closets,
Portable ditto, Self-acting ditto, &c. &c.
Freeman Roe, Plumber, Engineer, &c., 70, Strand, opposite the Adelphi
Theatre.

SMITH’S PATENT IMPROVED WATER-CLOSET combines all the requisites

considered indispensable to form a perfect machine of this nature. In its action it
is rapid, certain, and complete; simplicity of construction (the want of which in
every other kind has been the fruitful and constant source of so much perplexity)
is the distinguishing characteristic of Smith’s Patent Improved Water-Closet.
The value of these Closets has been confirmed, after the severest tests in
which they could be subjected, by persons holding important situations in
various public institutions, and must be considered conclusive in a matter so
nearly affecting the comfort and convenience of the establishments under their
care. Such is the confidence of the Patentee in the completeness of this
invention, that he distinctly holds himself responsible for the perfect action of
every Closet fixed under his own superintendence, and undertakes to remove,
free of expense, any that may be found not to fulfil the conditions of his
prospectus.
⁂ See “Mechanic’s Magazine” of Sept. 17th, 1842.
Prospectuses and Testimonials may be had of the Patentee, T. SMITH,
Plumber, Northampton; or Hayward, Tyler, and Co., Brass-founders, 85, Upper
Whitecross-street, St. Luke’s, London.
 PATENT PERRYIAN PENS.
PRICES ACCESSIBLE TO ALL WRITERS.
James Perry & Co., Manufacturers to Her Majesty and H.R.H. Prince Albert.
Have just introduced a new variety of their excellent Metallic Pens, in boxes
containing one gross, &c., in cases containing a quarter of a hundred, and on
cards; all of which are manufactured under the protection of their Patents,
suitable for every description of writing, and superior to all the ordinary Steel
Pens in general use. J. P. & Co. strongly recommend Bankers, Merchants,
Exporters of Metallic Pens, and all large buyers to make trial of these articles, in
the full confidence they will be found to possess more of the necessary elasticity
for the production of good writing than any other Pens at a similar price.
Pens in Boxes.

DOUBLE PATENT LARGE BARREL PENS, in Boxes,

containing one dozen with Holder, or in Boxes of three
dozen each, Fine or Medium Points.

DOUBLE PATENT SMALL BARREL PENS, in Boxes, containing

one dozen with Holder, or in Boxes of three dozen, six
dozen, or twelve dozen each, Fine or Medium Points.

DOUBLE PATENT PENS, No. 2, in Boxes, containing three

dozen, six dozen, or twelve dozen each, with Fine, Medium,
or Extra Fine Points.

CURVE-CUT PENS, in Boxes, containing three dozen, six

dozen, or twelve dozen each, with Fine or Medium Points.

Pens on Cards.

DOUBLE PATENT LARGE BARREL PENS, with Fine or Medium Points.—

Nine Pens with Holder.
DOUBLE PATENT SMALL BARREL PENS ”
CURVE-CUT PENS ”

Pens in Cases containing a Quarter Hundred, with Holder.

DOUBLE PATENT PENS, No. 2, with Fine or Medium Points

RAVEN BLACK PENS No. 2, ”
 BRONZE PENS No. 2, ”

The Following Sorts of the Perryian Pens, manufactured by James Perry &
Co., are Sold on Cards as Usual.

s. d.
RAVEN BLACK PENS, with Fine or Medium Points per Card 1 0
NATIONAL PENS, Nos. 1, 2, 3, & 4, with Fine or Medium Points ditto 1 0
OFFICE PENS ditto 1 0
FINE OFFICE PENS ditto 1 0
NATIONAL PENS, Nos. 7 and 8, with Fine or Medium Points ditto 1 6
DOUBLE PATENT PENS, with Fine, Medium, Broad, or Extra ditto 2 0
Fine Points
UNDER SPRING PENS ditto ditto 2 0
FLAT SPRING PENS ditto ditto 2 0
SIDE SPRING PENS ditto ditto 2 0
THREE-POINTED PENS ditto 2 0
ELASTIC FOUNTAIN PENS, with Fine, Medium, Broad, or ditto 2 6
Extra Fine Points
INDIA-RUBBER SPRING PENS, ditto ditto 2 6
REGULATING SPRING PENS ditto ditto 2 6
ELASTIC HOLDER, with appropriate Pens ditto ditto 2 6
FOUNTAIN PENS ditto ditto 3 0
SCHOOL PENS, for Large, Round, or Small Hand, per Packet 2 0
N.B.—Each Card and Packet contains NINE PENS, with suitable Holder.
DRAWING and MAPPING PENS, per Card of Six Pens, with Holder 3 6
LITHOGRAPHIC PENS ditto 3 6

PATENT PERRYIAN ELASTIC HOLDER.

The Elastic Holder is so constructed as to impart an agreeable softness and
flexibility to the Pen, rendering it so unconstrained in its action as not to fatigue
the hand. This Holder facilitates the progress of the Pen over every description
of paper. It may be had with the Perryian Pens, at an advance of Threepence
per Card; or separately, at Threepence each. Each Holder is stamped with the
words “Patent, Perry, London.”

PERRYIAN LIMPID INK.

This Ink has a flowing property peculiar to itself, and does not corrode Metallic
Pens as other Inks.—In Bottles, 6d., 1s., and 2s. each.
 BLACK INK POWDER, 6d. and 1s. per Packet.
LIMPIDUM, for neutralising the ill effects of the usual Inks, when used with
Metallic Pens, Sixpence per Packet.
Writing Paper; Silver, Albata, and other Pen-Holders and Pencil-Pen Cases,
adapted to the Perryian Pens, at the usual Prices.
⁂ £20 Reward will be given, on
conviction, for information of any
Person or Persons infringing any of
the Proprietors Patent Rights.
☞ Sold by all Stationers and
Dealers in Metallic Pens, and at the Manufactory, 37 Red Lion Square, London.

DOUBLE PATENT PERRYIAN FILTER

INKSTAND.
JAMES PERRY and Co., Manufacturers to Her Majesty and H. R. H. Prince
Albert,
Having effected considerable improvement in their FILTER INKSTAND, have
now the pleasure to announce that a Second Patent has been granted to them
for such improvement, which they have united with their First Patent, under the
title of “DOUBLE PATENT PERRYIAN FILTER INKSTAND.” The eulogy
bestowed on the Patent Filter Inkstand by the public journals, and the
preference obtained for them over the common Inkstands, were almost
unprecedented. The present novel and scientific method of supplying Clear Ink
to the Dipping Cup, and returning it into the reservoir, is exceedingly simple, the
action being now performed by merely lifting up the lid to obtain a supply, and
shutting it down to withdraw it; in this state it is protected from dust or other
injury in any place or climate. When the Inkstand is filled, it is always ready for
use, and the writer will have a regular and daily supply of Clear Ink for four or six
months.
 No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4.

No. 5. No. 6. No. 7. No. 4½.

TESTIMONIALS.
It possesses the advantage, from being air-tight, of preserving Ink for almost
any period of time.—Times.
One of the most useful inventions of the present day that has come under our
observation.—Morning Herald.
It is really most ingenious, and not in the slightest degree liable to get out of
order.—John Bull.
Very ingeniously constructed to keep the surface of the Ink at a uniform level,
where it is presented to the dip of the Pen.—Morning Post.
We have tested the PERRYIAN INKSTAND, and have every reason to be
perfectly satisfied with the trial.—Atlas.

PATENT PERRYIAN GRAVITATING

INKSTAND.
 As Cheap as the Common Inkstand.
This neat and novel invention is exceedingly well adopted for general use; it
preserves the Ink in great perfection for months together, without the trouble of
refilling; it excludes dust, &c., and at any moment the writer is supplied with Ink
in the most perfect state.
The Patentees strongly recommend it to the notice of Bankers, Merchants,
Solicitors, Government Offices, Public Companies, Shops, Schools, &c., as a
great improvement over the ordinary Inkstand, both as regards convenience,
and considerable saving of Ink. This Inkstand will be found invaluable in keeping
the Ink always clear and fit for use in every climate. It is of a cylindrical form,
with a gravitating action, adjusted so as to supply the Dipping Cup with Ink,
which can be returned into the Cylinder when not in use. Economy, cleanliness,
and usefulness are secured by it, and it cannot get out of order.

No. 1. No. 3. No. 2.

☞ Sold by all Stationers and Dealers in Metallic Pens, and at the Manufactory,
37, Red Lion Square, London.
 “THE BUILDER.”
THE BUILDER.—This Journal will be exclusively devoted to the
interests of Builders, by which term must be understood all that
numerous and wealthy portion of persons connected directly or
indirectly with Building. It will partake of the character of a Trade
Journal or Magazine, and also fulfil the objects of a Weekly
Newspaper, by giving a faithful and impartial abstract of the News of
the Week. The Conductors will not discuss the question of general
Politics, nor will they enter upon Political disquisition at all, unless
any measure should be proposed affecting the class whose interests
they will always support and defend. Upon such occasions, and
upon such occasions only, will their paper be political. It will be of no
party, unless, indeed, the advocating the true interests of all classes
connected with the Building Business, from the Labourer to the
Architect, can be so considered. A portion of
“THE BUILDER”
will be occupied by Essays on the Building and Furnishing Arts in all
their various and numerous branches. It will contain the designs of
Ancient Buildings and Works, and of those of our own day—not
mere pictures or views from which nothing is to be learnt, but plans,
sections, &c., which, while they will be rendered perfectly intelligible
to workmen of ordinary information, it is hoped will not be below the
notice of the Architect and the Amateur.
When we consider how numerous and important is the class to
whose interests this Journal is dedicated; a class of British Artisans
numbering at least half a million; a class whose trade-education
distinguishes them in intellect, knowledge, and wealth, it can only
form matter of surprise, that while the Clerical, Medical, Legal,
Military, and Naval, the Artists and Literati, and other classes have
their public organs of opinion and information; while the Gardeners
and Agriculturists, Railway and Commercial and Banking Companies
have each their mouth-piece and record; the religious sects, and all
Politicians their special advocates that this most numerous, most
intelligent, and most wealthy, should have so long remained without
this bond of the Press; to instruct and inform, to disseminate
knowledge as to discoveries and inventions, to advertise wants, and
form for it a general nucleus of strength, light, and union.
Amongst the Tradesmen, Manufacturers, &c. who are particularly
interested in
“THE BUILDER,”
both as a medium for obtaining information, and for Advertising their
own productions and requirements, we may enumerate the following:
—

Architectural Authors and Publishers

Asphalte Companies
Artificial Stone Manufacturers
Auctioneers and Agents for Buildings, Land, Timber Sales, &c.
Bath, Portland, Granite, Yorkshire, and other Stone Merchants
Brass Fender, Rods, Plate, &c. Manufacturers
Brass Founders
Blind Makers, Venetian and others
Booksellers
Bent Timber Manufacturers
Brokers, Consignments, Sales, &c.
Bronzists
Builders’ Cards and Advertisements
Building Material Dealers
Carpet Warehouses
Carvers
Cabinet Makers
Chimney-piece Manufacturers
Cement Manufacturers
Carriers, Canals, and Vans
Clerks of Works and their Employers
Clock Makers and Bell Founders
Coppersmiths and Braziers
Contractors and Contracts
Drawing Schools, Academies, and Schools of Design
Engineers and Workmen
Estate and House Agents
Fender Makers
Founders and Furnishing Ironmongers
Fire-proof Materials
Fencing,—Iron, Wood, or Stone
Foremen wanted
Glass and Lead Merchants
” Manufacturers, Plate and Stained
Gas Fitters, &c.
Grindstones, &c.
Houses of Call
Insurance Companies
Iron and Steel Merchants
Iron and Tin Plate Workers
Iron Bedstead Makers, Safes, &c.
Land Jobbers, and Sales for Building, &c.
Lamp Manufacturers
Lath Renders
Lead Merchants
Lime Merchants and Burners
Locksmiths and Bellhangers
Lock Manufacturers
Loan Societies
Mathematical Instrument Makers
Machine Makers, Engines, &c.
Metallic Sash Makers—Springs, &c.
Mechanics’ Institutions
Mechanical Instrument Makers
Millwrights and Millstones
Modellers and Carvers
Marble Workers—Chimney-piece Manufacturers
Nail Merchants
Oven Builders
Paint and Colour Merchants
Papier Maché Manufacturers
Paviours
Picture Frame and Gilt Moulding Makers
Patents—Patent Agencies, &c.
Plasterers and Plaster of Paris
Pump Makers, &c.
Pencil Makers
Prices Current—Timber, Lead, Iron, &c.
Publishers, Printers, &c.
Railway Companies
Registration of Designs
Roman Cement Makers
Sales—Timber, Land, Houses, &c.
Scagliola Manufacturers
Saw Mills, Sawing, Saw Makers
Stone Quarries and Merchants
Slate do. do.
Staffordshire Tiles, Bricks, Pipes, &c.
Ships—Imports, Exports, Emigration, &c.
Steam Engines, and Boiler Makers
Stove Grate Makers
Tool Makers
Turners
Ventilating and Warming Buildings
Upholsterers
Wire Drawers and Workers
Water Closet Makers
Wood Paving Companies
Wood Letters
Window Blind Makers—Transparent, &c.
Workmen wanted
Zinc Manufacturers, and Door-plate Makers
Zincography and Artists
 The following presents a list, taken from the census of 1831, of the
building and connected classes in Great Britain only, and of these
only the male adults of 20 years old and upwards:—

Architects and Engineers—No number given.

Agents—None given.
Auctioneers 2,823
Bricklayers 29,653
Brickmakers 10,184
Builders 5,204
Carpenters 103,238
Cabinet Makers 21,774
Carvers and Gilders 2,854
Chair Makers 802
Ironmongers and Ironfounders 10,411
Land Jobbers 651
Lime Burners 3,122
Masons or Wallers 49,159
Marble Cutters 1,732
Nailors 1,882
Painters 15,653
Plumbers and Glaziers 11,999
Plasterers 9,683
Sawyers 19,181
Slaters 4,539
Turners 5,905
Upholsterers 2,932
Undertakers 1,121
314,502

To which, if we add for Ireland, for apprentices and increase of

population, we shall have a number probably far exceeding half a
million!
That this description of paper has been long a desideratum, is
evinced by the history and character of the associations of years
past. The struggles on the part of masters and men, and the attitude
taken by the public towards both, required an interlocutor of this
nature to promote a good understanding, and to secure equity and
justice to all. With such an auxiliary, what waste of time and funds
had been avoided—what noble projects carried out—what petty
strife suppressed—what distractions kept down. Our dignity would
have been maintained, and our cause ennobled.
But more than this. How many of the claims of humble merit have
slept in this interval for the want of a friendly expositor, or a common
vehicle of publicity? And how many valuable inventions have
languished wanting encouragement, or died still-born in the obscurity
of their birth? How many toilsome wanderings of the artisan in
search of employment might have been avoided?—how many
common benefits have been withheld?—How frequently the hand of
brotherly charity undirected, and the worthy object frustrated of its
aid? In the glut of work in one quarter and its scarcity in another, how
promptly would
“THE BUILDER”
have adjusted the balance? Its columns at all times open to inquiries,
and the office for reference, would have solved many difficulties, and
facilitated many purposes of good.
But “better late than never.” The present effort will be under the
chief conduct of one who, from his experience and practice, has
derived means and opportunities of knowing the wants, and
understanding the interests, of the class to whom he has the honour
to belong. And it will be the object at all times to enlist in behalf of
this enterprise the talent and services of all superior minds and
zealous hearts in the various kindred professions.
The paper will be of a convenient size for being bound as a book,
and so that the essays and illustrations may be separated and
preserved. As before stated in respect of the political department,
the Editor will endeavour to steer clear of partizanship. But times
may arise when a fearless advocacy of trade interests will require
him to oppose or support the party in power; on such occasions he
will claim for himself the right to assert his views, and those of his
class, in a manly and temperate manner.
The illustrations will consist of views, plans, elevations, and
sections of ancient and modern buildings, and of parts of buildings,
so as effectually to describe their peculiar excellencies;—of working
drawings and diagrams for the carpenter, mason, cabinet-maker, &c.
&c.;—designs of manufactured articles and implements used in
building;—of improved associations and architectural arrangements,
whether in the cottage or the mansion, the villa or the palace, in the
farm, the village, and the city; in short, there will be no subject in art
or science connected with building and the furnishing of buildings
that will not be sought after to be introduced here.
As a medium of Advertisements, its merits will be obvious: the list
already given comprehends a large number of those to whom such a
paper as this offers always the only proper vehicle. But there are
many besides to whom it will be a welcome organ. In the matter of
contracts for building, of business to be disposed of or sought after,
of workmen wanted or seeking employment, and in all such
pertaining to the class of builders and cabinet makers, it will at once
form a perfect scheme of publicity, thereby encouraging many to
advertise, in the certainty of their advertisements being read, and
many to read in the same certainty of finding an answer to their
wants.
All communications to be addressed to the Editor of “The
Builder,” No. 2, York-street, Covent Garden.

TESSELLATED PAVEMENT.—WYATT, PARKER, and CO.

respectfully call the attention of the Public to their Specimens of
Tessellated Pavement which may be seen at Albion Wharf, Holland-
street, Surrey Foot of Blackfriars-bridge.
The Tesseræ for forming this Pavement or Flooring, being
composed of similar material to that used in the manufacture of
porcelain, and highly vitrified, are imperishable. They can be had of
any size and form, from cubes of a quarter of an inch, and with the
colours burnt throughout the entire body. If required, they may be gilt
similar to those on the tombs of Edward the Confessor and Henry
the Third. They are prepared to execute designs for these floors, or
to dispose of the small Quarries or Tesseræ by the gross, to such
persons as may wish to execute their own floors. These Tesseræ
may be united on the floor with Roman Cement, Lime, and
Pozzolano, Plaster of Paris, or most of the Cements now in use; or
prepared in slabs, and laid with the same facility as Portland Stone
paving.

ENCAUSTIC or INLAID ORNAMENTAL TILES, for paving churches,

halls, corridors, &c.—WYATT, PARKER, and Co. beg to acquaint the
public that they are now prepared to execute PAVEMENTS with
these beautiful tiles, manufactured in imitation of the best ancient
examples from the Chapterhouse, Westminster, Winchester
Cathedral, Romsey Church, Great Malvern, &c. Being made of the
famous red Staffordshire clay, they are of a less porous body than
the ancient tiles, consequently are more durable, and will bear the
roughest usage to which a foot-pavement can be subject, and are
therefore more economical than any of the marbles and stones now
in use for similar purposes. W. P., and Co. also have a great variety
of other tiles of various colours for flooring, and white glazed tiles for
the sides of stoves, dairies, baths, &c. Specimens may be seen at
Wyatt, Parker, and Co.’s wharf, Holland-street, Surrey Foot of
Blackfriars-bridge.

ARTISTS, PRINTSELLERS, and Others are respectfully informed

that C. F. Brelefeld has formed a large Collection of new and elegant
Designs for Picture Frames in the Improved Papier Maché. The
superiority of these Frames consists in their having all the effect of
old carved work; many patterns represent exactly the finest carvings
of the 17th century. The small parts are far less liable to injury than
putty work. Papier Maché being a remarkably tough and hard
substance, it never shrinks, and takes gilding very freely; the frames
do not weigh one quarter the weight of others, and the price is below
that usually charged.
Many specimens are now on view at C. F. Brelefeld’s Papier
Maché Works, No. 15, Wellington-street North, Strand, where also
Pattern Books may be had, price 14s., consisting of a variety of
Patterns of Picture and Glass Frames and Window Cornices, already
executed, and on sale.
“PICTURE FRAMES.—We direct the especial attention of all
persons interested in this subject to the frames for pictures
manufactured by Mr. Brelefeld; they are of Papier Maché, and the
advantages they possess over the ordinary composition frames are
so strong and so numerous, that they must inevitably be brought into
general use. They look exceedingly attractive, and are in reality as
much so as if they had passed through the hands of the carver, and
been produced at about ten times the expense. The gilding tells with
very brilliant effect; and no matter how elaborate the pattern may be,
they have a clearness and sharpness that we have seldom or never
seen obtained in composition.”—Art-Union.

TO CIVIL ENGINEERS, ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, AND THE

PUBLIC.
THOMAS PEAKE’S TERRO-METALLIC MANUFACTORIES,
Tunstall, near Newcastle, Staffordshire. Depôt, Albion Wharf,
Holland-street, London, per Messrs. Wyatt, Parker, and Co.
The manufacturer and his late father have conducted the present
business since 1808, now thirty-four years. He begs to remark that,
during that period, the articles have supplanted other materials to a
considerable extent provincially; and experience leads him to believe
that they will be more generally adopted in the metropolis, as they
become known.
T. P. had the honour to supply roof tiles for lodges, villas, &c. at
Chatsworth, and he believes they are not excelled in efficiency or
appearance by any tiled roofs in the world.