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The Synchronous Generator

Technical Report · July 2021

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.21182.41287

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AL- Ma 'moon University College
Electrical Power Techniques Engineering Department
AC Machines Report

Synchronous Generator

‫ سعيد عبيد وحش تركي‬-: ‫اسم الطالب الرباعي‬

‫ الثالثة‬-:‫المرحلة الدراسية‬
‫ مسائي‬-: ‫الدراسة‬
( E3-2 ) -:‫الشعبة‬

Supervised by

Assist . Lec .Karrar S. Faraj

 Synchronous Generator
In this research, we will learn about the parts, characteristics , structure
of synchronous generators , application , advantage and disadvantage

The electrical machine can be defined as a device that converts electrical energy
into mechanical energy or mechanical energy into electrical energy. An electrical
generator can be defined as an electrical machine that converts mechanical energy
into electrical energy. An electrical generator typically consists of two parts; stator
and rotor. There are various types of electrical generators such as direct current
generators, alternating current generators, vehicular generators, human powered
electrical generators, and so on. In this article, let us discuss about synchronous
generator working principle.
Synchronous Generator

The rotating and stationary parts of an electrical machine can be called as rotor
and stator respectively. The rotor or stator of electrical machines acts as a power-
producing component and is called as an armature. The electromagnets or
permanent magnets mounted on the stator or rotor are used to provide magnetic
field of an electrical machine. The generator in which permanent magnet is used
instead of coil to provide excitation field is termed as permanent magnet
synchronous generator or also simply called as synchronous generator.
Construction of Synchronous Generator
In general, synchronous generator consists of two parts rotor and stator. The rotor
part consists of field poles and stator part consists of armature conductors. The
rotation of field poles in the presence of armature conductors induces
an alternating voltage which results in electrical power generation.
 The speed of field poles is synchronous speed and is given by

Where, ‘f’ indicates alternating current frequency and ‘P’ indicates number of
poles.

Classification of Synchronous Generator

Rotating magnetic pole
(Most synchronous generators): The pole is on the rotor and the armature winding
is on the stator. The rotor is further divided into:

Hidden pole: high speed motor (steam turbine), distributed winding;

Salient pole: low speed motor (hydroturbine), concentrated winding.

Rotating armature
(small capacity or special purpose, such as synchronous motor AC exciter): the
magnetic pole is on the stator and the armature winding is on the rotor.

The voltage change rate of the synchronous generator is about 20 to 40%. Both
industrial and household loads require a constant voltage. For this reason, as the
load current increases, the excitation current must be adjusted accordingly.
Applications of Synchronous Generator
The three-phase synchronous generators have many advantages in generation,
transmission, and distribution. The large synchronous generators use in the
nuclear, thermal, and hydropower system for generating the voltages.

The synchronous generator with 100MVA power rating uses in the generating
station. The 500MVA power rating transformer use in the super thermal power
stations. The synchronous generators are the primary source of electrical power.
For the heavy power generation, the stator of the synchronous generator design
for voltage ratings between 6.6 kV to 33 kV.

Advantages: An asynchronous generator is an AC generator whose ratio of the

speed of the load to the frequency of the connected power grid is not constant.
Therefore, it has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture, use
and maintenance, reliable operation, and low cost. Asynchronous generators have
higher operating efficiency and better working characteristics, which can meet the
transmission requirements of most industrial and agricultural production
machinery because of its close to constant speed in the range from no load to full
load.

Disadvantage: Since the speed of the asynchronous generator has a certain

difference with the rotational speed of the magnetic field, the speed regulation
performance is poor. It is more economical and convenient to use DC generators
for transportation machinery, rolling mills, large machine tool, printing and
dyeing and papermaking machinery that require a wide and smooth speed range.

References:-

https://circuitglobe.com/synchronous- 
generators.html

https://www.dieselgeneratortech.com/generators/
what-is-synchronous-generator.html

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