LESSON 1 KNOWING ONESELF

Your ideal self is the self that you aspire to be.

Your actual self, however, is the one that you actually see. The actual self and the ideal self are
two broad categories of self-concept.
Self-concept refers to your awareness of yourself.
The actual self is built on self-knowledge.
Self-knowledge is derived from social interactions that provide insight into how others react to
you. The actual self is who we actually are. It is how we think, how we feel, look, and act. The
actual self can be seen by others, but because we have no way of truly knowing how others view
us, the actual self is our self-image.
The ideal self, on the other hand, is how we want to be. It is an idealized image that we have
developed over time, based on what we have learned and
Experienced. The ideal self could include components of what our parents have taught us, what
we admire in others, what our society promotes, and what we think is in our best interest.
OPEN SELF
Information about yourself that you and others know
BLIND SELF
Information you don’t know but others know about you
HIDDEN SELF
Information you know about yourself but others don’t.
UNKNOWN SELF
Information about yourself that neither you or others know
Determination. It allows you to focus only on achieving a specific goal without being distracted
by less important things or spontaneous desires.
Self-confidence. It appears in the process of personal development, as a result of getting aware
of yourself, your actions and their consequences.
Persistence. It makes you keep moving forward regardless of emerging obstacles-problems,
laziness, bad emotional state, etc.
Managing stress. It helps combat stress that arises in daily life from the environment and other
people.
Problem-solving skills. They help cope with the problems encountered with a lack of experience
Creativity. It allows you to find extraordinary ways to carry out a specific action that no one has
tried to use.
Generating ideas. It helps you achieve goals using new, original, unconventional ideas.
Better decision-making - When you know yourself, you are able to make better choices about
everything, from small decisions like which sweater you’ll buy to big decisions like which
partner you’ll spend your life with.
Moviegoer. This person watches the movie of their lives admires some parts and criticizes
others. Aside from that, they do nothing else.
Actor. This person does not only watch the movie of her life.
Scriptwriter. This person does not only watch, and she doesn’t only act, but she actually creates
the entire movie from her mind.

Lesson 2 HAVIGHURST DEVELOPMENTAL

INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD (0-5)

Learning to walk
Learning to take solid foods
Learning to talk
Learning to control the elimination of body waste
Learning sex differences and sexual modesty
Acquiring concepts and language to describe social and physical reality
Readiness for reading
Learning to distinguish right from wrong and developing a conscience

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD (6-12)

Learning physical skills necessary for ordinary games
Building a wholesome attitude towards oneself
Learning to get along with agemates
Learning an appropriate sex role
Developing fundamental skills in reading, writing, and calculating
Developing concepts necessary for everyday living
Developing conscience, morality, and a scale of values
Achieving personal independence
Developing acceptable attitudes toward society

ADOLESCENCE (13-18)
Achieving mature relations with both sexes
Achieving a masculine or feminine social role
Accepting one’s physique
Achieving emotional independence of adults
Preparing for marriage and family life
Preparing for an economic career
Acquiring values and an ethical system to guide behavior
Desiring and achieving socially responsibility behavior

EARLY ADULTHOOD (19-30)

Selecting a mate
Learning to live with a partner
Starting a family
Rearing children
Managing home
Starting an occupation
Assuming civic responsibility

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (31-60)

Helping teenage children to become happy and responsible adults
Achieving adult social and civic responsibility
Satisfactory career achievement
Developing adult leisure time activities
Relating to one’s spouse as a person
Accepting the physiological changes of middle age
Adjusting to aging parent

LATER MATURITY (61+)

Adjusting to decreasing strength and health
Adjusting to retirement and reduced income
Adjusting to death of spouse
Establishing relations with one’s own age group
Meeting social and civic obligations
Establishing satisfactory living quarters

LESSON 3 DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES

PERSONALITY-Is that which gives order and congruence to all the different kinds of behavior
in which the individual engages, emphasize the function in mediating the adjustment of the
individual.

 ID-Consist of everything psychological that is inherited and that is present at birth,

including the instincts. The reservoir of psychic energy and furnishes all the power for
the operation of two other system. It is in close touch with the bodily processes from
which it derives its energy.
“True psychic reality,” because it represents the inner world of subjective experience and
has no knowledge of objective reality. (Pleasure Principle)

 EGO -Often called the executive of the personality, the ego strives to strike a balance
between the needs of the ID and the Superego in the conjunction with the reality of the
external world and brings the mental images formed by the Id. (Reality Principle)

 SUPEREGO-Composed of two parts – the ego ideal (the ideal than the real) and the
conscience (developed from the child’s concepts of parent and/or other influentials moral
inclination, the superego is in essence a person’s moral standard. (Moral Principle)
THE FIVE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
 ORAL STAGE (birth- 1 year)
 Characterized by sucking reflex, necessary for survival main task of the child is to
adjust the weaning process, learn to chew food in the oral sadistic sub-stage.
 ANAL STAGE (1 - 3 year)
 The major hurdle in this stage is the regulation of a natural function (bowel
movement control)
 Toilet training requires the child, learn how to deal with postponing immediate
gratification.
 PHALLIC STAGE (3- 6 years)
 Self- manipulation of the genitals provides the major source of pleasurable
sensation.
 The Oedipal complex for males
 The Electra complex refer for female version
 Girls become sexually attracted to their father
 Boys have sexual desires for their mother.
 LATENCY STAGE (7- 13 years)
 The child becomes pre-occupied with developmental skills and activities
 Developing friendship with people of the same sex.
 GENITAL STAGE (12-14 years)
 The major task of this period is the development of relationship which members
of the opposite sex
 Risky task involving rejection or fear of rejection.

LESSON 4
Ways to Become a Responsible Adolescent Prepared for Adult Life
The word “adolescence” originated from the Latin term ‘adolescere’ which means ‘grow’. The so-called
Father of Adolescence, G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924), coined the term “adolescence.” He defined it as
“the period of storm and stress of human life.”
According to Hall, adolescent stage of development is a period “characterized by a teenager’s conflict
with parents, mood disruptions, and engagement in risky behavior”
Puberty indicates the start of adolescence, a stage of abundant dramatic changes in the aspects of
physiological, behavioral, intellectual, social, and personality development.
The three stages of adolescence

(a) the early adolescence (approximately 11-14 years of age),

The change centers on the development of has a bette, partially as a result of physical changes.
(b) the middle adolescence (approximately 15-17 years of age), and,
In the middle stage of adolescence, teenagers tend to lose ties with their parents or guardians
and become
more independent, particularly in the way they think and feel.
(c) the late adolescence (approximately 18-21 years of age)
In this stage of development, adolescents display a more stable sense of identity. During this
phase, they feel more psychologically integrated.
Strengths and weaknesses of adolescents
Strengths of adolescents include physical strength and health, energy, youthfulness, optimism, courage to
try various endeavors, bravery, open-mindedness, good memory, and lack of skepticism.
However, their weaknesses involve insecurity, lack of (or not much) experience, unstable values and
identities, low self-concept and self-esteem, and sensitivity. They are prone to hormonal mood swings,
confusion, pressures, and expectations from other people around them, like the older ones.
Various developments or changes that happen during adolescent stage of development.
Physical and Physiological Development
In this stage of development, an adolescent experiences various body changes like rapid body growth,
hair growth, and muscle modification in some parts of his or her body.
Psychological Development
The various changes happening among adolescents generate further developments, such as in the way
they feel and think about themselves, others, and their environment. They are part of so-called
psychological development, characterized by changes in their emotions, feelings, moods, and manner of
thinking.

 Becoming responsible and being able to make good choices are very important traits no matter
what developmental stage you are in. It holds true for adolescents especially that they are just
beginning to internalize and imbibe virtues, values, and other essential qualities.
 It may not be easy to be a teenager. There may be lots of things going on in various facets of their
lives. The demands and expectations of their parents and other people around them can also be
stressful.
 But the good news is, they can treat these ‘difficulties’ as ‘challenges’ which can make their life
exciting. Having that mindset is also an indication of becoming a responsible and mentally
mature adolescent.
CHALLENGES OF LATE ADOLESCENCE

 Physical Development

o Most girls have completed the physical changes related to puberty by age 15.

o Boys are still maturing and gaining strength, muscle mass, and height and are completing the
development of sexual traits.

 Emotional Development

o May stress over school and test scores.

o Is self-involved (may have high expectations and low self-concept).

o Seeks privacy and time alone.

o Is concerned about physical and sexual attractiveness.

o May complain that parents prevent him or her from doing things independently.

o Starts to want both physical and emotional intimacy in relationships.

o The experience of intimate partnerships

 Social Development

o Shifts in relationship with parents from dependency and subordination to one that reflects the
adolescent’s increasing maturity and responsibilities in the family and the community,

o Is more and more aware of social behaviors of friends.

o Seeks friends that share the same beliefs, values, and interests.

o Friends become more important.

o Starts to have more intellectual interests.

o Explores romantic and sexual behaviors with others.

o May be influenced by peers to try risky behaviors (alcohol, tobacco, sex).

 Mental Development

o Becomes better able to set goals and think in terms of the future.

o Has a better understanding of complex problems and issues.

o Starts to develop moral ideals and to select role models.

Here are some ways to become a responsible adolescent prepared for adult life:
1. Focus on your studies and do well in all of your endeavors. There is time for everything.
2. Take care of your health and hygiene. Healthy body and mind are important as you journey through
adolescence.
3. Establish good communication and relation with your parents or guardian. Listen to them. This may be
easier said than done at this stage, but creating good relationship with them will do you good as they are
the ones you can lean on
especially in times of trouble.
4. “Think many times before you do anything.” Evaluate the probable consequences/results before you
act on a certain situation. Practice self-control and self-discipline.
5. Choose to do the right thing. There are many situations in which it is better to use your mind rather
than your heart.
6. Do your best to resist temptations, bad acts, and earthly pleasures and commit to being a responsible
adolescent.
7. Respect yourself. You are an adult in the making. Do not let your teenage hormones get into you. If
you respect yourself, others will respect you too.
8. Be prepared to be answerable or accountable for your actions and behavior. It is a part of growing up
and becoming an adult

Conclusion on adolescent stage of development

Due to the various developments and challenges it poses, adolescence is repeatedly deemed as a difficult
stage in a person’s life. It is a stage where parent’s or guardian’s role in a teenager’s life is very much
crucial due to the inconsistencies in the behavior of an adolescent.
Inescapably however, everyone passes through this stage or passage in order to reach adulthood and attain
maturity.