Sample Question Paper 12

(Detailed Answers)

Social Science
Class 10th

1. (c) The unification was achieved through political and social subjugation of various ethnicities by the
English.
2. (b) Centralised Administrative System
3. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
4. (d) All of the above
5. (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
6. (b) 12%
7. (b) Red Laterite soil
8. (c) Castor seed
9. (b) Solar energy and fossil fuels
10. (a)
11. (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
12. (a) Dutch speaking community
13. (a) (iv), (ii), (i), (iii)
14. (a) AB Vajpayee
15. (b) (ii) and (iii)
16. (a) 67.35%
17. (c)
18. (b) Private sector
19. (d)
20. (c) buyers
21. Alluri Sitaram Raju is best remembered for leading the Rampa Rebellion against the British in which he
organised the tribal people of Vishakhapatnam and East Godavari districts to revolt against the
foreigners. He was inspired by the revolutionaries of Bengal to fight against the British government.
22. Local Government before the Constitutional Amendment in 1992
(i) It was directly under the control of the State Government.
(ii) Elections were not held regularly.
 Local Government after the Constitutional Amendment in 1992
(i) Local Governments have got some powers of their own.
(ii) Elections are held regularly.
23. Two economic activities which do not come under the primary and tertiary sector of an economy
includes construction, manufacturing and utilities. Secondary sector industries make use of raw
materials to produce something of a higher value.
Examples of secondary activities include small potteries, handicraft manufacture, Factories that
manufacture steel, chemicals, plastic and automobiles, textile mills, food producing facilities such as
breweries and food processing industries.
24. Rice is a subsistence crop in Odisha. This is because, in Odisha, the soil is mostly loamy or sandy and
rice cannot be grown on a large extent, and thus is only a subsistence crop.
Or Wheat cultivation requires cool climate and medium rainfall. The ideal temperature needed in winters
for the production of this crop is 10 degree to 15 degree celsius. The area where the production of
wheat has good quality receives the annual rainfall around 75 cm to 100 cm. Wheat can be grown in
various kinds of soils. Black soil is one of the best soil for its production. The soil for the production of
wheat must be well drained and fertile.
25. The ‘Language Policy’ was the second test for Indian federation. No language was given the status of
national language by our Constitution. Hindi was identified as the official language. But, only about 40
per cent of Indians has Hindi as their mother tongue.
Therefore, 21 other languages besides Hindi are recognised as Scheduled Languages by the
Constitution. A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt
to take the examination in any of these languages.
States have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the official
language of the concerned State. The flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country
avoid any conflict based on languages.
or Three features of Local Government of India are
(i) The third-tier of the government works at the lowest level. Village panchayats and municipal
corporations are the example of local self-government. The members of the village panchayats are
elected by the village people and the members of the municipal corporations are elected by the
people of a city.
(ii) The head of the village panchayat is known as the Sarpanch. Panchayat is the decision-making
body of the entire village. However, the Panchayat works under the supervision of the Gram Sabha.
(iii) Some panchayats grouped together form the Panchayat Samiti or the Block. Its members are
elected by the members of the Panchayats. Zila Parishad exists at the top level of the rural bodies.
Most of its members are elected. Zila Parishad chairperson is the political head of the Zila Parishad.
26. The criterion used by world Bank in the classification of countries is the per capita income of a nation.
This criterion is used by the World Bank in its World Development Reports.
Per capita income is a measure of the amount of money earned per person in a nation or geographic
region. Per capita income is used to determine the average per person income for an area and to
evaluate the standard of living and quality of life of the population.
Demerits of this criteria are
l
Better income is the only goal for people. They have many other goals in life such as freedom, equal
treatment, respect for other people, security, etc. There are lot of things which are not included in the
criterion used by the World Bank for comparing countries.
l
Health, nutrition, education levels are other important metrics which are not measured through the
development report given out by the World Bank.
l
Unless, the whole of your community takes preventive steps, money may not be able to protect a
person from infectious diseases. Money cannot ensure that you get unadulterated medicines. Money
alone cannot buy a pollution-free environment.
27. Differences between red soil and laterite soil are as follows
Red Soil
Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in
areas of low rainfall.
Red soil is found in parts of Odisha and
Chhattisgarh, Southern parts of the middle of
Ganga plain and along the Piedmont zone of the
Western ghats.
Red soil develops a reddish colour due to diffusion
of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks.
Laterite Soil
Laterite soil develops in areas with high temperature
and heavy rainfall.
Laterite soil is mainly found in Karnataka, Kerala
and the hilly areas of Odisha and Assam.
In laterite soil, humus content is very low.

28. The Khilafat Movement was a pan-Islamist political protest also known as the Indian Muslim
Movement. The Khilafat Movement was launched by Shaukat Ali, Abdul Kalam Azad and other
religious leaders, who wanted to develop Muslim participation on behalf of the caliphate Abdul Hamid
II, to protect the Ottoman empire from Western attack.
The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was an agitation by Indian Muslims allied with Indian nationalism
in the years following World War I. Its purpose was to pressure the British government to preserve the
authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire at the
end of the war.The Khilafat Non-Cooperation Movement started as Indians started to resign from
government services. In 1921, the Khilafat Committee gave a call to all the Muslims demanding not to
join the police and armed forces. The Indians refused to pay taxes to the British Government. Buying
and selling of goods and essential items, and schools were put on hold and the popular Ali brothers
were arrested on charges of sedition because of this movement.
29. The Unification of Italy is the result of dedication, contribution and effort of three great leaders Mazzini,
Cavour and Garibaldi. During 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had tried to unite Italy. He formed the secret
society called Young Italy. But, both the uprising in 1831 and 1848 failed.
Even, the ruling elites also wanted a Unified Italy which would offer economic development and
political dominance.The Unification of Italy was a result of many wars. Chief Minister Cavour made a
tactful diplomatic alliance with France and Sardinia-Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian
forces in 1859.
A large number of armed volunteers under the leadership of Giuseppe Garibaldi joined the unification
movement. In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicily succeeded to
drive out the Spanish rulers with the help of local people. In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed
as king of United Italy.
30. Calling Off the Civil Disobedience Movement
During Civil Disobedience Movement, peaceful Satyagrahis were attacked, women and children were
beaten and about 1,00,000 peoples were arrested. When Abdul Gaffar Khan was arrested on April
1930,several violent incidents took place in Peshawar.
In this situation, Mahatma Gandhi call off the movement and signed a pact with Lord Irwin on 5th
March, 1931. This was called Gandhi- Irwin Pact.
Relaunching of Civil Disobedience Movement
In December 1931, Gandhiji went to London for the Second Round Table Conference, but he returned
disappointed as the British government refused to release the prisoners. When Gandhiji came back in
India, he found that Congress had been declared illegal and Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Jawaharlal
Nehru were imprisoned.
As a result, Mahatma Gandhi relaunched the Civil Disobedience Movement. This movement continued
for a year and lost its momentum (a force that is gained by movement) by the year 1934.
Or Meaning of Swaraj from the viewpoint of different social groups are
l
In the countryside, rich peasant communities like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh
were supporters of the Civil Disobedience Movement. They organised their communities to
participate in boycott programmes. For them, the fight for Swaraj was a struggle against high
revenues.
 l
The poor peasantry found it difficult to pay their rent to the landlords as the depression continued.
They joined a variety of radical movements often led by Socialists and Communists in the hope that
they would not have to pay the rent any further.
l
Association like Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress and Federation of the Indian Chamber of
Commerce and Industries under the leadership of GD Birla, Purushottam Thakur Das, etc supported
the Civil Disobedience in the hope that business restrictions would be lifted. The Indian merchants
and industrialists formed the Indian Industrial and Commerce Congress in 1920 and the Federation of
the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.
l
The industrial working classes did not participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement in large
numbers, except in the Nagpur region. An important feature of this movement was the large-scale
participation of women. In urban areas, women came from high-caste families. In rural areas, women
came from rich peasant households. Women were inspired by Gandhiji call and they began to see
service to the nation as their sacred duty.
31. Multi-purpose projects and large dams have also been the cause of many environmental movements.
In recent years, multi-purpose projects and large dams face several resentment and opposition from
public as well as Civil Society because of their multiple adverse effects.
Two movements which were initiated against multi-purpose project are
(i) Narmada Bachao Andolan or Save Narmada Movement is an NGO. It originally focused on the
environmental issues related to trees that would be submerged under the dam water. The NGO
came forward with many environmentalists, tribal people, farmers and social activists demanding
poor rehabilitation and ecological protections.
(ii) Inter-state water disputes are also common with regard to sharing the costs and benefits of the
multi-purpose projects. For example, Krishna-Godavari water dispute between Karnataka and
Andhra Pradesh Governments. It is regarding the diversion of more water at Koyna dam by the
Maharashtra government for a multi-purpose project. This diversion would reduce downstream
flow in their states with adverse consequences for agriculture and industry. Thus, it leads to an
inter-state water dispute.
Or Multi-purpose projects also have many adverse effects and limitations. Due to these effects these
projects have come under great opposition. The adverse effects of multi-purpose projects are as
follows
l
Effect on Soil Fertility The reservoirs that are created on the flood plains submerge the existing
vegetation and soil leading to its decomposition over a period of time.
l
Impact on Society Large river projects cause large-scale displacement of local communities
alongwith destruction of their livelihood and culture. Impact on Aquatic Life Dams break up rivers
making it difficult for aquatic fauna like fishes to migrate especially for spawning (release or deposit
eggs).
l
Change in Cropping Pattern Irrigation has changed the cropping pattern in many regions with
farmers shifting to water intensive methods and commercial crops. This has a great ecological
consequences like salinisation of soil.
l
Excessive Sedimentation at the Bottom of the Reservoir Regulating and damming of rivers affect
their natural flow. This causes poor sediment flow and excessive collection of sediments at the
bottom of the reservoir.
Further, this result in rockier stream beds and raised level of water that cause floods. For example, the
release of water from dams during heavy rains deteriorated the flood situation in Maharashtra and
Gujarat in 2006.
l
Excessive Use of Water It has been observed that the multi-purpose projects induced earthquakes,
caused water- borne diseases and pests and pollution resulting from excessive use of water.
32. It is essential to generate more employment opportunities and reduce unemployment in agricultural
sector. Ways through which employment can increased in India are
l
Focus on Bank Credit Banks can provide loan to small farmers for buying seeds, fertilisers,
equipments, pumpsets, constructing wells for irrigation. This enable them to grow two or more crops
thereby increasing their earnings.
 l
Generating Employment Creating employment in construction of dams and canals, making or
betterment of rural roads, developing storage facilities, etc.
l
Focus on Small Scale Industries Setting up small industries in semi-rural areas like rice mill, dal
mill, honey collection centres, cold storage, food processing industries, etc.
l
Improvement in Education, Health and Tourism Creating jobs in the Health and Education sector
by opening more dispensaries, schools in rural areas along with encouraging tourism. According to
NITI (National Institution for Transforming India) Aayog, education sector has potential of generating
20 lakh jobs and tourism sector has potential of generating more than 35 lakh jobs.
Or Disguised Unemployment is unemployment that does not affect aggregate economic output. It occurs
when productivity is low and too many workers are filling too few jobs. It can refer to any part of the
population that is not employed at full capacity. This type of unemployment usually occurs when there
is over-employment in a particular sector. This basically means that on paper you can show
employment but in reality, too many have been hired to do a job that can be done by fewer people.
When people can’t find jobs that employ their skills or education to full capacity, they still have bills to
pay, so they settle for lesser responsibilities, known as underemployment. For example, in the rural
areas per agricultural sector, where ten members of a farmer family are employed on small farm plots
when five are enough. Those extra 5 members are unemployed rather than being employed.
33. Yes, democracy should be judged by its outcome because it opens the path of expectations which is
one of the criteria for judging any democratic country.
Following points justify the above statement
(i) The examination procedure of democracy is eternal as it passes one test, it produces another test.
(ii) It automatically gives rise to expectations as well as complaints by the people when they want to
know about the functioning of democracy.
(iii) The fact that people also complaint about democracy indicates the awareness and the ability of
people to expect and to look critically at power holders and the high and the mighty.
(iv) It transforms people from the status of a subject into that of a citizen.
(v) Most individuals today believe that their vote makes a difference to the way the government is run
and to their own self-interest.
Or Disadvantages of democracy are as follows
(i) Unstable Government Lots of political parties are allowed to criticise the government and its
policies. Sometimes, it leads to the downfall of the ruling party and re-elections in the country. This
gives instability to the government.
(ii) Slow and Inefficient Government The most common demerit of democracy is that, it is slow in its
functioning. The decision-making process involves long debates and deliberations in the
Parliament. This takes a lot of time before the decisions are actually taken.
(ii) Incompetence Democracy It gives every individual the right to voice his concern. As a result,
everybody focuses on his personal interests and not the collective interests. This sometimes leads
to incompetent and wrong selections of the candidates in the government.
(iv) Role of Money in a Democracy Money plays an important role at the time of the elections. A lot of
money is needed to organise demonstrations, public meetings and speeches. Those candidates
are chosen in the elections, who can raise lot of money for the party.
34 (i) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and
services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period. As a broad measure of
overall domestic production, it functions as a comprehensive scorecard of a given country’s
economic health.
(ii) GDP is the sum of the money value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a
particular year within a country. Only the value of final goods and services are counted in GDP
because the value of final goods already includes the value of all the intermediate goods.
 (iii) Differences between final and intermediary goods are
Basis for Comparison Final Goods Intermediate Goods
Meaning Final goods are the goods Intermediate goods are goods which
ready for sale to the ultimate can be used as raw materials for the
consumer, to satisfy their wants. production of other goods.
Nature Finished goods Unfinished or partly-finished goods

35. (i) The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched on 5th September 1920, by the Indian National
Congress (INC) under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. This movement was a truly mass
movement where lakhs of Indians participated in the open protest against the government through
peaceful means. It shook the British government who were stumped by the extent of the
movement.
(ii) The middle class people in the cities began participation in Non-Cooperation Movement in order to
boycott the British. Principals, teachers and thousands of students left schools to participate in the
Non-Cooperation Movement. Lawyers also gave up their professional life.
(iii) The Non-Cooperation Movement was not successful in achieving its objectives, because of the
following reasons
l
The movement developed an anti–British sentiment among the people that led to people trying to
get rid of the British rule and leaders.
l
When the Khilafat Movement was merged with the Non-Cooperation Movement it brought unity in
Hindus & Muslims.
l
Boycott of British goods and promotion of Khadi products.
l
This was the first movement in which large masses took part, it brought people of different
categories like peasants, merchants, etc together in the protest.
36. (a) Multi-party system is a political system in which multiple political parties across the political
spectrum run for national elections, and all have the capacity to gain control of government offices,
separately or in coalition.
(b) Political parties are essential institutions for smooth functioning of democracy. By competing in
elections parties offer citizens a choice in governance and while in opposition they can hold
governments accountable. When citizens join political parties, volunteer their time, donate money
and vote for their leaders, they are exercising their basic democratic rights.
(c) Differences between multi-party and bi-party system are

Multi-party System Bi-party system

A multi-party system is one which has several
(more than two) political parties to contest and
gain control of the government.
There are various political parties at regional
and National levels.
A bi-party system, on the other hand, is the one
which has only two parties who contest for gaining
power and control of the government.
There are two candidates from two major parties.
37.

(b) (iv) Tehri dam

B. Champaran
A.
Nagpur

(b) (ii)
Mumbai (b) (i)
Port Ramagundam
Thermal Power Plant

(b) (iii) Rajiv Gandhi

(Hyderabad) International
Airport