IS 213 – Computer Networks and Architecture Notes

IP Addressing

IP addressing and Subnet Masking

Review:

• Sa nakaraang lesson nalaman natin ang class A,B,C,D at E ng IPV4

• Nakadepende ang class sa value range ng 1 st octet.
• May mga exempted na 1st octet value na di pwedeng I assign
IP Masking or Subnet Masking:
- Ito ang mag I identify kung aling part ng IP address ang “HOST” at “NETWORK”
IPV4 Mask/Subnet Mask Composition:
- Ito rin ay binubuo ng 32 bits
- May apat (4) na grupo na may 8 bits
Binary to Decimal number conversion

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Decimal Value

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 192
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 224
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 240
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 248
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 252
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 254
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 255

Long Notation: subnet mask na naka express sa decimal value

Short Notation: bilang ng 1’s ng subnet mask na naka express sa binary

SUBNET MASK TABLE

Subnet Mask in Binary Number Decimal Value # of 1’s

1st Octet 2nd Octet 3rd Octet 4th Octet Long Notation Short
Notation
10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 128.0.0.0 /1
11000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 192.0.0.0 /2
11100000 00000000 00000000 00000000 224.0.0.0 /3
11110000 00000000 00000000 00000000 240.0.0.0 /4
11111000 00000000 00000000 00000000 248.0.0.0 /5
11111100 00000000 00000000 00000000 252.0.0.0 /6
11111110 00000000 00000000 00000000 254.0.0.0 /7
11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 255.0.0.0 /8
11111111 10000000 00000000 00000000 255.128.0.0 /9
11111111 11000000 00000000 00000000 255.192.0.0 /10
11111111 11100000 00000000 00000000 255.224.0.0 /11
11111111 11110000 00000000 00000000 255.240.0.0 /12

Lektura sa Computer Network: J. Dioses Jr.

 IS 213 – Computer Networks and Architecture Notes

IP Addressing

11111111 11111000 00000000 00000000 255.248.0.0 /13

11111111 11111100 00000000 00000000 255.252.0.0 /14
11111111 11111110 00000000 00000000 255.254.0.0 /15
11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.0 /16
11111111 11111111 10000000 00000000 255.255.128.0 /17
11111111 11111111 11000000 00000000 255.255.192.0 /18
11111111 1111111 11100000 00000000 255.255.224.0 /19
11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000 255.255.240.0 /20
11111111 11111111 11111000 00000000 255.255.248.0 /21
11111111 11111111 11111100 00000000 255.255.252.0 /22
11111111 11111111 11111110 00000000 255.255.254.0 /23
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.0 /24
11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000 255.255.255.128 /25
11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 255.255.255.192 /26
11111111 11111111 11111111 11100000 255.255.255.224 /27
11111111 11111111 11111111 11110000 255.255.255.240 /28
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000 255.255.255.248 /29
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111100 255.255.255.252 /30
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111110 255.255.255.254 /31
11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 255.255.255.255 /32

Host and Network in IPV4

Ang IP address ay nahahati sa dalawa, ang HOST at NETWORK
Default Subnet Mask:
▪ May default mask ang bawat IP address class (A,B,C)
▪ Ang default mask ng bawat class ang mag de determine kung nasaan ang host at
network.
▪ Importante na malaman kung nasaan ang Host at Network dahil may kinalalaman ito sa
mga rules na dapat sundin sa pag a assign ng IP address.

Class Default Mask in Binary Expression Default

Decimal (Long Mask Short
Notation) Notation
A 255.0.0.0 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 /8
B 255.255.0.0 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 /16
C 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 /24
Host – all 0’s Network – all 1’s

Class Binary Expression Network Part Host Part

(all 1’s) (all 0’s)

A 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 1st Octet 2nd, 3rd, 4th Octet

B 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 1st, 2nd Octet 3rd, 4th Octet
C 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 1st, 2nd, 3rd Octet 4th Octet

Lektura sa Computer Network: J. Dioses Jr.

 IS 213 – Computer Networks and Architecture Notes

IP Addressing

Example: Identify the host and network part of the given IP addresses using default mask
12.12.10.250 120.1.1.1 180.12.1.1 177.100.100.10 199.1.1.2 200.0.0.1

Solution: 12.12.10.250
▪ Base sa 1st octet na 12 ito Class A
▪ Ang default subnet mask ng class A ay /8 or 255.0.0.0
▪ Ang binary conversion nya ay 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
▪ Ang host part na all 0’s ay 2nd, 3rd at 4th octet
▪ Ang network part na all 1’s ay 1st octet

Summary:
Given IP address Class Default Mask Network Host

12.12.10.250 A /8 or 255.0.0.0 12 12.10.250

120.1.1.1 A /8 or 255.0.0.0 120 1.1.1
180.12.1.1 B /16 or 255.255.0.0 180.12 1.1
177.100.100.10 B /16 or 255.255.0.0 177.100 100.10
199.1.1.2 C /24 or 255.255.255.0 199.1.1 2
200.0.0.1 C /24 or 255.255.255.0 200.0.0 1

All host 0’s:

▪ Hindi natin pwedeng I assign sa computer na ang host part ng IP address ay 0’s lahat
▪ Ito ay tinatawag na subnet address
Ex. 120.0.0.0 /8
▪ ito ay class A ip address dahil sa 120 value ang first octet
▪ /8 ay indicator na ito ay gumamit ng default subnet mask dahil /8 ang default mask ng
class A
▪ Ang network part ng IP address ay 120
▪ Ang host part ng IP ay 0.0.0 na ang katumbas ay 00000000.00000000.00000000
▪ Lahat ng host part ay zero kaya invalid ang IP address at hindi pwedeng I assign.

Ex. 180.0.0.0 /16

▪ Class B IP address
▪ /16 ay default subnet mask ng class B
▪ Network Part: 180.0
▪ Host part: 0.0 na katumbas ay 00000000.00000000
▪ Lahat ng host part ay zero, invalid

Lektura sa Computer Network: J. Dioses Jr.

 IS 213 – Computer Networks and Architecture Notes

IP Addressing

All host 1’s:

▪ Hindi natin pwedeng I assign sa computer na ang host part ng IP address ay 1 lahat
▪ Ito ay tinatawag na broadcast address
Ex. 120.255.255.255 /8
▪ ito ay class A ip address dahil sa 120 value ang first octet
▪ /8 ay indicator na ito ay gumamit ng default subnet mask dahil /8 ang default mask ng
class A
▪ Ang network part ng IP address ay 120
▪ Ang host part ng IP ay 255.255.255 na ang katumbas ay 11111111.11111111.11111111
▪ Lahat ng host part ay 1’s kaya invalid ang IP address at hindi pwedeng I assign.

Ex. 200.0.0.255 /24

▪ Class C IP address
▪ /24 ay default subnet mask ng class C
▪ Network Part: 200.0.0.255
▪ Host part: 255 na katumbas ay 11111111
▪ Lahat ng host part ay 1’s, invalid

Example using default subnet mask

IP address Class Network Host Remark

199.1.1.2 /24 C 199.1.1 2 = 00000010 Valid
150.10.10.0 /16 B 150.10 10.0 = 00001010.00000000 Valid
222.0.0.1 /24 C 222.0.0 1 = 00000001 Valid
100.0.0.0 /8 A 100.0.0 0 = 00000000 Invalid, all host bits are 0’s
195.12.0.255 C 195.12.0 255 = 11111111 Invalid, all host bits are 1’s

Lektura sa Computer Network: J. Dioses Jr.