The Performer's Voice - (Index)

Index
Note: Page numbers in bold reference non-text material.
A Adenoidectomy, 269
Adenoid surgery, 389–391
Abdominal excursion, 283 Adipose mass, 65
Abdominal surgery, 391–392 Adolescents, 57, 78
Academic medical centers, 13 Aerodynamics, phonatory
Acceptance, 349 airflow, 165
Acetaminophen, 228 efficiency, 169
Acetylsalicylic acid, 232 flow glottography, 166–168
Aconite, 246 subglottal air pressure, 168, 168
Acoustic analysis, 29, 302 Aging
Acoustic nerve injury, 388 andropause associated with, 70
Acoustics breathing affected by, 69
evaluation of, during singing, 147 causes of, 53
fast Fourier transform, 170 of cricothyroid joint, 67
parameters of, 172, 173–174 menopause caused by, 64–66, 70, 91, 230
phonetography, 175 muscular/neuronal fitness and, 68
singing power ratio, 172, 173 presbyphonia, 66–67
spectrographic analysis, 169–170, 170, 302 skeletal changes associated with, 98
voice range profile, 175 teeth affected by, 68
Acting thyroid hormone changes secondary to, 69–70
Alexander technique applied to, 317–318, 320–322 vocal folds affected by, 68–70, 97
breath support for, 316 voice rejuvenation, 70–71
expressive voice usage, 315–316 Aging voice. See also Elderly
psychophysical voice aspects, 318–319 anatomy of, 89–92
singing tasks associated with, 332 breath support in evaluation of, 92
unhealthy voice aspects, 316 characteristics of, 92–93
Copyright © 2015. Plural Publishing, Inc.. All rights reserved.
vocal coaching overview, 319–320 edema in, 91–92

voice training for, 316 gastrointestinal comorbidities that affect, 94–95
Acting-voice specialists, 413, 418 larynx histopathology in, 90
Actor/singers, 332 mechanisms of, 67–68
Acupuncture, 248–249, 252 menopause and, 92, 98
Acute asthma exacerbation, 259 neurological comorbidities that affect, 94
Acute edema on chronic fibrovascular change, 258 prevalence of, 89
Acute laryngitis, 28, 230–231, 256–258 pulmonary comorbidities that affect, 94
Adam’s apple, 33 surgical therapy for, 99
Adele, 265 systemic comorbidities that affect, 94–95
441

Benninger, MS, Murry, T, & Johns, IMJ (eds) 2015, The Performer's Voice, Plural Publishing, Inc., San Diego, CA. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [29 October 2023].
Created from adelaide on 2023-10-29 00:30:46.
442 The performer’s VOICE
AGMA. See American Guild of Musical Artists vocal ligament, 34

Air conduction, 185 vocal process, 34
Airway management Anatomy of an Illness (Cousins), 249
endotracheal intubation for, 385–386 Androgens, 230
laryngeal mask airway for, 386–387 Anesthesia, 363, 385–387, 392
Airway obstruction, 82, 83 Angelou, Maya
ALA. See American Laryngological Association Angioedema, 270
Albrecht, Rosemarie, 26, 371 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, 270
Alcohol, 195, 232, 271 Antacids, 231
Alexander, Frederick Mathias, 317 Anterior glottic webs, 83
Alexander technique, 280, 317–318, 320–322, 334 Antianxiety agents, 352
Allergic rhinitis, 259, 267–268 Antibiotics, 218, 402
Allergies, 228, 267–268 Anticholinergics, 225, 259
Alprazolam, 352 Anticoagulants, 256
ALS. See Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Antidepressants, 195, 233
Aluminum-magnesium antacids, 231 Antihistamines, 195, 225–226, 262, 267
Alzheimer’s disease, 18 Antipsychotics, 229
American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Anxiety
Neck Surgery, 411 acceptance of, 345
American Bronchoesophagological Association, description of, 15, 94, 345
411 generalized anxiety disorder, 350
American Guild of Musical Artists, 289 mindfulness of, 349
American Laryngological Association, 411 normal curve for, 345
American Laryngological Society, 24, 26, 27 performance. See Performance anxiety
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, social, 345, 350
411–412 Aortic arch surgery, 388
American Telemedicine Association, 420 Applause, 191
Amoxicillin-clavulanate, 228 Arcuate fasciculus, 16
Amphetamine, 232 Arteriosclerosis, 270
Amplitude variation, 107 Arthrosis, 71
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 94, 265 Artistic vocal styles. See Vocal styles
Analgesics, 232 Aryepiglotticus muscle, 35
Analytical music therapy, 17–18 Arytenoid cartilages, 280
Anatomy ASHA. See American Speech-Language-Hearing
arytenoid cartilages, 34, 35 Association
cricoarytenoid joints, 33, 34 Aspiration noise, 184
cricoarytenoid muscles, 34, 35 Assessment. See also Evaluation; Perceptual
cricoid cartilage, 32 assessment; Singer(s), examination of
cricothyroid joint, 32–33, 35 auditory-perceptual, 130–131
cricothyroid muscle, 35, 38, 45 chief complaint, 125–127, 126
external muscles, 34 Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain
external structure, 32–33 scale used in, 78, 130–131, 301
hyoid bone, 32 medical-legal considerations and, 422–423

interarytenoid muscle, 35 of outcomes, 127–130. See also Voice Handicap
intrinsic muscles, 35 Index
recurrent laryngeal nerve, 34, 37–38, 38 performance anxiety, 350
thyroarytenoid muscle, 34 of quality of life, 127–130
thyroid cartilage, 32–34, 73 SF-36, 128
ultrastructure of, 36, 37 singing voice, 282–283
vocal fold, 34 Voice Handicap Index used in, 129–130, 362
vocalis muscle, 34, 35 Asthma, 69, 80, 194, 259, 269–270
443
Index
Astragalus membranaceus, 247 Bonny method of guided imagery and music, 18

ATA. See American Telemedicine Association Brain
Atopy, 267 anatomy of, 10, 11, 111
Auditory feedback, 191 cerebellum, 10, 11
cerebral cortex of, 111
development of, 8–10
B
frontal lobe of, 11, 12
Babington, Benjamin G., 23 music centers in, 10–12, 11
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 7 occipital lobe of, 11, 12
Backup singers, 296 parietal lobe of, 11, 12
Balancing exercises. See also Exercises prefrontal cortex of, 11, 12
building block approach, 107–108, 108–109 Brainstem, 10, 11
stress release, 108, 109 Breathing, 10, 336–337
vocal tension release, 108–110, 109 Breath management, 147, 191–192, 280, 283
voice balancing, 110, 110 Breath support, in aging voice evaluation, 92
Baritone singers Broadway singer, 290–291
obesity in, 65 Broca’s area, 11, 12
passagio points, 188 Brown, Oren, 288
range expectations, 187 Building block approach exercise, 107–108,
Baroque singers, 294 108–109
Barrett’s metaplasia, 200 Bupropion, 233
Basic fibroblast growth factor, 99
Bass singers
obesity in, 65
C
passagio points, 188 Caffeine, 195, 232
range expectations, 187 Calcium channel blockers, 195
Beethoven, Ludwig von, 272 Callas, Maria, 4
“Belt,” 296, 338–339 Calling in sick, 271–272
Belt style, 119 Canceling of performance, 4, 209–210, 211, 262
Benign neglect, 79 Cancer
Benzocaine, 232 esophageal, 200
Benzodiazepines, 229 leukoplakia and, 95, 310
Bernard-Horner syndrome, 270 Candida laryngitis, 270
Bernoulli effect, 40, 41 Cantorial singers, 293–294
Bernoulli principle, 40 CAPE-V. See Consensus Auditory-Perceptual
Bernoulli’s law, 41 Evaluation of Voice
Berry, Cicely, 321–322 Carbonic anhydrase, 195
Beta-blockers, 10, 270, 352 Cardiovascular disease, 270–271
Bevacizumab, 230 Carotid endarterectomy, 388
bFGF. See Basic fibroblast growth factor Casals, Pablo, 249
Bicarbonate, 195 Case studies
Binkley, Carolyn, 113 microlaryngoscopic surgery, 373–376
Birth cry, 3 vocal fold pathologies in singers, 305–308

Black cohosh, 243 CCM. See Contemporary commercial music
Blues singers, 292–293 CCS. See Commercial contemporary singers
BMGIM. See Bonny method of guided imagery and Cefdinir, 228
music Cefuroxime, 228
Body alignment, 98 Cerebellum, 10, 11
Body-cover theory, 41–43 Cerebral cortex, 111
Body-mind-spirit connection, 111–112 Certified otolaryngologic nurse, 414
Bone conduction, 185 Cetirizine, 225
Cevimeline, 228 Chronic laryngitis, 29, 152–153, 194, 200

Chaos theory, 43 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 227
Chekhov, Anton, 249 Cigarettes, 297
Chest register, 337–339 CIM. See Complementary and integrative medicine
Chest surgery, 387–388 Cimetidine, 201–202, 231
Chest wall surgery, 391–392 Classical music
Chief complaint, 125–127, 126 description of, 112
Children non-Western style of, 113
anterior glottic webs in, 83 subcategories of, 113–114
in choruses, 281, 294 Western style of, 113
cranial nerve evaluation in, 78 Classical singers. See also Fachs
dysphonia in classification of, 291
anterior glottic webs as cause of, 83 leukoplakia, 310
description of, 73 overview, 303
evaluation of, 76–78, 77 vocal fold pathology in
functional voice disorders as cause of, 80 nodules, 309
juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis as polyps, 309
cause of, 81, 82 treatment review, 307–308
subglottic stenosis as cause of, 83, 84 Classical singing, 103–104, 113
velopharyngeal insufficiency as cause of, 80–81 Classical Singing Handicap Index, 130, 130
vocal fold cysts as cause of, 79, 80 Cleft palate, 269
vocal fold immobility as cause of, 81–83 Clonazepam, 352
vocal fold nodules as cause of, 79, 80 Club singers, 295–296
functional voice disorders in, 80 Cocaine, 233
history-taking in, 76, 77 Cognitive-behavioral therapy, 252, 350–351
hoarseness in, 273 Coloratura, 187
juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in, Commercial contemporary singers
81, 82 leukoplakia in, 310
laryngeal anatomy in, 73–76, 74–75 overview of, 303
laryngotracheal reconstruction in, 83, 85 Reinke’s edema in, 310
nasometry in, 78 vocal demands on, 335–336
as opera singers, 289 vocal fold pathology in
oromotor examination in, 78 cysts, 309
physical examination of, 77–78 nodules, 309
singing voice development in, 281–282 polyps, 309
velopharyngeal insufficiency in, 80–81 treatment review of, 305–306
videostroboscopy in, 78 Commercial contemporary singing, 103–104
vocal fold disorders in Complementary and integrative medicine
cysts, 79, 80 acupuncture, 248–249, 252
immobility, 81–83 Anatomy of an Illness (Cousins), 249
nodules, 73, 79, 80, 273 Body Language Vitamin Co., 246
paralysis, 82 categories of, 238
vocal performers, 78 chelated minerals, 247

voice disorders in, 73, 273 herbs. See Herbs/herbal therapies
voice evaluation in, 78 holistic/integrative paradigm illustrated, 240
Chinese medicine, traditional, 248–249, 252 homeopathy, 246
Choral music, 118. See also Singing hypnotherapy, 249, 252
Choral singers, 285, 294, 294–295 Journal of the American Medical Association
Choreography, 118 report, 238
Choristers, 294–295 multivitamins, 247
Chronic fibrovascular change, acute edema on, 258 neuroimmunopsychology, 249
445
Index
neurolinguistic programming, 249, 252 lock of, 148

neuromuscular music therapy, 17, 249–250 semioccluded vocal tract exercises for, 96–97
nutraceuticals, 240–248 Crile, George Sr., 13, 13
nutrition, 247 Critical bandwidth, 183
overview, 237–238 Cry, birth, 3
René Descartes and, 238, 239 Cysts. See Laryngeal cysts/polyps; Vocal fold(s),
traditional Chinese medicine, 248–249, 252 cysts of
Unlimited Power (Robbins), 249 Czermak, Johann, 23
vitamins, 240–248
Zicam, 246
D
zinc, ionized, 246
Complete Professional Audition, The (Cohn & Danazol, 230
Perilstein), 118 Dancers, voice problems in, 333
Concert singer, 290 Decongestants, 226, 259, 262, 267
Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice, Dehydration, 157
78, 131, 141, 302 Denasality, 188
Consonants, 285, 288 Dental care, 71
Constriction, 338–339 Depression, 15, 94
Contemporary Christian music, 113 Descartes, René, 238, 239
Contemporary commercial music, 103, 112, 112 Desloratadine, 228
Continuous positive airway pressure, 269, 391 Desquamation, 60
Contraltos Dexamethasone, 228, 229
passagio points, 188 Diabetes mellitus, 267
range expectations, 187 Diazepam, 352
Cordyceps sinensis, 246 Diction, 189
CORLN. See Certified otolaryngologic nurse Diet, meal timing, 196
Corticosteroids Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of
adjunctive therapy uses of, 261 1994, 245
airway inflammation managed with, 228, 231 Digital kymography, 162, 162
allergic disease treated with, 267 Diminuendo, 282
dysphonia treated with, 227–228, 228, 272 Diphenhydramine, 225
edema treated with, 258 Diuretics, 195, 229
fat cells affected by, 65 Dopamine, 14
frequency of use of, for voice disorders, 218, 220 Dramatic, 187
fungal laryngitis risks, 231 Dress rehearsal, 289
gastroesophageal reflux caused by, 270 DSHEA. See Dietary Supplement Health and
inhaled, 226–227, 259, 269 Education Act of 1994
Cortisone, 55, 66 Dysphagia, 194, 196
Cough, 267 Dysphonia
Country singers, 292 causes of, 126, 273
Country singing style, 170 in children. See Children, dysphonia in
Cousins, Norman, 249 corticosteroids for, 272
CPAP. See Continuous positive airway pressure in elderly, 93–94

Cranial nerve injuries, 387–388 factor analysis of, 172
Crescendo, 282 functional, 259
Cricopharyngeal dysfunction, 194 medications for, 228, 272
Cricopharyngeus muscle, 38 muscle tension. See Muscle tension dysphonia
Cricothyroid joint, 67 postural alignment effects on, 280
Cricothyroid membrane, 149 sagittal spine alignment effects on, 280
Cricothyroid muscle spasmodic. See Spasmodic dysphonia
anatomy of, 35, 38, 45, 46, 106, 106 vocal fold vibration asymmetry, 156
E Estrogen
description of, 56–57
Echinacea, 241, 245–246 physiological effects of, 60
Edema progesterone and, imbalance between, 61
in aging voice, 91–92 synthesis of, 65
laryngeal, 152–153. See also Laryngitis Estrogen receptors, 59
in rock singers, 300 Estrogen replacement therapy, for menopause, 230
vocal fold, 60, 63, 305–309 Euphoria, 66
Elderly. See also Aging voice Evaluation. See also Assessment
age-related voice changes in acoustic analysis, 302
body alignment, 98 in children, 78
changing expectations secondary to, 98–99 Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain
menopause, 98 scale, 78, 130–131, 301
overview of, 95–96 singer’s voice, 301–302
unstable vibrato, 97 spectrographic analysis, 302
vocal fold atrophy, 96–97 stroboscopic evaluation, 302
vocal fold elasticity, 97 voice range profile, 302
body alignment changes in, 98 Examination. See Singer(s), examination of
dysphonia in, 93–94 Exercises
hoarseness in, 267 building block approach, 107–108, 108–109
larynx histopathology in, 90 imagery exploration, 326–327
presbylarynges in, 89–92, 90 jaw tension, 323–324
presbyphonia in, 89 language precision, 326
prevalence of, 89 for monotone delivery, 326
speaking rate in, 92 nasality, 324
surgical therapy in, 99 neck/shoulder tension, 325
throat clearing in, 93 “Ng-sniff,” 288
vocal folds in panting, 287
anatomy of, 91 for raspy sound, 324
atrophy of, 96–97 rest, constructive, 325–326
paralysis/paresis of, 95 soft palate tightness, 324
voice-related quality of life in, 89 stress release, 108, 109
Emergencies. See Vocal emergencies support improvement, 324–325
Emotions, 13–14 tongue root tension, 323
Endoscopy, 161 vocal flexibility, 287
Endotracheal intubation vocal registration, 288
chipped teeth caused by, 387 vocal tension release, 108–110, 109
laryngeal injury during, 272–273 voice balancing, 110, 110
procedure for, 385 vowel, 284
singing resumption after, 387 Expectorants, 226, 228
voice changes associated with, 386
Entrainment, musical, 14
F
Environment
voice affected by, 126 Facelift, 388
work, 271 Fachs, 187, 279, 290, 291
Epiglottitis, 271 Fast Fourier transform, 170
Epilaryngeal space, 280 Fatigue, 107, 126
Esomeprazole, 201, 228 Feedback, 191
Esophagitis, erosive, 200 Female voice
Esophagoscopy, 200 hormonal effects on, 59–66
Essential tremor, 94 menopause effects on, 64–66, 70, 92, 98, 230
447
Index
menstrual cycle effects on, 57, 58, 63–64 Glandular cells, 58

pregnancy effects on, 64 Glissando, 146
premenstrual voice syndrome, 59–64 Globus pharyngeus, 126, 194, 196
Feverfew, 243 Glossopharyngeal nerve, 388
Fexofenadine, 225, 228 Glottal cycle, 41
FFT. See Fast Fourier transform Glottic insufficiency, 381
Fiberoptic laryngoscopy, 24, 78, 149–153, 260 Glottic webs, 73, 74, 83
Fierstein, Harvey, 272 Glottography. See Flow glottography (FLOG)
5-note scale, 286 Goldberg Variations, 7
Flexible laryngoscopy, 383 Goldenseal, 241, 247
Flow glottography (FLOG), 166–168, 167 Gospel singers, 295
Fluoxetine, 229, 352 Gould, Wilbur J., 28
Folk singers, 292 Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain
Follicle-stimulating hormone, 55 (GRBAS) scale, 78, 130–131, 145, 301
Formant transition, 184 Granuloma, 194, 306, 360, 361, 386
Forward resonance placement, 335 Guaifenesin, 226
Fox, Michael J., 265 Guarana, 242
Frequency, 41
Frontal lobe, 11, 12
FSH. See Follicle-stimulating hormone
H
Functional dysphonia, 259 H1-receptor antagonists, 225
Functional voice disorders, in children, 80 H2-blockers, 202
Fundamental frequency, 154 Haemophilus influenzae, 231, 271
Fungal laryngitis, 257 Handicap, 127
Hawthorne, 243
Head register, 337
G Head surgery, 387–388
GAD. See Generalized anxiety disorder Health
Gait disorders, 16 body-mind-spirit connection in, 111–112
García, Manuel, 23 music’s effect on, 7, 14–15
Garlic, 243 Health care, 16–18
Gastroesophageal reflux. See also Reflux Healthcare Information Privacy and Portability Act,
anatomy of, 194 418, 424
corticosteroids as cause of, 270 Hearing, 71
leukoplakia and, 310 Hearing loss, 272, 388
overview, 193–194 Hematoma, 62, 62
Reinke’s edema and, 310 Herbs/herbal therapies
Gastroesophageal reflux disease. See also Reflux aconite, 246
behavior effects on, 200–201 Astragalus membranaceus, 247
impedance testing, 200 black cohosh, 243
obesity and, 195–196 Chinese, 248–249
surgical treatment of, 202–203 contraindications, 241–244
Gate control theory, 14 Cordyceps sinensis, 246

Gatifloxacin, 228 description of, 252
Gaviscon, 202 echinacea, 241, 245–246
General anesthesia, 385 feverfew, 243
Generalized anxiety disorder, 350 garlic, 243
GER. See Gastroesophageal reflux ginkgo biloba, 242
GERD. See Gastroesophageal reflux disease ginseng, 242, 247
Ginkgo biloba, 242 goldenseal, 241, 247
Ginseng, 242, 247 guarana, 242
Herbs/herbal therapies (continued) Hormonal therapy, 99

hawthorne, 243 Hormone(s). See also Thyroid hormones
kava kava, 241 androgens, 230
ma huang, 244 female voice, 59–66
pulsatilla, 244, 246 larynx affected by, 54–56, 267
pygeum africanum, 242 male voice, 66
saw palmetto, 242 as medications, 230
St. John’s wort, 244 menopause, 64–66, 70, 98
Uncaria tomentosa, 246 menstrual cycle, 63–64
High-speed imaging, 161 overview, 54
High-speed video recording, 25, 162 in pregnancy, 64
Hip-hop singers, 293 premenstrual voice syndrome, 59–64
HIPPA. See Healthcare Information Privacy and puberty, 55–57
Portability Act sex, 55–56
Histamine blockers, 201 voice development affected by, 54–56
History, of voice care Hoskins, Bob, 265
Albrecht, Rosemarie, 26 HPV. See Human papillomavirus
American Laryngological Society, 24, 26, 27 HSV. See High-speed video recording
autoscopy, 26 Human papillomavirus, 81
Babington, Benjamin G., 23 Humidification, 261
Czermak, Johann, 23 Huton, David, 8
García, Manuel, 23 Hyaluronic acid, 90, 381
Gould, Wilbur J., 28 Hydration, 261
Hirano, Minoru, 28 Hyoid bone, 32
Jackson, Chevalier, 26 Hyoid horn, 149
Jako, Geza, 26 Hyperrhinophonia, 176
Kirstein, Alfred, 26 Hypertension, 270–271
Kleinsasser, Oskar, 26 Hypertonicity, 250
Knight, Frederick, 24, 24 Hypnotherapy, 249, 252
laryngeal examination, 23–25, 25 Hypoglossal nerve injury, 388
laryngeal photography, 24, 25 Hyponasal resonance, 389
laryngoscopy, 23 Hyporhinophonia, 176
Lawrence, Van, 26–28
Liston, Robert, 23
I
Moses, Paul, 28
objective assessment, 29 Ibuprofen, 232
pharmacology, 28 Implants, 71
surgery, 26 Infants, larynx position in, 73
therapy, 29 Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, 38
Voice Foundation, 28 Inflammation
von Leden, Hans, 26 laryngeal, 228
History, patient, 247 vocal folds, 266
Hoarse, 49 Informed consent, 361–362, 368–369, 422

Hoarseness Inhaled corticosteroids, 226–227, 259, 269. See also
causes of, 49, 93, 126, 267 Corticosteroids
in children, 273 Injection medialization, 99, 380, 380–381
in elderly, 267 Injury, 4
larynx affected by, 267 Instrumentalists, Alexander technique, 334
medications that cause, 93 Interarytenoid muscle, 35
persistent, 358 International Phonetic Alphabet symbols, 284,
in reflux, 196 284–285
Homeopathy, 246 Intonation, 181, 186
449
Index
Intubation, endotracheal impedance testing of, 200

chipped teeth caused by, 387 laryngoscopy for, 198–199
laryngeal injury during, 272–273, 385–386 manifestations of, 194
procedure for, 385 obesity as risk factor for, 271
singing resumption after, 387 persons at risk for, 195
voice changes associated with, 386 proton pump inhibitors for, 201–202, 259
IQ, 9 Reflux Symptom Index and, 196
Itchy voice, 126 risk factors for, 195
surgical treatment of, 202–203
J symptoms of, 259
treatment of, 200–204
Jackson, Chevalier, 26 24-hour pH probe testing, 199–200
Jako, Geza, 26, 371 as “upright” reflux, 195
Jazz singers, 292 Laryngoscopy
Journal of Voice, 411 fiberoptic, 24, 78, 149–153, 260
Juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, 81, 82 flexible, 383
reflux and, 197–199
K rigid, 380
Karaoke singing, 281 Laryngospasm, 196, 203
Kava kava, 241 Laryngotracheal reconstruction, 83, 85
Kirstein, Alfred, 26 Laryngotracheal stenosis, 83
Kleinsasser, Oskar, 26, 371 Larynx
Klonopin, 352 anatomy of
Knight, Frederick, 24, 24 in adults, 32–38
in children, 73–76, 74–75
anchoring of, 98
L blood supply of, 36
Lachiusa, Michael John, 119 congenital malformations of, 273
Lamina propria, 75–76 development of, 73, 75, 279
Lansoprazole, 201, 228 edema of
Laparoscopic surgery, 392 in aging voice, 91–92
Laryngeal cancer, 95 muscle tension dysphonia caused by, 152–153
Laryngeal cysts/polyps, 359 embryologic development of, 73, 75
Laryngeal mask airway, 386–387 endotracheal intubation-related injury to,
Laryngitis. See also Reflux laryngitis 272–273, 385–386
acute, 28, 230–231, 256–258, 258 estrogen effects on, 59
acute bacterial, 228 histopathology of, 90
Candida, 270 hormone effects on, 54, 267
chronic, 29, 152–153, 194, 200 in infants, 73
fungal, 257 inflammatory disorders that affect, 266, 266
overview, 157–158 intrinsic muscles of, 35
treatment, 157 intubation-related injury to, 272–273, 385–386
Laryngitis sicca, 157 isometric tension of, 149

Laryngology layers of, 90
description of, 5, 410–411 medical problems that affect
pediatric, 73 allergic rhinitis, 267–268
Laryngopharyngeal reflux asthma, 269–270
behavioral treatment of, 200–201 cardiovascular disease, 270–271
corticosteroids as cause of, 270 cough, 267
definition of, 193 diabetes mellitus, 267
esophagoscopy of, 200 hoarseness, 267
gastrointestinal causes of, 94 hypertension, 270–271
Larynx (continued) Ma huang, 244

medical problems that affect (continued) Male voice, 66
inflammatory disorders, 266, 266 aging of, 93
list of, 266 andropause, 70
neuromuscular diseases, 265–266 MAOI. See Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
obesity, 271 Marcato, 282
Parkinson’s disease, 265–266 Marijuana, 232
public health measures to prevent, 271 Marking, 289
pulmonary disease, 269–270 Mass, 47
rheumatoid arthritis, 266 Mastoidectomy, 388
sarcoidosis, 266 Matching, 182
sinusitis, 267–268 Meal timing, 196
stroke, 270–271 Medialization laryngoplasty, 99
tonsillitis, 268, 268–269 Mediastinal surgery, 388
velopharyngeal insufficiency, 269 Medical examination. See Singer(s), examination of
work environment effects on, 271 Medical history, 213
palpation of, 148–149, 148–149 Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form
physiology of, 32 General Health Survey. See SF-36
presbylarynges of, 89–92, 265 Medications
resonance effects on, 280 acetaminophen, 228
Laser surgery, office-based, 381–382, 382 acetylsalicylic acid, 232
Lateral medullary syndrome, 270 allergies treated with, 267–268
Lawrence, Van, 26–28 alprazolam, 352
Legal issues. See Medical-legal considerations aluminum-magnesium antacids, 231
Legit style, 119 amoxicillin-clavulanate, 228
Leukoplakia, 95, 300, 310 amphetamine, 232
Leukotriene inhibitors, 225 analgesics, 232
Levitin, Daniel, 8 angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, 270
Levofloxacin, 228 antacids, 231
LH. See Luteinizing hormone antianxiety agents, 352
Lidocaine, 232 antibiotics, 218, 402
Lifestyle drugs, 232–233 anticholinergics, 225, 259
Limbic system, 12 antidepressants, 195, 233
Liston, Robert, 23 antihistamines, 195, 225–226, 262
LMA. See Laryngeal mask airway antipsychotics, 229
Loft, 337 aspirin, 232
Loft resonance, 288 beta-blockers, 10, 270, 352
Lombard effect, 290 bevacizumab, 230
Loratadine, 225, 228 bupropion, 233
Loudness, 48–49, 182–183 calcium channel blockers, 195
Loudness meters, 183 cefdinir, 228
Lozenges, 297 cefuroxime, 228
LPR. See Laryngopharyngeal reflux cetirizine, 225

Lubrication problems, 157 cevimeline, 228
Lung cancer, 94, 388 cimetidine, 201–202, 231
Luteinizing hormone, 55 clonazepam, 352
Lyric, 187 corticosteroids. See Corticosteroids
decongestants, 226, 259, 262, 267
desloratadine, 228
M
dexamethasone, 228, 229
Madonna, 4 diazepam, 352
Magnitude estimation, 182 diphenhydramine, 225
451
Index
diuretics, 195, 229 triamcinolone, 228

esomeprazole, 201, 228 Valium, 352
expectorants, 226, 228 Xanax, 352
fexofenadine, 225, 228 Zoloft, 352
fluoxetine, 229, 352 Medical-legal considerations
gatifloxacin, 228 communication and, 421
Gaviscon, 202 Food and Drug Administration, 422
guaifenesin, 226 Healthcare Information Privacy and Portability
H1-receptor antagonists, 225 Act, 424
H2-blockers, 202 institutional review boards, 422
histamine blockers, 201 litigation prevention, 422
hoarseness caused by, 93 litigation process, 424–425
hormones as, 230 medical records, 424
ibuprofen, 232 preoperative assessment, 422
inhaled corticosteroids, 226–227. See also scars and, 422
Corticosteroids surgery and, 422
Klonopin, 352 three Cs, 421, 424
lansoprazole, 201, 228 Melodic intonation therapy, 16
leukotriene inhibitors, 225 Menopause, 64–66, 70, 91–92, 98, 230
levofloxacin, 228 Menstrual cycle, 57, 58, 63–64
loratadine, 225, 228 Menstruation, 63–64, 196. See also Hormone(s)
meal timing and, 201 Messa di voce, 146, 189, 283, 285–286
methylprednisolone, 228, 229 Methylprednisolone, 228–229, 229
monoamine oxidase inhibitors, 229 Mezzo-soprano
montelukast, 225, 228 passagio points, 188
moxifloxacin, 228 range expectations, 187
mucolytics, 226, 262 Microlaryngoscopic surgery. See also Postoperative
muscarinic agonists, 226 care
nicotine supplements, 233 case studies of, 373–376
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 218, 228, dissection planes, 369–370
232, 261–262 endoscopes for, 372
omeprazole, 201, 228 equipment used in, 371–373
oral contraceptives, 230 history of, 370–371
pantoprazole, 198, 201, 228 incisions, 369–370
phenothiazines, 229 indications for, 367–368
prednisone, 228, 229 informed consent for, 368–369
progesterone, 195–196 magnification for, 372
proton pump inhibitors, 158, 198, 201–202, 204, microflaps, 369–370
402 microinstrumentation, 371–372
Prozac, 352 office procedures, 373
psychoactives, 229 photodocumentation for, 372–373
rabeprazole, 201, 228 Mindfulness, 349
ranitidine, 201 Mind-spirit-body connection, 111–112

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 229, 352 MIT. See Melodic intonation therapy
sertraline, 229, 352 Modern Singing Handicap Index, 130, 130
side effects of, 157 Modigliani type, 65
singing voice affected by, 214 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, 229
steroid inhalers, 157 Montelukast, 225, 228
steroids. See Corticosteroids; Inhaled Moraxella catarrhalis, 231
corticosteroids Moses, Paul, 28
telithromycin, 228 Motor function, 16
tranquilizers, 229 Moxifloxacin, 228
MTD. See Muscle tension dysphonia styles of, 112–113, 118–120

Mucolytics, 226, 262 subcategories of, 113–114
Mucosal tears, of vocal folds, 256, 257, 262 summary of, 120
Mucosal wave movement, 43, 44 therapeutic uses of, 12–14
Multiple sclerosis, 265–266 tools commonly used in, 120
Muscarinic agonists, 226 Western style, 113
Muscle(s) Musical entrainment, 14
cricoarytenoid, 34, 35 Musical theater, 118–120, 338–339
cricopharyngeus, 38 Music lessons, 9
cricothyroid. See Cricothyroid muscle Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain
insertion of, 35 (Sacks), 8
interarytenoid, 35 Music psychotherapy, 17
laryngeal, 35 Music therapists, 7
origin of, 35 Music therapy
thyroarytenoid. See Thyroarytenoid muscle Alzheimer’s disease treated with, 18
vocalis, 34, 35 analytical, 17–18
Muscle tension, 346 description of, 7–8, 8
Muscle tension dysphonia health benefits of, 14
chronic laryngitis as cause of, 152–153 health care applications of, 16–18
compensatory pattern of, 152 interventions used in, 15
diagnosis of, 152 melodic intonation therapy, 16
in elderly, 92 motor function improvements through, 16
laryngeal edema as cause of, 152–153 neurological, 17
primary pattern of, 152 patterned sensory enhancement, 16
supraglottic structures and, 36 positive reinforcement effects of, 16
types of, 152 relaxation benefits of, 14
upper esophageal sphincter in, 204 summary of, 18–19
Musculoskeletal system surgery, 392 therapeutic instrumental music performance, 16
Music Music training, 9–10, 10
benefits of, 8, 12–14 Myoelastic-aerodynamic theory, 39–41
choral, 118
classical, 112, 113–114
N
contemporary commercial, 103, 112, 112
definition of, 7 Nasality, 188
early learning about, 9–10 Nasal surgery, 391
emotional reactions to, 13–14 Nasometry, 78
healing power of, 13 National Association of Teachers of Singing (NATS),
health care applications of, 16–18 413
health effects of, 7, 14–15 Neck, 111, 148–149, 148–149
introducing of, to babies, 9 Neck surgery, 387–388
in utero effects of, 9 Negative reinforcement, 350
IQ levels and, 9 Neurochronaxic theory, 39
non-Western style, 113, 118 Neuroimmunopsychology, 249

pain management uses of, 14, 18 Neurolinguistic programming, 249, 252
physical reactions to, 13 Neurological music therapy, 17
physiological effects of, 14 Neuromatrix model, of pain, 14
positive reinforcement effects of, 16 Neuromuscular diseases, 265–266, 266
rehabilitation uses of, 15–16 Neuromuscular music therapy, 17, 249–250, 252
speech rehabilitation uses of, 15–16 Neurosteroid, 60
SSI study degree programs, 113, 114–117 Neurotransmitters, 14
studies of, 7 “Ng-sniff” exercise, 288
453
Index
Nicotine supplements, 233 PD. See Parkinson’s disease

NMT. See Neurological music therapy; Pediatric laryngology, 73
Neuromuscular music therapy Pediatric patients. See Children
NNE. See Normalized noise energy Pediatric Voice Handicap Index, 78
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 218, 228, Pediatric Voice Outcome Survey, 78
261–262 Pediatric Voice-Related Quality-of-Life, 78
Normalized noise energy, 269 Pepsin, 194–195
Nurses, 413–414 Perception. See also Perceptual assessment
Nusach, 293 auditory feedback and, 185
Nutrition, 247, 252 auditory perceptual process, 180–185
loudness, 182–183
pitch, 180–182
O
singer’s formant and, 184
Obesity, 195–196, 271 sound quality, 183–185
Obstructive sleep apnea, 269, 390, 390–391 timbre, 183–185
Occipital lobe, 11, 12 Perceptual assessment
OCT. See Optical coherence tomography Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of
Office-based procedures Voice, 302
candidates for, 379–380 diction, 189
injection medialization/augmentation, 380, 380–381 dynamics, 188–189
laser surgery, 381–382, 382 gesture, 189
overview of, 379 importance of, 180
patient selection for, 379–380 intonation, 186
summary of, 382 nasality, 188
Omeprazole, 201, 228 overview, 185–186
Opera News, 119–120 Perceptual Assessment of Singing Voice, 190
Opera singers, 289–290 phrasing, 189
Opera singing, Western style of, 170 posture, 189
Optical coherence tomography, 76 resonance, 188
Oral contraceptives, 230 rhythmic accuracy, 189
Osteoblast, 60 self-perception and, 191, 191–192
Osteoclast, 60 timbre and, 186–187
Otolaryngology, 5, 410–411 vibrato and, 186
Ovarian cycle, 58 voice classification and, 187–188
voice onset, 187
voice quality, overall, 186–187
P
voice range profile, 302
Page, Larry, 4 voice type range expectations, 187
Pain Performance
causes of, 126 amplification of, 332
music therapy for, 14, 18 cancellation of, 4, 209–210, 211, 262
neuromatrix model of, 14 emotional issues, 338
PAMA. See Performing Arts Medicine Association reflux risk, 196

Panting exercise, 287 Performance anxiety
Pantoprazole, 198, 201, 228 clinically significant, 344–345
Papilloma, 82 cognitive-behavioral therapy, 350–351
Paradoxical vocal fold motion, 80 evaluation, 350
Parietal lobe, 11, 12 external cues, 344
Parkinson’s disease, 94, 265–266 flowchart, performance anxiety, 347
Patel, Aniruddh, 8 overview, 341–343
Patterned sensory enhancement, 16 performance deterioration, 344
Performance anxiety (continued) body-cover theory, 41–43

pharmacotherapy, 351–352 chaos theory, 43
phenomenology, 343–344 cricothyroid muscle, 35, 36
professional treatment, 349–352 larynx, 32
self-management, 345–349 loudness, 48–49, 182–183
social anxiety versus, 350 mucosal wave movement, 43, 44
somatic components, 343 myoelastic-aerodynamic theory, 39–41
Performers. See also Acting; Singer(s) phonatory control, 47–50
calling in sick by, 271–272 phonatory inputs, 43–46
child, 273. See also Children pitch, 47–48
hearing loss in, 272 subglottal pressure, 44–45
psychiatric disorders in, 272 supraglottal resonance, 46
substance abuse in, 272 theories, phonation, 39–43
surgery for, 272–273 vocal folds
Performing Arts Medicine Association, 414 biomechanics of, 45–46, 46
Peritonsillar abscesses, 268 layers of, 41, 43
Peroral vocal fold injections, 380, 380 movement of, 33
pH, 194 vibration of, 41
Pharmacotherapy, performance anxiety, 351–352. vocal mechanism, 31–32
See also Medications voice quality, 49–50
Pharyngitis, 232 PIF. See Phonation instability flow
Phenothiazines, 229 PIP. See Phonation instability pressure
Phlegm, 155, 297 Pitch, 180–182
Phonation evaluation of, 147
aerodynamics. See Aerodynamics, phonatory factors that affect, 47
inputs for, 43–46 issues with control of, 335
loudness, 48–49 lowering of, 47–48
phonatory control, 47–50 range of, 282
physiology, 31–32 vibrato and, 181–182
pitch, 47–48 Pitch pipe, 146
Reynolds number, 44, 45 Place theory, of pitch, 181
supraglottal resonance, 46 Pliny the Younger, 32
vocal fold biomechanics, 45–46, 46 Polyps
voice quality, 49–50 laryngeal, 359
Phonation instability flow, 50–51 nasal, 391
Phonation instability pressure, 50–51 vocal fold. See Vocal fold(s), polyps of
Phonation threshold flow, 50 Pop singers, 272, 292
Phonation threshold pressure, 44, 50, 168 Postmenopausal women, 267
Phonetography, 175. See also Voice range profile Postnasal drip, 196
Phone triage, for vocal emergencies, 259–260 Postoperative care
Phoniatrists, 5, 412 career resumption, 400
Phonosurgery. See Microlaryngoscopic surgery; complications/delays, 404
Surgery lingual neuropraxia, 404

Phonotrauma medications used in, 402
scarring and, 310 protocol
shouting as cause of, 51 stage 1, 398
vocal fold nodules as cause of, 158, 159 stage 2, 398–399
Phrasing, 189 stage 3, 399–400
Physiology. See also Hormone(s) stage 4, 400
arytenoid movement, 33 rehabilitation, vocal, 399
Bernoulli effect, 40, 41 secondary care, 400
Bernoulli principle, 40 singing voice specialists in, 404
455
Index
speech-language pathologist in, 399, 404 telepractice, 419–420

stroboscopy, 404 three As/Cs, 409
treatment strategies, 397 voice care team members
voice rest, 399 acting-voice specialists, 413, 418
Posture, 147, 189, 280, 336–337 informed consent by, 424
PPI. See Proton pump inhibitors laryngologists, 410–411
Practice. See Professional voice practice medical assistants, 414
Praise team singer, 295 medical consultants, 414–415
Prednisone, 228, 229 nurses, 413–414
Prefrontal cortex, 11, 12 otolaryngologists, 410–411
Pregnancy, 196 phoniatrists, 412
Premenstrual voice syndrome, 59–64 physician assistants, 414
Presbylarynges, 89–92, 90, 265 psychological professionals, 417, 423
Presbyphonia, 89, 94, 156. See also Aging singing voice specialists, 412–413
Professional singers. See also Singer(s) speech-language pathologists, 411–412, 415–416
acute illness of, 261, 263 voice scientists, 413
cancellation of performance, 4, 209–210, 211, 262 Progesterone, 56–57, 60–61, 195–196
case reports of, 214–215 Proton pump inhibitors, 158, 198, 201–202, 204,
definition of, 3 231, 259, 402
demands on, 209 Prozac, 352
disorders in, 217, 219 Pseudo-cysts, 158–159, 159
evaluative studies of, 215–221, 216–221 “Pseudo-sulcus,” 199
illness of, 209, 217, 261, 263 Psychiatric disorders, 272
medical examination of, 213 Psychoactives, 229
preperformance habits of, 214 Psychological professionals, 417, 423
psychophysical reserves of, 212 Psychophysics, 180
regression of, 212 Psychotherapy, music, 17
stress situation in, 212–213 PTF. See Phonation threshold flow
surgery for, 385–392 PTP. See Phonation threshold pressure
vocal emergency in, 210 Puberty, 55–57
voice doctor and Public health measures, 271
equipment used by, 213–214 Pulmonary disease, 269–270
treatment role of, 210–212, 221–222 Pulsatilla, 244, 246
Professional speakers, 334–335 Pulsed KTP laser, 382
Professional vocalists Pure tones
description of, 3 frequency of, 182
surgery for, 385–392 loudness of, 182–183
Professional voice, 5. See also Voice PVFM. See Paradoxical vocal fold motion
Professional voice practice. See also Medical-legal PVHI. See Pediatric Voice Handicap Index
considerations PVOS. See Pediatric Voice Outcome Survey
building of, 417–419 PVRQOL. See Pediatric Voice-Related Quality-of-Life
clinic models of, 415–416 Pygeum africanum, 242
communication as part of, 416–417

community outreach, 417
Q
compassion, 417
competencies of, 410–415 Quality of life, 127–130. See also Voice Handicap
confidentiality, 424 Index
Healthcare Information Privacy and Portability
Act and, 418, 424
R
listening skills, 423
overview of, 409 Rabeprazole, 201, 228
referrals, 418–419 Ranitidine, 201, 202
Rap performers, 293 Rehearsals, 289

Recital singer, 290 Reinke’s edema
Recreational music making, 16–17 in commercial contemporary singers, 310
Recurrent laryngeal nerve surgery and, 358, 370
anatomy of, 34, 37–38, 38 Reinke’s layer, 156
surgery-related injuries of, 272, 387–388 Reinke’s space, 229, 256, 381
vocal fold paresis secondary to injury of, 152 Relaxation training, 346
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, juvenile, 81, Resonance
82 description of, 188
Reeve, Christopher, 32 hyponasal, 389
Reflux loft, 288
behavioral treatment for, 200–201 physiology of, 288
body defense mechanisms and, 195 supraglottal, 46
body mass index and, 195 Resonance tract, 107
candidates for, 195 Respiratory control, 280
cigarette smoke and, 201 Response proclivity, 180
clinical manifestations, 196–199 Rest. See Vocal rest
in commercial contemporary singers, 306 RFS. See Reflux Finding Score
diagnosis of, 196–197 Rheumatoid arthritis, 266
esophagoscopy evaluations, 200 Rhinolalia, 176
gastroesophageal. See Gastroesophageal reflux; Rhinophonia, 175–176
Gastroesophageal reflux disease Rhythmic auditory stimulation, 16
hoarseness caused by, 126 Rhytidectomy, 388
laryngeal findings associated with, 198 RLN. See Recurrent laryngeal nerve
laryngopharyngeal. See Laryngopharyngeal RMM. See Recreational music making
reflux Robbins, Anthony, 249
meal timing and, 196, 201 Rock singers, 292
overview, 193–194, 203–204 Ronstadt, Linda, 265
performers’ risk for, 196 RRP. See Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis,
pregnancy and, 196 juvenile
in professional singers, 218 RSI. See Reflux Symptom Index
reflux laryngitis, 158 Rubens type, 65
secondary complaints, 197
symptoms of, 197
S
testing for, 195, 199–200
treatment of “s,” 322–323
medical, 201–202 Sacks, Oliver, 8
medications, 201–202, 226 Salimpoor, Valerie, 8
Nissen fundoplication, 203, 203 Salivary gland surgery, 388
surgical, 203, 203 Saraswati, Dayananda, 4
24-hour pH probe testing, 195, 199–200 Sarcoidosis, 266
Reflux Finding Score, 198 Sarcopenic change, 90, 92
Reflux laryngitis Saw palmetto, 242

description of, 158 Scaling, 182
illustration of, 158 Scratchy voice, 126
treatment, 158 SD. See Spasmodic dysphonia
Reflux Symptom Index, 196, 197, 198 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 229, 352
Regional anesthesia, 392 Self, 21
Registers. See Vocal registers Semioccluded vocal tract exercises, 96–97, 283–284
Rehabilitation Sensory capability, 180
music’s use in, 15–16 Septoplasty, 391
vocal fold scarring, 311–312 Serotonin, 14
457
Index
Sertraline, 352 recital, 290

Sex hormones, 55–56 rock, 292
SF-36, 128 semioccluded vocal tract exercises for, 96–97
Shortness of breath, 14 soul, 293
Sickness, 271–272 studio musicians as, 296
Sight reading, 12 vocal exercise for, 95
Signal-to-noise ratio, 172 voice training of
Singer(s). See also Professional singers benefits of, 280
age-related voice changes in goals for, 279
body alignment, 98 rationale for, 280–281
changing expectations secondary to, 98–99 respiratory control through, 280
menopause, 98 Singer/actors, 332
overview of, 95–96 Singer’s formant, 49, 170, 171, 184, 188, 390
unstable vibrato, 97 Singing. See also Choral music; specific singing
vocal fold atrophy, 96–97 labels
vocal fold elasticity, 97 acoustics evaluation during, 147
backup, 296 body/voice connections, 331
baritone, 65, 187–188 breath support, 316
baroque, 294 classical, 103–104, 113
bass, 65, 187–188 complementary and integrative medicine. See
blues, 292–293 Complementary and integrative medicine
Broadway, 290–291 after endotracheal intubation, 387
calling in sick by, 271–272 evaluation of voice during, 301–302
cantorial, 293–294 Fachs, 187, 279, 290, 291
choral, 285, 294, 294–295 maximum phonation time, 166
classical. See Classical singers non-Western style of, 113
club, 295–296 normalized amplitude quotient, 167
concert, 290 observation during, 147–148
country-western, 292 opera, 182
demands on, 209 pathologic conditions that affect, 157–161. See
description of, 4 also specific conditions
examination of saliva stimulating agents, 226
complaint and, 144–145 singer’s self-perception during, 191, 191–192
fiberoptic laryngoscopy, 149–153 tasks of, 331–332
Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Singing power ratio, 172, 173
Strain scale, 145 Singing range
laryngoscopy, flexible, 145 assessment of, 282
larynx palpation, 148–149, 148–149 expectations for, 187
listening to voice, 145–146 self-perception of, 282
medical history, 213 Singing teacher, 5
neck palpation, 148–149, 148–149 Singing voice. See also Singer(s); Voice
singers as patients, 143–144 assessment of, 282–283
tasks included in, 213 of backup singers, 296

videostrobolaryngoscopy, 153–157 of baroque singers, 294
voice observation during singing, 147–148 of blues singers, 292–293
folk, 292 breath management, 147, 191–192, 280, 283
hip-hop, 293 of Broadway singers, 290–291
jazz, 292 of cantorial singers, 293–294
opera, 289–290 of choral singers, 294, 294–295
pop, 272, 292 in choruses, 294
praise team, 295 of club singers, 295–296
rap, 293 of country-western singers, 292
Singing voice (continued) SOVT exercises. See Semioccluded vocal tract

development of exercises
artistic, 281–282 Spasmodic dysphonia, 36, 150
in children, 281–282 Speakers, professional, 334–335
hormonal influences on, 54–56 Speaker’s formant, 188
physiological influences on, 279–280 Speaking voice, 120
flexibility in, 285, 287 Spectrograms, 169–170, 170
of folk singers, 292 Speech-language pathologist
of gospel singers, 295 postoperative care, 399, 404
of hip-hop singers, 293 preoperative counseling by, 386
injury avoidance in, 296 in professional voice practice, 5, 411–412,
of jazz singers, 292 415–416
lubrication of, 296–297 in rehabilitation of singer, 302–303
of opera singers, 289–290 singer’s voice evaluation, 301–302
of pop singers, 292 vocal fold nodules and, 159
of praise team singers, 295 Speech rehabilitation, 15–16
range of, 282 Spinto, 187
of rap performers, 293 Spirit-body-mind connection, 111–112
of recital singers, 290 SSRIs. See Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
of rock singers, 292 St. John neuromuscular therapy, 249–250, 252
of soul singers, 293 St. John’s wort, 244
of studio musician singers, 296 Staccato, 97, 282
Singing Voice Handicap Index, 130, 138–139 Staphylococcus aureus, 231
Singing Voice Handicap Index-10, 130, 130, Stenosis, laryngotracheal, 194
132–133, 140 Steroid inhalers, 157
Singing voice specialists Steroids. See Corticosteroids
in assessment, 126 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 231
definition of, 104, 336 Stress, 212–213
description of, 5 Stress release exercise, 108, 109
overview, 412–413 Stroboscopy. See also Videostrobolaryngoscopy
postoperative care, 404 analysis uses of, 302
Sinusitis, 267–268 postoperative, 404
Sitzprobe, 289 vascular ectasias, 160
Sjögren’s syndrome, 195, 226 vocal fold nodules, 158–159
Skull base surgery, 388 Strohbass sound, 49
Sleep apnea, obstructive, 269, 390, 390–391 Stroke, 270–271
SLN. See Superior laryngeal nerve Studio musicians, 296
SLP. See Speech-language pathologist Subglottal pressure, 44–45, 168, 168
Smoking, 297, 310 Subglottal webs, 74
Social anxiety, 345, 350 Subglottic atresia, 73, 74
Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Nurses Subglottic stenosis, congenital, 73, 74, 83, 84
(SOHN), 414 Substance abuse, 272
Sonagrams. See Spectrograms Sulcus vocalis, 158, 161, 358

Soprano Superficial lamina propria, 256–257
passagio points, 188 Superior laryngeal nerve
range expectations, 187 anatomy of, 38
Sopranos, 65 description of, 37
Soul singer, 293 injury to, 152, 272, 387
Sound production Superior thyroid horn, 149
anatomy involved in, 106, 106–107 Supraglottal resonance, 46
physiology of, 105, 105 Supraglottal vortices, 280
459
Index
Surgery, 159. See also Microlaryngoscopic surgery; otolaryngologists, 410–411

Postoperative care phoniatrists, 412
of abdomen, 391–392 physician assistants, 414
adenoid, 389–391 psychological professionals, 417, 423
aging voice treated with, 99 singing voice specialists, 412–413
airway management during, 385–387 speech-language pathologists, 411–412, 415–416
anesthesia for, 363, 385–387, 392 voice scientists, 413
aortic arch, 388 Teeth, 68
candidacy determination, 357–364 Telepractice, 419–420
carotid endarterectomy, 388 Telithromycin, 228
of chest, 387–388 Temporal theory, of pitch, 181
of chest wall, 391–392 Tenors
of head, 387–388 obesity in, 65
informed consent, 361–362 passagio points, 188
instrumentation, 364 range expectations, 187
laparoscopic, 392 Tessitura, 188
mastoidectomy, 388 Testing
mediastinal, 388 esophagoscopy, 200
microanatomy planning, 363–364 impedance, 200
of musculoskeletal system, 392 24-hour pH probe testing, 195, 199–200
of neck, 387–388 Theater. See Acting; Musical theater
Nissen fundoplication, 203, 203 Therapeutic instrumental music performance, 16
of nose, 391 Throat clearing, 93, 196
obstructive sleep apnea treated with, 390, Throat lozenges, 297
390–391 Thyroarytenoid muscle
for performers, 272–273 anatomy of, 35, 45, 46, 48, 92, 106, 106
planning for, 362–363 semioccluded vocal tract exercises for, 96–97
for professional vocalists, 385–392 Thyroepiglotticus muscle, 35
septoplasty, 391 Thyrohyoid distance, 148, 148
singer’s expectations and, 360 Thyroid binding globulin, 69
skull base, 388 Thyroid cartilage
tonsillectomy, 389–390 anatomy of, 32–34
of upper chest, 387–388 flexibility of, 75
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, 390, 390–391 in infants, 73
of vocal tract, 389–390, 389–391 Thyroid gland, 55, 230
Voice Handicap Index and, 357–358, 362, 369 Thyroid hormones
SVHI. See Singing Voice Handicap Index aging and, 69–70
SVS. See Singing voice specialists description of, 54
vocal register affected by, 55
Thyroplasty, 99
T
Timbre
Taylor, Jill, 112 description of, 49, 183–187
TBG. See Thyroid binding globulin estrogen effects on, 59

Team, voice care Tobacco, 195, 201, 271, 297
acting-voice specialists, 413, 418 Tone chroma, 181
description of, 5, 424 Tone height, 181
informed consent by, 424 Tongue
laryngologists, 410–411 muscles of, 111
medical assistants, 414 positioning of, 111
medical consultants, 414–415 vocal fatigue and, 107
nurses, 413–414 Tonsillectomy, 268–269, 389–390
Tonsillitis, 268, 268–269, 390 VASTA. See Voice and Speech Trainers Association
Tonsils, 389, 389 VC. See Vital capacity
Tracheotomy, 82 VELO. See Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Effects on
Training. See also Voice training Life Outcomes
actor/singers, 330–331 Velopharyngeal insufficiency, 80–81, 269, 389
breathing, 336–337 Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Effects on Life
facial/head muscles, 337 Outcomes, 81
laryngeal, 337 Vestibular nerve injury, 388
posture, 336–337 VHI. See Voice Handicap Index
in registers, 337–338 Vibration therapy, 284
singer/actors, 330–331. See also Musical theater Vibrato
velopharyngeal port musculature, 337–338 acceptable frequency of, 97
Treatment. See also Music therapy acoustics, 170
of aging voice, 70–71 in choruses, 294
cognitive-behavioral therapy, 252, 350–351 perceptual assessment and, 186
for high voice in adolescents, 57 pitch and, 181–182
hydration problems, 157 unstable, 97
of laryngitis, 157 Videostrobolaryngoscopy. See also Stroboscopy;
of laryngopharyngeal reflux, 200–204 Videostroboscopy
neuromuscular therapy, 17, 249–250, 252 candidacy, 153
office-based procedures. See Office-based indications for, 153
procedures interpretation, 154–156, 155
overview of, 5 parameters, 152–154, 154
of performance anxiety, 349–352. See also singer examination using, 153–157
Performance anxiety Talbot’s law and, 153
postoperative strategies, 397 vocal fold nodules, 158–159
reflux, 200–203. See also Reflux vocal polyps, 160
reflux laryngitis, 158, 231–232 Videostroboscopy, 78, 260, 357–358, 362
vocal fold cysts, 309 Viscosity, 46
vocal fold nodules, 309 Vital capacity, 166
vocal rest as, 157 Vitamin C, 230
voice reeducation, 157 Vocal coaching
Triamcinolone, 228 examples, 322–323
Trotter, Robert, 113 overview, 319–320
vocal tension exercises. See Vocal tension,
exercises for
U
Vocal efficiency, 169
Ulcer, laryngeal, 194 Vocal emergencies
Uncaria tomentosa, 246 acute asthma exacerbation, 259
Unlimited Power (Robbins), 249 acute edema on chronic fibrovascular change,
Upper chest surgery, 387–388 258
Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), 231, 246, acute laryngitis, 256–258, 258
258–259. See also Laryngitis algorithm for, 263

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, 390, 390–391 allergic rhinitis, 259
antihistamines for, 262
cancellation of performance because of, 262
V
corticosteroids for, 261
Vaccinations, 271 decongestants for, 262
Vagus nerve, 65, 387 equipment used to evaluate, 260–261
Valium, 352 evaluation site for, 259–260
Varix, 158 functional dysphonia, 259
Vasoconstrictors, 270 history-taking, 255
461
Index
humidification for, 261 nodular diathesis of, 155

hydration for, 261 nodules of
laryngopharyngeal reflux. See assessment of, 155, 361
Laryngopharyngeal reflux characteristics of, 158, 304
management of, 261, 263 in children, 73, 79, 80, 273
mucolytics for, 262 chronic, 361
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for, in classical singers, 309
261–262 in commercial contemporary singers, 304,
office evaluation of, 260 307–308, 309
on-site evaluation of, 260 description of, 358
phone triage for, 259–260 dysphonia in children caused by, 79, 80
treatment of, 261–262, 263 illustration of, 304
upper respiratory tract infection, 258–259 in laryngopharyngeal reflux, 194
vocal fold hemorrhage, 256, 256, 262 management of, 309
vocal fold mucosal tear, 256, 257, 262 overview, 158–159
Vocal fatigue, 107, 280 phonation affected by, 50
Vocal fold(s) oscillation variations, 156
acute laryngitis effects on, 258 paradoxical vocal fold motion, 80
aging and, 68–70, 97 paralysis of
ankylosis of, 151 case example of, 4
atrophy of, 26, 90–91, 90–91, 96–97 in children, 82
biomechanics of, 45–46, 46 description of, 387
bowing of, 89–90, 152 in elderly, 95
capillary supply, 36 paresis versus, 152
cricothyroid muscle and, 106, 106 paresis of
cysts of in commercial contemporary singers, 308
in children, 79, 80 description of, 151–152
in commercial contemporary singers, 305–307 diagnosis, 152
overview, 309 in elderly, 95
pseudo-cysts, 158–159, 159 paralysis versus, 152
therapy, 309 polyps of
dysfunction of, 80 in classical singers, 309
edema of, 60, 63, 305–308 in commercial contemporary singers,
elasticity of, 97 306–308, 309
in elderly, 91 differential diagnosis of, 158–160
granuloma of, 306, 360, 361 illustration of, 403
hemorrhage of, 62, 256, 256, 262, 305–307 videostroboscopic examination of, 215
hypothyroidism and, 230 pseudo-cysts, 158–159, 159
illustration of, 401 scars of
immobility of, in children, 81–83 description of, 158
inflammation of, 266 illustration of, 303
injection medialization of, 380, 380–381 intubation as cause of, 273
keratosis, 158 rehabilitation of, 311–312

laryngitis effects on, 258 spectrograph of, 311
layers of, 41, 43 stiffness of, 45
lesions of sulcus vocalis, 158, 161, 358
assessment, 130, 131 thyroarytenoid muscle and, 106, 106
voice range affected by, 50 ultrastructure, 36, 37
leukoplakia, 305, 307 vascular ectasias, 160
mass lesions of, 360 vibration physiology, 41
mucosal bridges, 158 vibratory amplitude of, 156
mucosal tear of, 256, 257, 262 voice range affected by, 50
Vocal hygiene, 77, 386, 427–428 prolonged, reasons for, 126

Vocalis muscle, 34, 35 Vocologist, 367
Vocal misuse, 317, 320 Voice. See also Female voice; Male voice; Singing
Vocal pedagogy, 5 voice
Vocal registers disordered, retraining of, 335–336
thyroid hormones’ effect on, 55 environmental influences on, 126
training in, 337–338 flexibility in, 285, 287
Vocal registration exercises, 288 injured, retraining of, 335–336
Vocal rest lubrication of, 296–297
acute laryngitis treated with, 258 medication effects on, 214
laryngitis, 157 overuse of, 126
postoperative, 399 overview, 3–4
vocal fold hemorrhage treated with, 256, 262 posture effects on, 280
vocal fold mucosal tear treated with, 256, 262 quality of, 49–50, 186
vocal tension treated with, 325–326 retraining of, 335–336
Vocal styles tonsillectomy effects on, 389–390
body-mind-spirit connection, 111–112 vortices that affect the quality of, 280
classical, 112, 113–114 Voice and Neurosis (Moses), 28
contemporary commercial music, 103, 112, 112 Voice and Speech Trainers Association, 413
musical theater, 118–120 Voice balancing exercise, 110, 110
non-Western style, 113, 118 Voice classification, 187–188. See also specific
overview, 103–105 singing labels
sound production, 105, 105 Voice clinic models, 415–416
speaking voice, 120 Voice disorders
subcategories of, 113–114 in children, 73, 80
Western style, 113 hyperfunctional, 152
Vocal tension. See also Muscle tension dysphonia maladaptive compensation of, 152
description of, 47 Voice doctor
exercises for equipment used by, 213–214
constructive rest, 325–326 treatment role of, 210–212
description of, 286 Voice Foundation, 28, 411
imagery exploration, 326–327 Voice Foundation Newsletter, 411
language precision, 326 Voice Handicap Index
monotone delivery, 326 development of, 129–130
nasality, 324 in elderly, 89
neck/shoulder tension, 325–326 pediatric, 78
raspy sound, 324 sample, 135–136
soft palate tightness, 324 surgery and, 357–358, 362, 369
support improvement, 324–325 Voice Handicap Index-10, 130, 137
tongue root tension, 324 Voice range, 50–51, 96
jaw tension, 323–324 Voice range profile, 50, 50, 175. See also
muscle tension, 346 Phonetography
neck/shoulder tension, 325 Voice-related quality of life, 89, 93

tongue root, 323 Voice Symptom Scale, 130, 130
Vocal tract Voice training. See also Training
anatomy of, 389 Alexander technique, 317–318, 320–322
surgery of, 389–390, 389–391 backup singers, 296
Vocal training. See Voice training baroque singers, 294
Vocal warm-up benefits of, 280
acoustics and, 172 blues singers, 292–293
ascending-descending, 286 breath management, 283
importance of, 280 Broadway singer, 290–291
463
Index
cantorial singers, 293–294 Von Leden, Hans, 26

choral singers, 294, 294–295 Vowel exercises, 284
club singers, 295–296 Vowel formant frequency, 183
country-western singers, 292 Vowel quality, 183
exercise physiology in, 287 VRP. See Voice range profile
exercises used in, for vocal tension V-RQOL. See Voice-related quality of life
constructive rest, 325–326 VSL. See Videostrobolaryngoscopy
imagery exploration, 326–327
language precision, 326
for monotone delivery, 326 W
nasality, 324 Wallenberg syndrome, 270
neck/shoulder tension, 325–326 Wernicke’s area, 11, 12
for raspy sound, 324 Western singers, 292
soft palate tightness, 324 Western style
support improvement, 324–325 of classical music, 113
tongue root tension, 324 of opera, 170
folk singers, 292 White, Maurice, 265
goals for, 279 Wobble, 182
gospel singers, 295 Work environment, 271
hip-hop singers, 293 World Health Organization, 127
jazz singers, 292
opera singer, 289–290
overview of, 316–317 X
pop singers, 292
Xanax, 352
praise team singers, 295
Xerostomia, 226
psychophysical voice aspects, 318–319
rationale for, 280–281
recital singer, 290 Y
respiratory control through, 280
rock singers, 292 Young Artist Program (YAP), 289
semioccluded vocal tract exercises for, 96–97,
283–284
Z
soul singers, 293
studio musician singers, 296 Zatorre, Robert, 8
vibration therapy, 284 Zicam, 246
vocal coaching overview, 319–320 Zinc, ionized, 246
Volume disturbances, 126 Zoloft, 352

The Performer's Voice - (Index)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Performer's Voice - (Index)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Index

Note: Page numbers in bold reference non-text material.

vocal coaching overview, 319–320 edema in, 91–92

AGMA. See American Guild of Musical Artists vocal ligament, 34

hyoid bone, 32 medical-legal considerations and, 422–423

Astragalus membranaceus, 247 Bonny method of guided imagery and music, 18

Birth cry, 3 vocal fold pathologies in singers, 305–308

Cevimeline, 228 Chronic laryngitis, 29, 152–153, 194, 200

vocal performers, 78 chelated minerals, 247

neurolinguistic programming, 249, 252 lock of, 148

CPAP. See Continuous positive airway pressure in elderly, 93–94

menstrual cycle effects on, 57, 58, 63–64 Glandular cells, 58

Gate control theory, 14 Cordyceps sinensis, 246

Herbs/herbal therapies (continued) Hormonal therapy, 99

Hoarse, 49 Informed consent, 361–362, 368–369, 422

Intubation, endotracheal impedance testing of, 200

Laryngitis sicca, 157 isometric tension of, 149

Larynx (continued) Ma huang, 244

LPR. See Laryngopharyngeal reflux cetirizine, 225

diuretics, 195, 229 triamcinolone, 228

ranitidine, 201 Mind-spirit-body connection, 111–112

MTD. See Muscle tension dysphonia styles of, 112–113, 118–120

non-Western style, 113, 118 Neuroimmunopsychology, 249

Nicotine supplements, 233 PD. See Parkinson’s disease

PAMA. See Performing Arts Medicine Association reflux risk, 196

Performance anxiety (continued) body-cover theory, 41–43

Surgery lingual neuropraxia, 404

speech-language pathologist in, 399, 404 telepractice, 419–420

communication as part of, 416–417

Rap performers, 293 Rehearsals, 289

Reflux laryngitis Saw palmetto, 242

Sertraline, 352 recital, 290

tasks included in, 213 of backup singers, 296

Singing voice (continued) SOVT exercises. See Semioccluded vocal tract

Sonagrams. See Spectrograms Sulcus vocalis, 158, 161, 358

Surgery, 159. See also Microlaryngoscopic surgery; otolaryngologists, 410–411

TBG. See Thyroid binding globulin estrogen effects on, 59

258–259. See also Laryngitis algorithm for, 263

humidification for, 261 nodular diathesis of, 155

keratosis, 158 rehabilitation of, 311–312

Vocal hygiene, 77, 386, 427–428 prolonged, reasons for, 126

neck/shoulder tension, 325 Voice-related quality of life, 89, 93

cantorial singers, 293–294 Von Leden, Hans, 26

You might also like