Introduction to

Machine learning Machine

Learning(ML)
Course Code:CS467
Dr. Muhammad Abid
Assistant Professor
Govt: Postgraduate
College Kohat
 Introduction to Course
2

 In this course we will go back to mathematics

and study statistics, and how to calculate
important numbers based on data sets.
 We will also learn how to use various Python
modules to get the answers we need.
 And we will learn how to make functions that
are able to predict the outcome based on
what we have learned.
 What is machine learning?
3

 Machine learning adapts to the user based on data

 Online shopping(visiting amazon for 1st time, Machine is learning at
that time and the 2nd time when u r visiting he will give you some
recommendations etc.)
 Machine learning is a sub-field of artificial intelligence. Its goal is
to enable computers to learn on their own.

 “A computer program is said to learn from experience E with

respect to some task T and some performance measure P, if its
performance on T, as measured by P, improves with experience E.”
“Tom Mitchell”
 Defining the Learning Task
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 Improve on task T, with respect to performance metric P, based on

experience E
 An agent solves a task T, Performance P and gain some experience
E
 For example: Playing checker game

 T: Playing checkers
 P: Percentage of games won against an arbitrary opponent
 E: Playing practice games against itself

Hand written recognition Problem

 T: Recognizing hand-written words
 P: Percentage of words correctly classified
 E: Database of human-labeled images of handwritten words
 Defining the Learning Task
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 What is machine learning?
6

 Machine Learning is making the computer

learn from studying data and statistics.
 Machine Learning is a step into the direction
of artificial intelligence (AI).
 Machine Learning is a program that analyses
data and learns to predict the outcome.
 What is Learning?
7

 Herbert Simon: “Learning is any process by

which a system improves performance from
experience.”
 What is machine learning?
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 AI(It enables the machine to think)

 ML(It provides statistical

tools to explore the data)

 DL(Create architecture)
 Examples of tasks that are best solved
by using a learning algorithm
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 Recognizing patterns:
 Facial identities or facial expressions
 Handwritten or spoken words
 Medical images
 Generating patterns:
 Generating images
 Recognizing anomalies:
 Unusual credit card transactions
 Unusual patterns of sensor readings in a nuclear power
plant
 Prediction:
 Future stock prices or currency exchange rates
 Types of machine learning
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 Types of machine learning
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 Supervised learning: uses a series of labelled

examples with direct feedback
 Someone gives us examples and the right answer for those
examples
 We have to predict the right answer for unseen examples
 Reinforcement learning: indirect feedback, after
many examples
 We take actions and get rewards
 Have to learn how to get high rewards
 Unsupervised/clustering learning:
 We see examples but get no feedback
 We need to find patterns in the data
Thanks