Lesson 5-2: The Spanish American War Name: ___________________

I. The Coming of War

a. Cuba was one of Spain’s oldest _________ in the Americas. Its _____________ plantations generated
considerable wealth for Spain.
b. In 1868, Cuban rebels declared independence and launched a _________ war. Lacking internal support, the
rebellion ___________ a decade later. Many Cuban Rebels fled to the US, including their leader, ____ _____
c. By the early 1890s, US and Cuba had become closely linked ______________.In 1894, the US imposed a new
tariff on ______ that devastated Cuba’s economy, launching a new rebellion in 1895.
II. America Supports Cuba
a. When uprising began, President ___________ declared the US __________. News reports, in which writers
exaggerated or made up stories to attract readers, became known as ________ journalism.
b. To prevent villagers from helping the rebels, the Spanish herded 100,000s of men, women, and children into
“____________________ camps” where 10,000s died of starvation and disease
III. Call for War: In 1897, _________ became president; wanted to negotiate an _____ to the conflict; Spain offered
the Cubans ____________, but only if Cuba remained part of the Spanish Empire. The rebels refused
a. McKinley sent the battleship USS _______ to Havana protect Americans living there. Then, it ___________ in
Havana Harbor. To this day, no one is sure why the.. “Remember the _________!”
b. McKinley faced tremendous pressure to go to _____. Within the Republican Party, jingoism – aggressive
___________ - was very strong. On April 24, ______ declared war on the _______.
IV. A War On Two Fronts
a. The navy blockaded ______, & Commodore George _______, commander of the American naval squadron
based in _____ ______, was ordered attack Spanish fleet based in the ___________, then Spanish colony
V. The Battle of Manila Bay
a. They quickly _________ the Spanish fleet. The army assembled ______ troops to sail to Philippines – on the
way, the Americans also seized the island of _______, another Spanish possession
b. While waiting for troops to arrive, Dewey contacted ________ __________, a Filipino revolutionary leader.
VI. American forces in Cuba - Spanish – soldiers were weak and _____, and warships were _____.
a. US – army had recruited __________. One – a rough mix of ________, _______, and law officers known as
the “________ Riders”. Theodore __________ was second in command.
b. Some _______ US troops landed east of Santiago
c. The _______ Riders & AAs attacked, capturing of San Juan. On July __, American attacked, destroying every
Spanish vessel. Spanish in Santiago surrendered, leaving Americans to occupy nearby ________ _____ (PR)
VII. An American Empire
a. Americans debated what to do about their newly acquired lands. Cuba would receive its ______________ as
promised, and Spain agreed to annexation of ______ & _______ _______; big ? was the _____________.
VIII. The Debate over Annexation
a. Benefits: Another Pacific naval ______, a stopover on way to ______, and large _____ for American goods
b. Anti-Imperialist: Andrew _______ - cost of ______. Samuel _______ - head of AFL, worried that
______________ from cheap Filipino labor. Jane _______ & Samuel Gompers (Mark Twain) – imperialism
violated American _________.
c. President McKinley ultimatedly decided to ______ the islands.
d. 1898; Treaty of ______ ; Cuba independent, US acquired PR and Guam; paid Spain ___ mil for Philippines
IX. 1898: A Turning Point: Reputation US did not involve itself in ______ affairs shattered; US a World Power.
X. The Platt Amendment: Conditions to Cuban Constitution – 1) Cuba could not make any _______; 2) Cuba had to
allow US to buy/lease naval ______, 3) Cuba’s _____ had to be low; 4) US would have right to __________ -
remained in effect until its repeal in _______.
XI. Governing PR: In 1900, the _______ Act; establishing gov’t for PR. In _______, it granted PR US citizenship.
Debate continues today.
XII. Rebellion in the Philippines:
a. Emilio __________ ordered his troops to attack the American soldiers. The US military established
_________________ camps to separate guerillas from civilians, __________ died from disease & starvation
b. 1st Governor – William Howard _____ - tried to improve education, transportation, health care; these
________ slowly reduced Filipino hostility. In ______, they gained full independence from US.
XIII. The Economic Effects of the War
a. By 1904, had invested over _____ billion.
b. War had cost some ______ million – over ______ men had died in Spain, _____ died fighting Filipinos. The
spending helped stimulate parts of the economy related to __________________, though it also diverted
money from investment in other areas. But as a new ______ ________ with far-flung ______ and territories,
the US now needed a larger naval force to protect its power and ___________ its interests.