INTRODUCTION TO

COMMUNICATION

CHAPTER 1 – HOC2013
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 PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION.

TYPES & FORM OF COMMUNICATION.

CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION.

COMMUNICATION PROCESS & BARRIERS.

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 A process where messages are
transferred from a sender to
receiver, through the use of a
common system with the
intention of influencing another
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What is communication?
 3 essential points

● Involves people understanding how they are related to each other

● Involves shared meaning where people agree on the terms they
are using
● Symbolic – gestures, sounds, letters, numbers & words can also
represent ideas for communicating
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 . PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION
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 Purposes of Communication

● Conveying the right message to persons concerned

● Coordinating efforts of all those who are engaged in the business
● Development of managerial skills & understanding
● Maintaining good industrial relations
● Assessing effectiveness of policies, practices, behaviour &
procedures etc.
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 . TYPES & FORM OF COMMUNICATION
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 3 Basic Types

Verbal Non Written

verbal
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 Forms of Communication

1. Intrapersonal 2. Interpersonal
Communication in your internal being. Refers to how you talk Interaction between 2 or more people. It is in our everyday
to yourself. Thoughts, affirmations, mental notes. lives at nearly every moment.

3. Computer mediated 4. Interviewing

Email, text, instant messages, tweets, chats. All these forms are Involves question & answer. Through interview, we can learn
used socially & in the world of business. about others & their knowledge on different things.
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 Forms of Communication

5. Small group 6. Public speaking

Communicating in a group of 5-10 people. Less personal than Interaction between a speaker & an audience. The speaker’s
interpersonal communication; however, both utilize the same job is to inform or persuade the audience on what he/she is
basic skill set. trying to sell/market.

7. Mass 8. Organizational
The biggest form of communication. It involves sending a Various forms of communication that occur within an
message from one source to many receivers. organizational setting. It could be a multi-level corporation or a
small town bakery.
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 . CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION
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 3 CHANNELS

FORMAL IN UN
FORMAL OFFICIAL
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 FORMAL

● A formal channel – transmits information such as the goals,

policies & procedures of an organization
● Messages in this type of communication channel follow a chain of
command
● From higher level staff to lower level
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 INFORMAL

● Communication channel outside the hierarchy web.

● May disrupt the chain of command
● A good manager needs to find balance between formal and
informal communication channel
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 UNOFFICIAL

● The organization’s grapevine – where rumors circulate

● Those engaging in grapevines often form groups → friendships
outside of organization
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 METHODS OF COMMUNICATION - WRITTEN
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
● Provide written record ● Time consuming
● Proof of dispatch & receipt ● Expensive
● Can relay complex ideas ● Tends to be formal & impersonal
● Provides analysis, evaluation, ● Low possibility of instant feedback
summary ● Difficult to modify
● Easily duplicated ● No room for exchanging of ideas
● Able to confirm, interpret, clarify oral
communication
● Mass distribution/audience
● Used for future reference
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 METHODS OF COMMUNICATION – VERBAL/ORAL
ADVANTAGES
● Direct medium
● Physical nearness (within sight &
sound of sender & receiver)
● Easier to convince & persuade
● Allows contribution & participant
ability to view facial
expressions/attitudes
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DISADVANTAGES
● Difficult to hold your stand when
opposed
● Difficult to control large crowds
● Disputes may arise
● Low quality of decisions made (lack of
time)
● No written evidence
 METHODS OF COMMUNICATION – NON-VERBAL
ADVANTAGES
● Reinforces oral & written
communication
● Provides additional visual stimulus
● Simplifies written or oral words
● Quantifies ideas in number forms
● Illustrates techniques & procedures
● Provides visual records
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DISADVANTAGES
● Difficult to interpret without written
or spoken words
● Requires skills in understanding &
defining
● Expensive to produce
● High cost of distribution
● No time for evaluation
 . COMMUNICATION PROCESS
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 Elements of Communication Process

a. Communicator b. Message c. Transmission

The person who intends to The subject matter of The act of conveying the
communicate the message to communication message
other persons
d. Channel e. Receivers f. Response
The medium used to transmit The person whom the message Replying or reaction of
message is meant receiver
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 . COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
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 BARRIERS

PERCEPTION

EMOTION

LANGUAGE

INFORMATION OVERLOAD
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 BARRIERS

FILTERING

NOISE

INCONSISTENT VERBAL & NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

DISTRUST & REDUNDANCY

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 Thank you!
Do you have any questions?
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