WATER

WORKSHEET SOLUTIONS

FORMATIVE WORKSHEET
KEY
Q.no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Key B C A B B A A D B D C D A B C
Q.no 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Key D B A, C A C B C A A C A C B A A
Q.no 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

Key D A B C A B B, C A B D D C B A C
Q.no 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

Key C C D A D D C D D B A A C, D B, C A
Q.no 61 62

Key A, B B

HINTS / ANSWERS 7. (A) Dams –Hydroelectricity (Q)

1. Both assertion and reason are correct but reason is (B) Car radiators –Coolant (P)
not the correct explanation of assertion. Water is a (C) Distilled water –Soluble injectables (S)
compound as it cannot be separated into its (D) Reagent –Preparation of chemicals (R)
constituents elements by physical methods. 8. Water has no definite shape but takes the shape of
2. Statement ‘A’ is incorrect but ‘B’ is correct.As the container in which it is present.
water is a compounds, it is not possible to separate 9. We can obtain from distillation.
hydrogen and oxygen by any physical means. 10. Well water is an example of Underground water.
However, by chemical means it can be separated. 11. 97.4 % of the total water available on the Earth is in
3. (A) Egg – 73% (r) oceans.
(B) Milk – 85% (p) Only 0.01 % of the fresh water is available in the
(C) Dry cereals – 3 – 5% (s) form of lakes, rivers, underground water.
(D) Green vegetables – 90 % (q) 12. Ice changes to water at 0°C and water changes to
steat at 100°C.
13. Match the following:
4. (A) Natural water –Water present in lakes (p) (A) Water occurs in – Mist the free state in
(B)Distilled water – Water used in qualitative analysis liquid form in
(s) (B) Water occurs in – Carbohydrates the
(C) Pipe borne water – Water free from bacteria but gaseous form
(C) Water occurs in – Dew combined state
may contain essential mineral solutes (r)
in
(D)Chlorinated water – Water used in swimming pools (D) Treated water – Distilled water,
(q) Potable water
5. It has very low dielectric constant. 14. The water which contains large amounts of dissolved
6. Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is salts is called saline water.
the correct explanation of assertion.
12
15. Statement(S) and explanation (E) are both correct.
16. All the given statements are correct.
17. Both the given statements are correct.
18. Density of ice is less than that of water and
Temperature of lands [near the sea] is less than
Temperaure of lands[away from the sea]
19. Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is
the correct explanation of assertion.
20. Statement(S) and explanation (E) are both correct.
21. Both assertion and reason are correct but reason is
not the correct explanation of assertion.
22. A behaviour that goes against a general rule is said to
be anomalous.
Usually, the density of a substance in the solid state
is higher than that in the liquid state. Also, the
density of a liquid decreases as the temperature
rises. However, water shows a peculiar behaviour
below 4°C.The density of water is maximum (1 g/
mL) at 4°C, and lower at greater and lower
temperatures. Thus ice is lighter than water and
floats on it.
23. As is the case with other liquids, the boiling point of
water rises as the pressure is raised and decreases
as the pressure is lowered.
24. Pure liquid boils at lower temperature than sand
solution.
25. i) Dissolved solids
ii) Dissolved gases
26. Water acts as a purifier.As water consists dissolved
oxygen, it kills the germs and bacteria. So, Both
assertion and reason are correct and reason is the
correct explanation of assertion.
27. This is due to Sudden decrease of pressure on the
surface of water.
28. i) The amount of heat required to change one gram
of water at 100°C into one gram of steam at
100°C is called latent heat of vapourisation.
ii) The amount of heat liberated by 1 gram of water
at 0°C to form 1 gram of ice, at 0°C is called
latent heat of solidification.
iii) The fixed amount of heat absorbed by 1 gram
of water, when heated through 1°C is called
specific heat capapcity.
29. Calcium, Sodium and potassium displaces hydrogen
from water to form respective hydroxides in cold
conditions.
30. The hydrogen gas can be collected, if the sodium is
wrapped in a wire gauze.
31. Hydrogen gas is collected by downward displacement
of water.
32. Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is
the correct explanation of assertion.
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6th Class Chemistry
33. X = K, Y = Na and Z = Ca
34. Water turns white anhydrous copper [II] sulphate
blue.Water turns blue cobalt chloride paper pink.
35. Lead pipes are not used for carrying drinking water
because they are covered with a coating lead
carbonate.
36. A  q, B  r, C  p
37. Pure water is poor conductor of electricity
38. White phosphorus does not catch fire on heating in a
atmosphere of perfectly dry air. In the presence of
moist air, it burns to form phosphorus pentoxide. So,
we can say that water acts a catalyst.
39. (i) Pure water has no effect on litmus solution, i.e.,
it is neutral to litmus.
moisture
(ii) 2H 2  g  + Cl 2  g   
Sunlight
 2HCl  g 
(iii) Water is a stable compound, i.e., it does not
decompose on heating. At very high
temperatures (between 2000°C-3500°C), it
decomposes very slightly to form hydrogen and
oxygen.
40. All the given statements are correct.
41. Water turns white anhydrous copper [II] sulphate
blue.
42. Metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series displace
hydrogen from water.Metals below hydrogen in the
reactivity series do not displace hydrogen from water.
Diffused
43. C 2  g   H 2O    
light
 HC  aq   HCO  g 
44. ‘A’ is true, ‘B’ is false.
45. i) SO2(g) + H2O(l)  H2SO3
ii) P2O5(s) + 3H2O(l)  2H3PO4
iii) 2NO2(g) + H2O(l)  HNO2 + HNO3
iv) CO2(g) + H2O(l)  H2CO3
46. A  s, B  p, C  q, D  r
47. P  Al, Q  Fe, R  Zn
48. All the given statements are correct.
49. Mg(HCO )  3 2 MgCO 3   CO2   H2O
Magnesium bicarbonate Magnesium carbonate
50. The water pipes during winter are wrapped with
gunny bags or straw.Due to this wrapping, the
temperature of water within the pipes does not fall
below 0°C. So, Statement (S) and explanation (E)
are both correct
51. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the formation of
bicarbonates which cause temporary hardness of
water:
52. Temporarily hard water can be softened by boiling it.
When such water is heated, the bicarbonates of
calcium and magnesium are decomposed to the
Water 13

carbonates. Being insoluble, the carbonates precipitate 56. Ice bergs are very dangerous to ships.9/10 part of an
out. Ca(HCO 3 )2  CaCO3   CO 2   H 2 O ice berg is below the sea water and 1/10 above the
Calcium bicarbonate Calcium carbonate
sea water and we cannot estimate its size below
53. A sample of ground water, which instead of freely
water. So, Statements I and II are both true.
forming lather with soap solution, forms sticky scum
(or precipitate), is called hard water.
57. I f the ground water contai ns Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 or
Mg(HCO3)2 in it, it becomes temporarily hard.
54. Water pipes burst in winter where the climate is very
58. Hard water contains cations of Calcium a n d
cold. This is because when temperature outside falls
Magnesium.
below zero degree celcius, the water within the pipes
59. The anions present in hard water are Chlorides and
freezes. During freezing, ice expands, and exerts very
Sulphates
large pressure on the pipes and then bursts open.
60. The container in which zero cations present is called
55. (p) Hard water is unfit for raising steam in boilers,
Cation exchanger.
as a white deposit of salts sticks to the sides of
61. Hard water is unfit for d omestic purposesand
boiler and reduces boiling space.
Industrial purposes.
(q) Hard water is not suitable for dyeing clothes.
62. In laundries hard water is not used becausehard water
consumes too much soap.

CONCEPTIVE WORKSHEET
KEY
Q.no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Key A, B
C B C A C B B B B B, C B,C C B B,D
C, D
Q.no 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Key A B D D A C C C C C A C A A A
Q.no 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 (a) 44(b)
Key A,B
C A D B, C C C A A B C B, C D C A,B
C,D
Q.no 45 46
Key C B

HINTS / ANSWERS 9. The water which gets collected in lakes, ponds and
1. The amount of water content in the human body is puddles is surface water.
65%. 10. Water vapour is continuously added into the air by
2. Henry Cavendish proved that water can be prepared which of the following processes:
by igniting two volumes of hydrogen with one volume (i) Direct evaporation of water from water bodies
of oxygen. by the heat of sun.
3. Distilled waterwater is used for preparing soluble (ii) Release of water into the air by the leaves of
injectables. plants by the process of transpiration.
4. A. L. Lavoisier showed that water is a compound of (iii) Breathing of plants and animals
hydrogen and oxygen atoms combined together in the (iv) Burning of various kinds of fuels.
ratio of 2 : 1. 11. Water boils at 100°C and 1 atm pressure. The density
5. Both the statements are correct. of water is maximum at 4°C.
6. The reservoir of water over the hard, rock, below 12. At 0°C, water can exist in both solid and liquid forms.
the surface of earth is called underground water. 13. Water has maximum density at 4°C
7. The physical state of water in the glaciers and polar 14. It is the characteristic of a compound.
ice caps is solid. 15. (i) Water turns white anhydrous copper [II]
8. The present form of natural water is rain water. sulphate blue.
(ii) Water turns blue cobalt chloride paper pink.
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14 6th Class Chemistry

16. Pure water boils at 100°C 34. Water gas is obtained from Coke or charcoal + steam.
17. Water at different places have different taste. Due Diffused
35. C 2  g   H 2O    
light
 HC  aq   HCO  g 
to presence of dissolved salts provides a specific taste
to water. 36. Iron is more reactive than aluminium and zinc with
18. At higher pressure, the freezing point is slightly less steam.
37. K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > H > Cu
than 0°C.
19. Water has a very high specific heat capacity and > Ag.
hence it can absorb large amount of heat energy. 38. K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > H > Cu
20. Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is > Ag.
the correct explanation of assertion. 39. All the given salts makes water hard.
21. As is the case with other liquids, the boiling point of 40. Permanent hardness of water is removed by treating
water rises as the pressure is raised and decreases with washing soda (Na2CO3.10H2O). A solution of
as the pressure is lowered. washing soda is added to the water, and the
In a pressure cooker, food is cooked better and quicker carbonates of calcium and magnesium are
because the temperature of the boiling water inside precipitated.
the cooker, i.e., under pressure, is higher than 100°C, CaSO 4  Na 2 CO3  CaCO3   Na 2SO 4
calcium sodium calcium sodium sulphate
say 110°C or so. Surgical instruments are sterilized sulphate carbonate carbonate (in solution )
in an autoclave, which works on the same principle CaC 2  Na 2 CO3  CaCO3   NaC
sodium chloride
as a pressure cooker. At temperatures higher than calcium sodium calcium
(in solution )
chloride carbonate carbonate
100°C, the bacteria are killed. Sodium chloride formed will not make the water
22. Potassium, sodium and calcium reacts with cold water hard.
and liberates hydrogen gas. 41. Temporarily hard water can be softened by boiling it.
23. There wont be any change in their reactivity.
When such water is heated, the bicarbonates of
24. Metals more reactive than hydrogen, can displace
calcium and magnesium are decomposed to the
hydrogen from compounds containing hydrogen.
carbonates. Being insoluble, the carbonates precipitate
K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > H > Cu
out.
> Ag.
Ca(HCO3 )2  CaCO3   CO 2   H 2 O
So, copper and silver cannot displace hydrogen. Calcium bicarbonate Calcium carbonate

25. Magnesium reacts slowly with boiling water to form 42. Ice being lighter floats above the surface of water.
magnesium oxide and hydrogen. Ice is a bad conductor of heat.
43. The density of ice is less than that of water.
26. The reaction is less exothermic and proceeds
44 (a)It was hit by an ice berg.
smoothly, forming alkaline calcium hydroxide and
(b).Temporary hardness can also be removed when
hydrogen gas.
hard water is mixed with slaked lime in solid or liquid
27. Iron reacts reversibly with steam to form triferric
form. The bicarbonates present in the water are
tetroxide and hydrogen. This reaction is exothermic.
changed into carbonates. These are not soluble in
28. The decomposition of water molecule into its
water. So they form a residue at the bottom. By this
constituents using electric current is called electrolysis.
29. Electrolytic cell is used to split up the water molecule method temporary hardness of water can be removed
by electrolysis. and soft water is obtained.
30. Hydrogen at cathode and oxygen at anode. 45. The modern methods used for removal of permanent
31. Moisture. hardness are: Permutit process and Exchange of
32. Water (H2O)is the compound of hydrogen and oxygen ions process
33. Iron reacts reversibly with steam to form triferric 46. Sodium permutite formula: (Na2 Al2 Si2 O8 XH2O)
tetroxide and hydrogen. This reaction is also
exothermic.
[A reversible reaction never reaches completion.
This is because, the products formed are constantly
reacting to form the original reactants.]

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Water 15

SUMM ATIVE WORKSHEET

1. Food is not cooked properly at higher altitudes because the pressure at higher altitude is low, hence the boiling point
of water is low.
2. Washing soda (Na2CO3.10H2O), on exposure to the atmosphere loses its water of crystallisation partly or completely
to the atmosphere and changes into the white powder of sodium monohydrate (Na2CO3.H2 O).
3. The colour change is used to identify water.

Salt Anhydrous Hydrated Equation

Copper sulphate CuSO4 CuSO4.5H2O CuSO4.5H2O  CuSO4.5H2O
(White) (Blue) (White) (Blue)
Cobalt chloride CoCl2 CoCl2.6H2O CoCl2+6H2O  CoCl2.6H2O
(Blue) (Pink) (Blue) (Pink)
4. As copper is below hydrogen in the activity series, it
does not react with water at any temperature. So the HOTS WORKSHEET
answer is (d) i.e., copper (Cu).
1. LiH (H–) is H+ acceptor from H2O and changes to
5. a) Chlorine (Cl2) :
H2. Hence, LiH is a Lowery-Bronsted base.
Cl2  H 2 O 
 HCl  HClO 2. In ice, each molecule of H2O is surrounded by three
 Hydrochloric acid 
H2O molecules in hexagonal honey comb manner as
b) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) : shown in the structure. On the other hand in water,
each molecule is surrounded by four neighbouring
SO 2  H 2 O 
 H 2SO3
 Sulphurous acid  molecules randomly. This arrangement gives rise to
an open-cage like structure. There are evidently a
c) Sulphur trioxide (SO3) : number of ‘holes’ or open spaces. In such a structure
SO3  H 2 O 
 H 2SO 4 less number of molecules are packed per ml. When
Sulphuric acid  ice melts a large number of hydrogen bonds are
broken. The molecules, therefore, move into the holes
d) Carbon dioxide (CO2) :
or open spaces and come closer to each other than
CO2  H 2 O 
 H 2 CO3 they were in solid state. This results in the sharp
 Carbonic acid  increase in density. Thus, ice has lower density than
e) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) : water and there is contraction in volume. The
contraction continues from 0°C to 4°C as the
2NO 2  H 2 O 
 HNO 2  HNO3 hydrogen bonds are broken progressively. The density
 Nitrous acid   Nitric acid 
of water is maximum at 4°C.
6. The colourless liquid is water. 3. Mol. mass of CaCl2 = 111
7. The working principle of a pressure cooker is boiling Mol. mass of MgCl2 = 95
point of water increases on increase of pressure. 111 grams of CaCl2 = 100 grams of CaCO3
8. The cause for hardness of water is that Ca++ and 100
Mg++ ions react with Soap to form white curd-like  1 mg of CaCl2   1mg of CaCO3
101
precipitate instead of lather and thus the soap gets 95 grams of MgCl2 = 100 grams of CaCO3
wasted.
9. (C17 H35 COO)2 Ca, Calcium Stearate (white curd-
100
1 mg of MgCl2   1mg of CaCO3
like precipitate). 95
10. Temporary hardness is due to dissolved Bicarbonates = 1.05 mg of CaCO3
of calcium and magnesium. Thus, one litre of hard water contains (00.9 + 1.05) =
1.95 mg of CaCO3
11. Permanent hardness is due to soluble Chlorides and
One litre water = 103 grams = 106 mg
Sulphites of calcium and magnesium.
Degree of hardness = 1.95 ppm
12. During removal of hardness, free Mg++ and Ca++ are
removed from water.

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16 6th Class Chemistry

4. (a) 3Fes   4 H 2 O g   Fe3O 4s   4H 2 g 


(b) 2MnO 4aq.  4 H 2 Oaq.  3H 2SO 4

 2 MnSO4  5O2  8H 2 O  SO 42 
5. a) No; Cl– ions are removed by anion exchange.
b) No; Ca2+, Mg2+ ions are still present.

IIT JEE WORKSHEET

1. Heavy water is formed with an isotope of hydrogen
called deuterium. Its formula is D2O
2. Hard water consists of sulphates, chlorides,
carbonates and bicarbonates of calcium and
magnesium. Therefore, hardness of water is due to
Ca+2 and Mg+2 ions.
3. Permutit chemically is hydrated sodium aluminium
orthosilicate with the formula Na2Al2Sl2O8
4. When zeolite is treated with hard water, the sodium
ions are exchanged with Ca+2 ions of hard water as
follows :
Ca   Na 2 Al2Si 2 Oi  CaAl2Si 2 Oi  2Na 2 
 Calcium zeolite 
5. Calgon is Na2 [Na4(PO3)6]
6. Hardness of water is mainly due to sulphur, chloride,
carbonates and bicarbonates of calcium and
magnesium. Iron also at times contributes to the
hardness.
7. Ca +2
8. Temporary hardness of water is due to the presence
of dissolved bicarbonates of Ca and Mg.
9. Water exists in a liquid state due to its high boiling
point which is the result of the unique property of
hydrogen bonding
10. Water has maximum volume at 4°C and hence its
maximum density is also at 4°C (  3.89°C)
11. Permanent hardness of water is due to soluble
chlorides and sulphates of Ca and Mg.
12. Temporary hardness of water can be removed by
adding slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) which converts soluble
bicarbonates to insoluble carbonates.
Ca(HCO3) + Ca (OH)2 
 2CaCO3 + 2H2O



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