Book of Abstracts PDF

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
3rd World Clean Environment

Summit 2019
Theme:
Clean Environment for a Cleaner World
Venue: St. Xavier’s College, Ranchi, Jharkhand
19-20-21 August 2019
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7
Hosted by:
Department of Botany, St. Xavier’s College, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
In Association with:
International Benevolent Research Foundation (IBRF), Kolkata
West Bengal, India
In Collaboration with:
Confederation of Indian Universities (CIU), New Delhi
First Edition: August 2019
Copyright: International Benevolent Research Foundation, Kolkata
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7
Price: INR 100
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St. Xavier’s College, Ranchi
St. Xavier’s College, Ranchi is a Minority Educational Institution based on religion which is es-
tablished and maintained by the Ranchi Jesuit Province of the Society of Jesus. The College is
registered by the Ranchi Province under the local title ‘Xavier’s Ranchi’ under the Society’s Reg-
istration Act XXI of 1860.
The Society of Jesus is a Christian Religious Order founded by St. Ignatius Loyolo in 1540. Since
its foundation, the Jesuit Order, inspired by a Gospel vision of human beings and their destiny, has
contributed to the Christian service of education throughout the world. This vision drawn from the
life and teachings of Jesus Christ gives Jesuit educational institutions a recognizable character and
sets before their management, staff, students, parents and the community high ideals of life and
service which will inspire them continuously to strive to meet the emerging needs and challenges.
St. Xavier’s College is an educational institution, which strives to prepare men and women who
will build a more just and humane world. It strives to attain an intellectual endeavour that focuses
on critical and creative thinking, with the aim of social transformation. The College makes a pref-
erential option for the marginalised mass and it seeks to give an all-round formation, inculcating
both human and spiritual values. Competence, compassion and commitment are the hallmarks of a
human person we seek to encourage.
St Xavier’s College Ranchi recognised by the University Grants Commission under Sec. 2(f) of
UGC Act 1956. The College will abide by all the regulations of UGC notified from time to time. St
Xavier’s College Ranchi offers a wide range of programmes across disciplines and at various levels
of UG and PG programmes.
Confederation of Indian Universities (CIU), New Delhi
As we approach the Twenty first Century, a number of major challenges face women and men
around the world as they interact with one another as individuals, groups, and with nature. Global-
isation of trade, of production, and of communications has created a highly interconnected world.
Yet the tremendous gaps between the rich and the poor continue to widen both within, and between
nations. Sustainable development remains an elusive long-term goal, too often sacrificed for short-
term gains.
It is imperative that higher education offer solutions to existing problems and innovate to avoid
problems in the future. Whether in the economic, political, or social realms, higher education is ex-
pected to contribute to raising the overall quality of life, worldwide. To fulfil its role effectively and
maintain excellence, higher education must become far more internationalized; it must integrate an
international and intercultural dimension into its teaching, research, and service functions.
The most significant feature of education for mother earth protection in the 21st century is not so
much what the French call li explosion scolarie, but the knowledge explosion, which has expanded
the catchment areas of learning so fast that it takes only a few years now for the state-of-the-art
in any field to become obsolete. Different modes and types of communicating for advancement
of knowledge are fast changing and becoming more than sophisticated. In this technological era
knowledge can easily be dispensed technologically and electronically. Teachers and formal school
structures are becoming less important, and the conventional age limits on the learning process are
becoming blurred.
Viewing the urgent need for mutual and technical cooperation among the Universities in India,
exchange of information, export and import of educational know-how and consultancy, control
on duplication of efforts and wastage in higher education, vocationalisation of existing careers
besides strengthening the financial health of the existing Universities for implementing educational
programmes having social, cultural, technical, economic and positive contents for the optimum
development of our country, the “Confederation of Indian Universities (CIU)” has been established
with the co-sponsorship of selected university level institutions in India.
3rd World Clean Environment Summit ▪ August 19-20-21, 2019 ▪ St. Xavier's College, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
GROUP- A
Clean Environmental Mechanism and
Management
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 9

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 10

Right to Clean Air to Breathe – and the Air Quality of Kolkata

Tridib Bandopadhyay
Scientific & Environmental Research Institute, Kolkata
Abstract: The theme for World Environment Day, 2019 is ‘Beat Air Pollution’. The idea
is to garner actions to combat the global crisis for clean air to breathe. The World Health
Organization emphasized in Nov, 2018, every human is entitled to breathe clean air. On this
context, the air quality of Kolkata is being examined.
Kolkata is now pollution capital of India, replacing Delhi. According to 2016 study by
Centre for Science and Environment on ambient air quality, major source of air pollution in
Kolkata and adjoining areas is exponential growth of diesel vehicles since 2010. A study by
researchers of University of Kolkata in 2013 shows, in contrast to national trend, 65 percent
of new cars sold in Kolkata are diesel-driven. 99 percent of all commercially vehicles run
on diesel. In spite of all these numbers, which have now been in the public domain for over
a year, no measures are taken to curb diesel pollution in the city, while PM2.5 level goes
beyond 300, ‘very poor’ levels. Analysis of the official air quality index (AQI) revealed, for the
months November to February, Kolkata’s average AQI never came down below 300 parts per
million, while after the Court Order of 2015 banning diesel vehicles, Delhi’s air improved and
remained around 287 ppm. Even during the Christmas—New year festive season of 2018 -19,
Kolkata-air remained above 400 ppm mark, even at midnight. Kolkata’s AQI stood almost
twice as polluted compared with other metros like Mumbai (155), Chennai (127), Bangalore
(88) and Hyderabad (130) during the period. But situation in Kolkata is somewhat different
with more number of rainy and gentle breeze from the sea helped abate pollution. However,
green-cover and open space city come down, while old diesel vehicles’ fleet continued plying
despite court orders. Air quality betters on weekends, which proves the role of vehicles in
Kolkata’s air pollution. Present study looks into the causes for the present situation and the
options in hand.
Keywords: Pollution, Ambient Air Quality, Air Quality Index,
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 11

Study on Physico-Chemical Properties of Groundwater for the

Suitability of Drinking Purpose in Ranchi Township Area
Pragya Samridhi, Md. Pervej Alam*, Dipti Dungdung, Kumari Nirmala, Saima Perween,
Shafaque Mirza, Sona Kumari, Chandni Kumari, Manish Kumar, Pooja Kumari,
Vandana Kumari, Manoj Kumar, Bharti Singh Raipat
Department of Zoology, St. Xavier’s College, Ranchi
Abstract: “Water” is important and one of the needs of human beings to survive on this
global village. In this study 10 groundwater sample from wells and tube wells were collected
and analysed for several physico-chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity,
total dissolved solid, total hardness, Calcium ion, Magnesium ion, Sodium ion, chloride,
Fluoride, Sulphate and Iron. pH of the analysed water sample varied from 7.2 to 8.2 and it
indicates slightly alkaline nature of the sample water, the measured electrical conductivity
varies from 231 to 987 micro S/cm and TDS of all samples were falling in the category of
freshwater. Analyzed HCO3- ranges from 79-479 mg/l, Cl- ranges from 35-181.3 mg/l, K+
ranges from 1.5-18.3 mg/l , Mg2+ ranges from 6.8-46 mg/l, Ca2+ ranges from 21-168.4 mg/l.
Total hardness ranges from 108-592 mg/l. The iron content ranges from 0.06-6.3 mg/l. The
physical and chemical parameters of analytical results of groundwater were compared with
the standard guideline value recommended by the world health organization and Bureau of
Indian Standards. In majority of samples, the analyzed parameters are well within desirable
limits and water is potable for drinking purposes. But in some samples, parametres such as
Iron content, total hardness, HCO3-, Mg2+, Ca2+ exceed the desirable limit, therefore unfit for
drinking.
Keywords: pH; Total dissolved solids, Total Hardness
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 12

Phytoeconomics: An Approach In Phytoremediation With Economic

Return
Ashish Praveen* and Vishnu Shankar
Department of Botany, Markham College of Commerce (MCC), Hazaribag
Abstract: Phytoeconomics is a concept where phytoremediation is applied with an approach

to clean contaminants with some return in the form of valuable end products. The valuable
end product here means economic return (in terms of earnings). Phytoeconomics, as the
plants have products that can be sold and in addition it is also cleaning our environment.
The methods of phytoremediation involve the use of plants for cleaning contaminants.
It is cost effective and environment friendly (Abreu et al., 2008, 2012; Bech et al., 2012).
The increasing contamination of water, soils and crops in numerous countries like India,
Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, United States, Vietnam, Thailand, and
Europe has been reported (Pandey et al., 2011; Singh et al., 2015; Zheng and Ayotte, 2015).
Various ailments like skin lesions, cancers and other symptoms in people living surrounding
of hazardous contaminants has been observed (Dhankher, 2005; Mondal et al., 2006). This
has resulted in thousands of hectare lands contaminated with hazardous elements unfit
for agricultural utilization worldwide and leaving cultivators empty handed. During earlier
works in phytoremediation the aim of researchers was to find plants (edible and nonedible)
that remediate contaminants. Various plants (Pteris, Brassica etc.) were found that remove
contaminants from environment. Plants that were edible were also applied for remediation
but the problem came with the contaminants entering food chain and affecting human
health. So, the approach shifted to non-edible plants. In non-edible plants the search was
to select plants that have valuable end products (like, essential oil, biofuel etc.). Plants like
Vetiveria, lemon grass etc. are known to remediate contaminants and also yield valuable end
products (essential oil) that are safe for use. Zheljazkov and Jekov (1996) have reported very
low concentration of contaminats in essential oils and plant extracts from the genera Rosa,
Lavandula, Mentha, Salvia, Ocimum, Foeniculum, Coriandrum, Anethum, Hyssopus and Rhus.
The global demand of essential oils is continuously increasing and it is expected to reach the
mark of US$ 5 trillion by the end of year 2050 (Verma et al., 2014). Plants like Miscanthus
are known as energy crops (combustion and biofuel) and it also remediate contaminants.
In European countries it is in extensive use for energy production and phytoremediation.
Thus the approach of phytoremdiation with phytoeconomics will improve the socioeconomic
condition of the people living in such contaminated areas.
Keywords: Valuable end products, Phytoremediation, Energy crops, Essential oil
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 13

Acidocella Strain GS19h Harbours Multiple Plasmids and Showed

Considerable Tolerance to Certain Metals
Sajalendu Ghosh
Department of Zoology, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: Role of microorganism in the natural process of ore-leaching is a well known fact and
if manipulated through biotechnological approach can be established as an eco-friendly, cost
effective alternative, to reduce the growing burden of pollution comes from present chemical
processing of ores for metal recovery. Biohydrometallurgy or biomining is thus an emerging
area of wide applicability and has been practiced in a commercial scale in few countries
like Brazil, Ghana, Peru, Chile, Canada, Portugal and Australia. Since Biohydrometallurgy is
conducted at sufficiently low pH value, better understanding of the physiology and genetic
system of obligate acidophiles is of great impact to manipulate them properly. Along with
mostly studied genus Thiobacillus, comparatively less studied acidophilic heterotrophs
of genus Acidiphilium or even less studied genus Acidocella take part in leaching process
directly or indirectly. So studies on these bacteria gaining momentum to explore various
basic and applied research problems. One such area is the development of genetic system
of acidophilic bacteria of mine environment for genetic engineering of these microbes for
overall improvement in bioleaching operations. Strain GS19h of genus Acidocella has been
isolated from acidic soil of considerable depth taken from Sudra Copper mine of Jharkhand
and exhibits considerable tolerance to metals like Zn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Cu2+ ; extreme being for
Zn2+ and Cd2+ (MIC was 1M for each ion). Tolerance values to these metals for strain GS19h
is much higher than that reported for two other well studied species viz. A. aminolytica and A.
facilis of genus Acidocella. It is also to report that this strain GS19h contains three relatively
large sized plasmids (51.3, 24, and 19.5 MDa) and these extrachromosomal genetic elements
may be assigned for their enhanced resistance to the above mentioned metal ions. Curing
of plasmids by keeping the bacteria in very low temperature (-20o C) for long time leads to
metal sensitivity is an indirect proof of plasmid-borne metal resistance at least in the starin
GS19h of genus Acidocella. Further characterisation of each plasmid DNA and simultaneous
production of genetic vector system with that determinant, will surely pave a the new road to
explore and utilize this strain for efficient biomining in future.
Keywords: Biomining, MIC, Acidophiles, Heterotroph
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 14

Medicinal Plants as a Potential Source of Biopesticides for a

Cleaner Environment
Vibha Pandey
Department of Botany, Y.S.N.M. College, N.P. University, Medininagar
Abstract: From time immemorial, plant based natural products have served as important
protectants for field crops and stored commodities against insect attack and related pests
besides curing serious human ailments such as malaria, filaria, yellow fever etc. (Sener et
al., 1998; Rajkumar and Jebanesan, 2005; Narayanswamy, 2006). Many of the plant species
concerned have also been used in traditional medicine by local communities in different parts
of the world, particularly India, China and Africa. They have been collected from the field or
specifically cultivated for these purposes. Leaves, roots, twigs and flowers have been admixed
as protectants with various commodities. In recent years, the biological control of agricultural
pests and other insect related diseases has gained significant importance over their synthetic
analogues due to the toxic and non-biodegradable nature of inorganic and synthetic chemical
pesticides (Wheeler, 2002).
Initially, introduced as an important factor of green revolution needed for enhanced crop
production, these synthetic pesticides slowly became passive and ineffective as a result of
excessive use and overexposure. In addition, their toxic and non-biodegradable nature
aggravated their role as serious pollutants of the ecosystem. Rampant use of these chemicals
over the past 50 years has given rise to several short term as well as long term adverse effects.
The first report of poisoning due to pesticides in India came from Kerala in 1958 where,
over 100 people died after consuming wheat flour contaminated parathion (Karunakaran,
1958). Subsequently, several cases of pesticide poisoning including Bhopal disaster have
been reported. The Poison Information Centre in National Institute of Occupational Health
(NIOH), Ahmedabad reported that Organophosphate (OP) compounds were responsible for
the maximum no. of poisoning ( 73% ) among all agricultural pesticides (Dewan and Saiyed,
1998). Thus, an urgent need arose for the introduction of eco-friendly and life- saving plant
protection strategies which include use of plant products and varieties of natural substrates.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM), a new concept in the field of crop management emphasizes
the need for simpler and ecologically safer measures for pest control to reduce environmental
pollution and other problems caused by excessive and indiscriminate use of the pesticides
(Wheeler, 2002). The development of “Biopesticides” offers a unique opportunity for reduced
risk management. “Biopesticides” include all types of agents and products derived from biotic
sources, with potential for the control of phytophagous insects, plant diseases and pests of
public health importance (Mulla, 2002). These products have been used for pest and disease
control for many centuries, but it has only been in recent years that greater attention has
been directed towards the discovery and development of natural products, phytochemicals,
hormones, pheromones, kairomones and other agents of biological origin. In recent years
there has been a flurry of research activities in the area of genetic engineering of crop plants,
human pests and vectors of biological control agents. Thus, we are seeing a significant
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 15

increase in fundamental and applied research activity on the development and potential use
of biopesticides in pest management programmes.
Currently, considerable amount of research is being carried world over with emphasis on
screening and development of plant products, phyto-chemicals and natural products. With
a great wealth of knowledge on herbal medicine, it is prudent to look for bioactive materials
derived from plants that may have medicinal properties. Medicinal plants- the world’s oldest
known health care products- are not only used for primary health care but have also been
effectively used for crop protection since ancient times. Owing to their safe and non-toxic
nature to mammals and other non-target organisms, their use is being highly advocated
both in developed as well as developing countries. The secondary plant metabolites or the
biologically active natural products synthesized in the plants has been found to have immense
pesticidal activity. In spite of the recent flurry of research activities in the area of insecticidal
potential of higher plants, at least 85% of existing plant species have yet to be surveyed for
any type of biologically useful compound.
Keywords: Secondary metabolites, non-pollutants, biological control
Environmental Audit of University Campus: A Case Study of Vinoba

Bhave University, Jharkhand
Amit Ranjan and PK Mishra
Department of Botany, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag
Abstract: University campus is a hub of activities and several thousand people throng everyday
for fairly long hours. Universities not only cater need of providing education but alsoactas
torch bearer to society and provide leadership for social well being. Our University regularly
undertake environmental audit wich not only tell us about the status of biodiversity and
othe environmental condition but also reflect environmental status of campus. Total number
of plants is over 5,000 which include trees, shrubs, herbs, medicinal plants, hydrophytes,
xerophytes, gymnosperms, spices and ornamental plants. Category wise description of plants
is: –Trees-1800, Shrubs -1000, Herbs-Numerous, Spices -07, Gymnosperms -08, Hydrophytes-
Numerous, Xerophytes-12,Ornamental Plants-300. Apart from that our campus has got two
ponds and the phsico chemical characteristics of water are evaluated season wise. Apart
from that , several steps have been taken forenergy budgeting, water harvesting etc. A detail
description will be presented in full paper.
Keywords: Environmental management, Biodiversity, Sustainability
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 16

A Review on Fluoride Free Clean Environment through

Bioremediation
Sourav Gorai and Subrata Raha
Department of Botany, S.K.B.U., Purulia, West Bengal
Abstract: Fluorine is a gas steadily connected with different components and never stays in
free-state. This fluorine is the wellspring of fluoride. Some fluoride containing minerals are
sellaite, villianmite, fluorite, cryolite, bastnaesite, fluorapatite and their fluorine content are
61%, 55%, 3–4%, 45%, 9% and 49% respectively. As indicated by World Health Organization
the safety limit of fluoride in India is 1.5 mg/L. Underneath the level of 1.5 mg/L of fluoride
assumes the primary role in bone and teeth advancement yet demonstrates its toxicity to
human health on over the safety limit. Fluoride shows different hazardous effects in both
plants and animals including human. As the bone and teeth constitute with calcium, are
assaulted by fluoride and at last leads towards fluorosis. In plants the chlorophylls and
proteins content continuously decline by the exposure with fluoride. There are several
process of fluoride remediation available with their removal capacity like adsorption with
activated alumina (69.5%), adsorption in aqueous solutions using KMnO4 modified activated
carbon derived from steam pyrolysis of rice straw (15.9mg/g), co-precipitation by Nalgonda
technique (2.1–0.7mg/L), precipitation with the application of compounds of calcium and
phosphate (15 mg/L), removal by metal ions like Al3+, La3+ and ZrO2+ loaded natural zeolite
(94%), low pressure reverse osmosis (98.9%) and nanofiltration (63.3% from brackish water
and 71% from fluorinated drinking water). Defluoridation can also be done by biomass of
Tinospora cordifolia (25 mg/g) and by activated powdered carbon of Eichhornia crassipes
(70%) but these are not cost effective. Several microbes adopt different mechanism to
overcome fluoride toxicity via up directing the genes responsible for transport, cell envelope
synthesis, fluoride binding and energy metabolism. Riboswitch induce resistance mechanism
and chloride channel permease has also been detected in fluoride resistant microbes.
Different microorganisms have been reported with the capacity of fluoride removal like
the algae Pithophora sp. (44.82%) and Starria zimbabweensis (66.6±0.11%) and bacteria
like Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.1%), Micrococcus luteus (19.8%), Bacillus flexus NM25
(67.45%), Acinetobacter sp. RH5 (25.7%), Pseudomonas fluorescens Sufi-1 (38.65%),
Pseudomonas sp. Sufi-2 (38.59%), Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (2.4 mM), Bacillus cereus
FT1 (160 ppm), Bacillus marisflavi FT2 (150 ppm) and Providencia vermicola KX926492
(82%). Both Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas sp. also have plant growth
promoting effect. As these microorganisms have unique mechanisms of fluoride resistance
and removal capacity, they can be used as potential tools for bioremediation of fluoride in
single or in combination.
Keywords: Fluorosis, Microorganisms, Bioremediation, Phytoremediation
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 17

Replacement of Plastic Bags by Paper Glass in Development of

Seedlings for Creating Clean and Green Environment
Sheo Kumar
Central Regional Centre, Botanical Survey of India, Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change, Government of India, Allahabad, U.P.
Abstract: To combat climate change, planting trees throughout the life of an individual
becoming essential as they absorb tons of ambient CO2 and create congenial condition
around it. However, while developing saplings, use of plastic bags are in vogue as it is one of
the primary requirement and after plantation, the said bag is being left over in the field which
in time and again remain in the field for years and being non-biodegradable in nature, create
land and water pollution as well as sometimes they cause health problem and or threat to
the life of terrestrial and aquatic animals. Keeping these into consideration, an attempt has
been made to use paper glass for the same instead of plastic bags. In this connection more
than 20,000 seeds of 35 plant species belonging to different categories viz. 8 threatened
(Secure 2, Least Concern 4 and Vulnerable 2), 20 endemic, 32 economic, 5 ornamental and 28
medicinal were collected, dried under shade, cleaned and sown during monsoon in organic
matter rich soil to get seedlings. Out of 20 thousand of sown seeds, more than 10 thousand
seedlings of 8 species namely Azadirachta indica A.Juss., Bauhinia purpurea L., Nyctanthes
arbor-tristis L., Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.,
Tamarindus indica L., Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. and Ziziphus mauritiana
Lam. were developed within 3 to 7 days time and rest of the seeds are under ways of its
germination. The germinules were planted in paper glass containing organically rich soil and
watered at regular time period. Based on personal observation of such paper cups and glasses
left over at various places for more than 2 months time period it has been inferred that the
composition of the raw material used for making such cups and glasses prevent them from
early disintegration. Thus, it has been devised to use them for developing plants instead of
plastic bags which is cost effective, convenient in use, and if left unattended degrade naturally
in due course of time.
Keywords: Seeds, germination, paper glass, replacement of plastic bags, clean and green
environment
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 18

Indian Government’s Effort in Sanitation and Waste Management

Kumari Dibya
Amity University, Jharkhand
Abstract: Sanitation and waste management is important for the health of public as well
for aesthetic and environmental reasons. It is incumbent on us to protect and improve the
environment for present and future generations. Proper handling of human excreta and waste
management could bring healthy environment by preventing our society and generations
from hazardous and known and unknown diseases. In order to realize the aim of clean India,
Government of India has launched the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) on October 2, 2014.
Subsequently, a report on Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan was prepared. Sanitation is a State subject
with basic involvement of local bodies in India. The initiative of Central Government is to push
towards cooperative federalism that devolves more fiscal and administrative freedom to the
States in this mission.
This paper captures the current sanitation and waste management in India by the Government.
The main goal of Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan is to eradicate open defecation and proper
systematic waste management in various spheres. If everyone is sensitive to the lapses in
dealing with the waste scientifically, only then can the whole objective of improving the quality
of life of people be achieved. The key point from this report is that though Government’s
efforts in the form of incentives and extension of services are essential, they are not sufficient
to manifest in desired outcomes in terms of a long-term sustainable improvement in hygienic
behaviour. To inculcate behaviour change is not limited to toilet usage only. It also refers to
our habits of putting waste into segregated dustbins, paying habits for usage of public toilets
for their proper maintenance, keeping streets or places clean. Issues that need to be focused
and managed as early as possible are handling of e-waste, bio-medical waste, minimization
of landfills before the situation becomes uncontrollable. If not taken care of properly, our
earth’s crust will be filled with toxic material and in turn it will continue to have adverse effect
on environment. The study has concluded that through active participation of formal and
informal sector, guided by a strong regulatory framework at national, state and city level and
with wider public involvement can make this mission a success.
Keywords: Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan, Environment, Regulatory framework
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 19

Improving Indoor Air Quality by Using House Plants

Alok Kumar Chandrakar
Department of Forestry, Wildlife & Environmental Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya,
Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh
Abstract: In modern times, indoor air quality (IAQ) has become a serious concern as
buildings have been increasingly sealed in an effort to reduce energy consumption. Reduced
ventilation and leakage rates lower the energy required to treat incoming air to ambient
indoor conditions. This is most evident in areas of climatic extremes where the outdoor
air (temperature and humidity) can vary significantly from indoor environments. Indoor
air characteristically contains a large consortium of volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
ranging widely in spatial and temporal concentrations. These contaminants arise from a wide
variety of sources including building materials, cleaning supplies, electronics, and occupant
activities. However, a reduction in fresh air intake can also result in the accumulation of
gaseous contaminants within the indoor environment, leading to a variety of occupant health
concerns. Since urbanites spend in excess of 90% of their lives indoors, the quality of the
ambient indoor environment can have serious implications.
Using house plants to control indoor air pollution is an attractive, popular concept and many
articles in the popular press and internet extol and promote their use as indoor air cleaners.
Numerous mechanisms have been suggested whereby living plants and their associated
microcosms could have the potential to improve IAQ. These mechanisms include: a)
adsorption of gaseous contaminants and particulate (dust and bioaerosols) onto leaf surfaces,
b) absorption of gaseous contaminants through stomata and accumulation in various internal
structures, c) degradation of gaseous contaminants through various metabolic pathways, d)
removal of CO2 and production of O2 through photosynthesis, e) increasing humidity levels
through leaf transpiration and evaporation from rooting media, and f) reducing airborne
concentrations of dust and bioaerosols.
This paper will examine a number of interpretations of the interactions between biological
systems and IAQ. This article suggests that plants may provide an effective method of
regulating the indoor environmental conditions within buildings. This can potentially lead to
performance gains for the organization and a reduction in instances of ill health among the
workforce at workplace.
Key words: House plants. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), VOCs
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 20

Mitigation of Agricultural Greenhouse Gas: An Approach towards

the Cleaner Environment
Nirmali Bordoloi
Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi
Abstract: Global climate change is one of the most prominent and complex environmental
problems caused by increasing concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Rice
cultivation is a major source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions mainly methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O). The concentration of these GHGs increasing day by day and present
atmospheric concentration of CH4 and N2O are 1800 ppb and 324 ppb, respectively. Rice
cultivation is facing two opposite challenges like the need to increase production to meet
the food demands of the expanding global population and concurrently reducing the GHG
emission from rice paddy. Our research is based on the reduction of rice emitted N2O and
CH4 through intensive management practices like selection of suitable cultivar, fertilizer
management, tillage permutations, managing organic additives and applying growth
regulators without effecting the productivity. Gas samples were collected at weekly intervals
by static chamber technique and analyzed in a gas chromatography. In our study we found
that rice cultivar like Disang, Luit and Kapilli, IR 64 emitted low N2O with high yield
potential and cultivar Gitesh, Ranjit emitted low CH4. Traditional rice varieties with profuse
vegetative growth recorded higher CH4 and N2O fluxes compared to high yielding varieties.
In another experiment we reported that the reduction of fertilizer rate by 25% compared to
recommended dose significantly reduced the N2O emission up to 7% in summer and autumn
rice ecosystems, when soil was tilled up to 15 cm. N2O and CH4 emission showed significant
positive correlations (p<0.05) with soil temperature, organic carbon, leaf area, leaf number
plant biomass. Considering the effect of greenhouse gases on environment, such mitigation
strategies may be effective for sustaining a cleaner environment.
Keywords: Climate change, crop yield, greenhouse gas and rice cultivar.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 21

Biomedical Waste Management, AIIMS, Delhi

Pallav Kumar Chittej1, Priya Mukherjee, Isha Kedia, Neha Kumari, Prince
Mukherjee,Harsh Kumar, Chayan Raj, Rishabh Anand, Dharmendra Kumar Mahto and
Suman Kumar
AIIMS, Delhi
1
Department of Botany, St.Xavier’s College, Ranchi
Abstract: Bio-medical waste management means any waste which is generated during
diagnosis,treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities.
This has become a topic of enormous concern due the massive amount of biomedical waste
generated per year. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi has 2345 inpatient beds,
with nearly 3 million outpatient visits a year(8000-10,000 a day), with as many attendants,
posing an enormous challenge to housekeeping. Incorporating the staff (both regular and
contractual) strength of 14,000 and visitors, the total daily footfall at AIIMS reaches to nearly
50,000.
As India’s premier public sector medical institution which sets the standards in rendering
quality patient care for other hospitals to emulate, AIIMS is uniquely poised to lead this
movement of Bio Medical Waste Management by being the agent of change and adopting
these guidelines at big Hospitals in Delhi and BMW management guidelines is a commitment
in that direction.
AIIMS Delhi is the largest source of biomedical waste producing 24,000kgs of yellow waste,
23,500kgs of plastic and rubber waste,500kgs of sharp and 26,200kgs of glass waste making
a total of 74,500 kgs a month or nearly 2,500kgs per day in the year 2018.Such huge quantity
of waste is hazardous to both living organisms and the environment so proper disposal of
such waste is the need of the hour. According to “Bio-medical Waste Management Rule-2016”,
proper handling and disposal of such waste is a must and failure to comply with the provision
of the rule will result a penal action including imprisonment of 5 years or a fine of Rs. 1 lakh
or both.At last recycling and reuse of biomedical waste along with proper disposal calls for
immediate attention of both private and government hospitals.
Keywords: Bio-medical waste, AIIMS, Diagnosis, Immunization, medical fraternity.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 22

Plastic Eating Fungi

Swarnima Jha, Anjali Kumari, Pragati Raj, Shipra Siwansa, Susmriti Mahato, Swati
Nandini, and Swati Shikha
Department of Botany, St. Xavier’s College, Ranchi-834002
Abstract: Plastic is a menace for the world today. Almost every household item being used
today contains some amount of plastic in it. It is unavoidable and has become a liability
which is conveniently within everybody’s reach. But a small piece of plastic takes about
400 years to be degraded. No matter how effectively we try to adopt the mantra of ‘Reduce,
Reuse, Recycle’, plastic still manages to clog our drains, cover the water bodies, pollute the
landfills and kill the animals. So there is an immediate need to look into other methods of
plastic degradation. The global concern for the ever growing plastic waste crisis has spurred
research and innovation in the design and tech industries. Scientists have been constantly on
the lookout for alternative and environmental- friendly methods of plastic disposable. Some
bacteria have been seen to decompose plastic to some extent. One of the emerging options is
that of plastic degrading fungi. A new study from the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew in London
says that fungi are capable of expediting the breakdown of plastic waste. Various species of
Aspergillus such as A. tubingensis. A. niger, A. flavus etc., Xepiculopsis graminea, Penicillium
griseofulvum, Agaricus bisporus etc. have been proven to successfully breakdown plastic.
A. tubingensis was featured in the State of the World’s Fungi 2018 report. A rare species of
mushroom, Pestalotiopsis microspora, was discovered in the Amazon rainforest that appears
to have been living solely on a diet of polyurethane, that too in the lack of oxygen, giving it
an undue advantage of flourishing even at the bottom of a landfill. As fungi are a major class
of decomposers, capable of degrading a lot of organic and inorganic waste, introducing such
plastic-eating fungi in the ecosystem could solve the problem of plastic waste pollution to a
large extent. This would reduce the huge cost of waste management and save a lot of time.
Fungi may prove to be nature’s way of defending itself biologically against the plastic plague
with which it is currently overwhelmed.
Keywords: Aspergillus, Decomposers, Fungi, Penicillium, Plastic, Pollution
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 23

Improving Waste management Scenario in ULBs of Santhal Pargana

Samuel Kisku and Prasanjit Mukherjee
Plant Taxonomy and Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, KKM College, Pakur
Abstract: Managemenet of waste in the urban local bodies is a challenging task. The
Implementation of Swachh Bharat Mission is playing an important role in improving the
waste management scenario in rapid pace .The improvement can be easily observed in the
cities.
A study was conducted in the ULBs of Santhal Pargana in the year 2011- 2016 about the
prevailing condition of waste management and found the waste management scenario
in a pathetic condition. But in last two to three years the condition of waste management
in these ULBs has drastically changed. The waste dump site has been identified, door step
collection has been initiated, regular awareness generation activities are in progress , regular
upliftment of the waste is insured, the placement of different kind of dustbin in the road side
and Mohallas are done and segregation of the waste is going on .In some of the ULBs the even
the processing of the waste has begun. In the present paper a picture of current and improved
waste management scenario with a comparison of past study has been presented in detail.
Keywords: Waste Management, Swachh Bharat Mission, Segregation, Dump site
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 24

Waste Material to Best Construction Material

Anshuman, Shubham Bhardwaj and Kiran
Department of Building Construction Management, St. Xavier’s College, Ranchi
Abstract: Current trends in building industry show that container architecture emerged as
one of the simple yet practical alternatives to fulfil the people’s needs for instant housing,
comfortable workplace or even for recreational facilities. This is due to the numerous benefits
that have been associated with this type of architecture, which offers large useable area within
small building footprint and it can be provided with low construction cost at shorter time, but
with huge structural strength. In fact, the container also has advantages in terms of modularity
and transportability, which make it as a popular type of building used for retreat residence,
cabin resort or site office. Despite these benefits, the tendencies of the building consultants
or end users to design it with a very weather-tight of solid steel envelop and minimal size
of openings for security and safety reasons in some ways have affected the quality of vistas
towards or outwards the container, its indoor environmental quality and occupants’ health
and comfort on the whole. Therefore, a series of literature surveys have been conducted to
investigate the potentials and constraints of implementing this building container as one of
the contemporary architectural styles, particularly in the distressing atmosphere of the hot-
humid tropics. These potentials and constraints are discussed in this paper based on several
main aspects that encompasses its structural strength, modularity and transportability,
cost and construction technique, and its compatibility with the local climate condition.
Keywords: Cabin building, container architecture, green building, indoor environmental

quality, thermal comfort.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 25

Urbanisation, Cleanliness Versus Diversification in Arambhda Reef

Pan, P. K.1, Gorai, A. C.2 and Sadhu, D. N.3
Eological Research Laboratory, R.S.P(P.G.) College, Jharia, Dhanbad
1
2
Dept. of Zoology, R.S.P. College, Jharia
3
Dept. of Zoology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag
Abstract: Okha is located in the west terminal portion of the Indian subcontinent. From
Okha 4 to 5 km away the Arambhda reef is located. Not only Arambhda village, but also other
adjacent places in the main land nearby Okha are developing rapidly by making different
factories, port, boat yard, Tata colonisation with this urbanisation required treatment
of effluents are not maintained before discharging into the sea. For this stunted growth,
biodiversity reduction in the species as well as in the number in each species observed in
Arambhda reef by comparing with Hanuman Dandi reef that located 5 km away from the
main land i.e., in Byet Dwarka island. Stunted growth was noted by calculating percentage
cover of the species. Thus our goal is to improve the diversification as well as number of
individuals in each species at first by the increasing number of individuals in each species by
means of showing ecological fitness to them and then gradually species richness will appear
mainly by its natural way. This can be possible only by keeping such natural environment in
an undisturbed position.
Synthesis and Structural Studies of Cd(II) Complexes with

Benzothiomorpholide
Juhi Baranwal and Dr. V.S. Tiwari*
Department of Chemistry, Ranchi University, Ranchi
Abstract: The complexes of Cd(II) with benzothiomorpholide of composition CdI2L2 and

CdCl2l2 (L= benzothiomorpholide) were synthesized. The characterization based elemental
analysis, spectroscopic method (I.R, N.M.R, U.V-Vis), conductivity measurement and thermal
analysis. According to all these information we propose that CdI2L2 and CdCl2l2 have monomeric
structure. These complexes are almost non-conducting in nature. Shift of proton N.M.R signal
to downfilled position suggest that coordination of ligand with metal ion.
Keywords: Cd(II) complexes, benzothiomorpholide, I.R., N.M.R, U.V-Vis, monomeric,
downfilled, ligand
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 26

GROUP- B
Environmental Crisis and Sustainable
Strategies
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 27

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 28

Global Waste to Energy Potential: Promising Approach to Produce

Valuable Renewable Energy
Gajendra B. Singh, Ankita Vinayak
University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab
Abstract: With the advent of urbanization and globalization began the saga of ever-increasing
consumerism and capitalism. To keep up with the developed nations, the developing
countries too were quick to draw level resulting in their unbridled economic growth. While
the progress of a nation is always exciting, what it does ignore is the detrimental impact it
has on the environment. Over the years Indian population has jumped from 1028 million
in 2001 to 1324 million in 2017, and population growth directly contributes to increased
waste generation. India alone chips in one-third of the total waste production in the world
yet is the least efficient in waste management. It generates more than 62 million tonnes
of waste, of which less than 60% is collected and even less, about only 15% is actually
processed and converted into something productive. Thus the need of the hour is to accept
the gravity of the situation and start developing efficient and cost-effective measures to solve
the problem and safeguard the environment. A plausible solution to manage the under-
estimated trash is to convert it into something as treasured as energy and fuel, which many
developed countries have already implemented. The substantial stockpile of waste can be
circumvented by uncapping its potential to generate functional by-products like heat, fuel,
energy and electricity by using what is called as Waste to Energy (WTE) technology. The focus
thus should now move from traditional landfills, open dumps and incineration to proficient
waste management systems like thermal treatment methods, biological treatment methods,
landfill gas utilization, mechanical-biological treatment and biorefineries. Off late even better
technologies have come up, including biohydrogen generation from municipal solid waste
(MSW). This review paper hence describes the various cutting-edge technologies employed
across the globe to effectively convert waste into energy and pave the way for a sustainable
future for all.
Keywords: Municipal solid waste, Renewable energy, Biogas, Green energy
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 29

Corporate Initiatives and Strategies towards Green Economic

Development in Jharkhand
Bhavna Taneja and Naboshree Bhattacharya
Abstract: For people across the globe, economic development represents a common measure
of performance and progress, and hence a constant concern. But its precise content and
measuring are still subject to intense debates. On the other hand, there are almost three
decades since sustainable development – as “development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”
(WCED, 1987) – by considering the economic, social and environmental aspects. But the
recent evolution and trends – reflecting the incompatibility between the theory of sustainable
development and its practice considering the environmental dimension that led to the
emergence and development of another two concepts that have become global concerns:
green economic development and green economy. The paper aims to emphasize, based on an
interdisciplinary approach on the actual and potential contributions of businesses towards a
green economic development in Jharkhand. It can be possible through the positive integration
of the environmental challenges within business initiatives and strategies.
The main objectives of the paper are:
(1) to outline the general structure of the green economic development;
(2) to identify the specific environmental challenges businesses are facing and have to address
in order to support the green economic development;
(3) to analyse particular initiatives and strategies taken by the government of Jharkhand for
the green economic development
Keywords: Green economic development; sustainable development; environmental
challenges; corporate initiatives and strategies; Government of Jharkhand
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 30

Environmental Crisis: A Philosophical Analysis

R.N.Pandey
Deptt. of Philosophy, Chatra College, Chatra, V. B.University, Hazaribag
Abstract: The life support system of the whole universe depends for its existence on
Environment,as it is the only home that human have for the fulfillment of their needs properly(
Air, fire,Earth&Water), so, conserving the environment is the urgent need and the categorical
demand of time,today. The whole humanity is in crisis of pure food,pure air,pure water
and pure living style, this is due to the resultant of over exploitation of natural resources.
Philosophers ,thinkers and seers of Indian culture and religion have said “Earth has enough to
satisfy one’s need but not one’greed”.indian philosophy has always considered Environment
as an organic entity.Traditions have stressed a participatory life with environment. Because it
is the wonderful view of Indian philosophy that “the whole creation emerge by the elements
of environment and finally dissolve into the environment.”
A Philosophical analysis of environmental crisis or challenges show that there is a fragmentary
paradigm underlying modern economic development and technology.Hence, the philosophy
behind the modern economic development is the pursuit of modernism, consumerism,and
prosperism,that ultimately,paves the way of environmental crisis by disturbing “Man –Man
relation and Man-Nature relation.
This imbalancement of relation really owe to environmental crises that is based on some
causes, as- Technological development, Population explosion. Over exploitations of natural
resources, Unlimited consumption of energy, Emergence and development capitalist world
economy, Utilitarian attitudes towards environment, Short-term patterns of decision.
Because of these reasons the present environmental scenario has taken the shape of crises as
a result of which the whole humanity is facing:
Food insecurity, Disease, Conflict and displacement, Natural disasters, Urbanization,
Biodiversity loss, Soil erosion, Deforestation, Scarcity of fresh water or degraded water
quality, Air quality, Ozone depletion and climates change.
This is why since 1970s the whole system begin to cry and try to solve the crises after
sahelian droughts of 1970s and 1980s and the nuclear accident Chernobyl in 1986 and global
environment summit 1999 ,UNEP global environment outlook 2000 to constitution of states
pollution control boards or pollution control committees 2016 but the result is before the
whole humanity and its related system at universal level that asmuch, we try to solve the
crises somuch, we create the crises because the shape of the crises have been so endangered
and burning that cannot be solved until or unless we begin to back to nature and honor to
the values of our Indian philosophical –cultural tradition that instructs or direct the whole
humanity to avoid unlimited consumption ,ecological imbalance and materialistic paradigm.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 31

Agroforestry: An Instrument to Attain Sustainable Development

Goal (SDG)
AartiSingh1, AjaySrivasatava2, A K Chakraborty3, Runjhun4 and Vandana Kumari5
1
National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Ranchi, Jharkhand
2
Department of Botany, St. Xavierscollege, Ranchi
3
Dept. of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Faculty of Forestry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
4
Odisha Rural Development and Marketing Society
5
Chotanagpur law college, Ranchi University, Ranchi
Abstract: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), otherwise known as the Global
Goals, are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all
people enjoy peace and prosperity (UNDP). Thus the main goal of global goal is poverty
alleviation, democratic governance and peace building, climate change and disaster risk, and
economic inequality. The complex challenges of food security and climate change cannot
be addressed solely on the basis of technological development. Agroforestry is a land use
system that seeks to deliver sustainable improvements to food security, through integrating
trees with other components of agriculture in multifunctional landscapes. It is a model of an
integrated land use approach that can yield higher production using low input technology
which can be further enhanced by advance policy actions like governance, gender synergies,
secured land tenure, investments and markets to deliver sustainable improvements to food
security. Agroforestry uses the natural woodland ecosystem as a model to create “a dynamic,
ecologically-based, natural resources management system” by integrating trees into the
agricultural landscape has the potential to impact the local economy through increasing
economic stability, diversification of local products and economies, diversification of rural
skills, improved food and fuel security, improvements to the cultural and natural environment,
and landscape diversification. Agroforestry combines traditional and more recent research
based knowledge and evidence related to optimizing the interaction of trees, crops, livestock,
water, soil, social systems and economic systems such as markets and value chain in order
to respond sustainably to challenges of development and sustainability. Agroforestry
systems are a viable C sequestering option. An Agroforestry system plays a very important
role in climate change mitigation by absorbing excess carbon dioxide, which is used in the
process of photosynthesis. The Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) pool can be deliberately enhanced
by Agroforestry practices. Thusin these ways trees acts as key elements to achieving the
SDGs sinceproducts and services from the integration of trees within farming systems can
contribute to food security, farmer livelihoods and environmental resilience.
The overall goal of sustainable development (SD) according to Brundtland Commission is
the long-term stability of the economy and environment which is only achievable through
the integration and acknowledgement of economic, environmental, and social concerns
throughout the decision making process in agriculture sector as well since a major population
relies in agriculture sector for its livelihood. Thus using Agroforestry as an tool would help me
attaining SDGs.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 32

Water Crisis in North India– A Sustainable Management Strategy

Debjani Roy1 and Krittika Roy2
1
PG Department of Geography, Nirmala College, Ranchi
2
Research Scholar, Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore
Abstract: Water is a precious natural resource, a basic human need and prime national asset.
India is the second largest country in the world in terms of population with only about 4% of
the world’s renewable water resources. Though it receives an average of 4000 billion cubic
metres of annual precipitation, the country suffers from serious paucity of freshwater. There
are about 20 river basins but due to increased rate of urbanization most river basins are
water stressed. Per capita annual water availability reduced from 1816 cubic metres in 2001
to 1544 cubic metres in 2011.Ground water plays an important role by catering to 85% of
the rural demand, 50% of urban requirements and 60% of our irrigation needs. According to
the CWG Report 2011, annual ground water draft is 245 BCM, which accounts for about 62%
of net water available. The National Water Policy 2012 made several recommendations for
conservation development and improved management for water resources of the country.
Most of water planning and development in the country has been done as per administrative
boundaries rather than by using river basins as hydrological units. Water consumption pattern
is influenced by parameters such as urban population increase considering that the amount
of rainfall has not varied significantly in the last few years. Monitoring the use and misuse
of water, proper planning and management of existing resources, initiatives for education
and training on water, developing alternative methods for water conservation, and creating
awareness of climate change and its disastrous implications can help in recognizing the crisis
potential of water at an early stage and work towards its mitigation. Taking some of the
northern states of India that are drained by snow fed rivers, agriculturally highly productive
and densely populated this paper seeks to analyse critically the environmental crisis caused
by depleting water resources and tries to suggest sustainable strategies for the future.
Keyword: Freshwater, urbanization monitoring management, sustainable
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 33

Sustainable Wild Life Management Using 3S Technique: A Case

Study of Saranda Forest
Kumari Neha1 and Jayanti Sundi2
1
University Dept. of Geography, Ranchi Univerity, Ranchi
2
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
Abstract: The present dilemma of developing nation like ours is whether to emphasize on
mineral extraction or to conserve its wilderness . Sustainable wildlife management(SWM)
is described by FAO (Food and Agricultural Organisation) as “An efficient management of
wildlife species such that their population are sustained and their habitats are maintained
keeping in views the socioeconomic aspects and the need of mankind”. All anthropogenic
development activities such as deforestation, mining, settlement structures, transportation
network etc., in the forest causes threat to wildlife and their natural habitat.
Geo-informatics technology or 3S technology has dynamic role in mapping, monitoring and
management of forest resources. 3S technology stands for integration of Remote Sensing
(RS), Geospatial Information System(GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS).
The Saranda forest of Jharkhand stretching over 82000 hectares endowed with amount of
rich iron ore deposits. The forest is situated in West Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, India.
These forests were one of the most pristine in India, and the largest sal forests in India .The
location of the forest is within latitude 22o 00’ 45.04”– 22o 12’36.81” N and longitude 85o
08’ 18.8”– 85o 24’37.21” E with an average elevation of 750m above mean sea level (MSL).
Saranda forest is fed by two major rivers, Karo and Koina. Over past few decades, many iron
ore mining towns have emerged Gua, Chiria, Megataburu and Kiriburu.
The main objectives of this study are , to study the region as high resources potential unit
and to study the extent of execution of government plan and policies .This study will not only
report areas of immediate attention but also help the management team and policy makers.
The fundamental threat to the forest is uncontrolled mining for iron ore, both legal and illegal,
which is destroying not just the wildlife but also the forest.
Keywords: Iron ore & manganese mining, Forest cover change, Saranda forest division, SWM,
3 S technique
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 34

Dynamic Effect of Environment on a Palace in Jharkhand

Ritu Agrawal, Apurv Ashish and Harsh Kashyap
Department of Architecture, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi
Abstract: The study discusses the extent of change/deterioration in the Presidential Palace at
Jharia in Dhanbad, Jharkhand. The building was designed to serve as a residence to the Royal
Family of Jharia Estate. It was a seat of governance for the citizen of Jharia, Dhanbad. With the
passing years, the materials of the palace have deteriorated. The paper assesses the changes
in the usage of space and the architectural character of the mansion. The various indicators
for assessment were identified through literature survey. The discussion makes references
and indicates the material of construction, methodology and the technology involved. Further,
through reconnaissance survey, the present condition of the royal residence was assessed.
The transformations undergone in architectural, historic and use value of the structure are
consequences of changes in the environment.
Keywords: Palace, Materials, Environment.
Effects of Environmental Degradation in a Campus

Ritu Agrawal, Neeta Kumari and Apurv Ashish
Department of Architecture, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi
Abstract: A residential university campus can be considered as ‘small city’ due to its large
magnitude, growing residents, and the various complex activities taking place in the campus.
This growth creates severe effects on the physical and social environment. The degradation of
natural environment is a prime concern for the urban campus. A study of BIT Mesra, Ranchi
campus located in the state of Jharkhand reveals the gradual loss of green vegetation from
the campus. Even though many environmental protection measures can be seen in some
universities, but a more systematic, methodical and sustainable approach to reduce the
negative impacts of environmental degradation and making the campuses more sustainable
is generally lacking. Therefore, this paper compares the past and present environmental
situation in BIT Mesra campus, along with the effects of environmental degradation in the
campus. The paper proposes a framework of a more suitable approach to achieving campus
sustainability.
Keywords: Environmental Degradation, Campus, Sustainability.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 35

Solar Energy: A Resource Management

Pooja Bawari1, Komal jain1, Mahaveer Genwa2*, Kumar Rakesh Ranjan1
1
AIAS, AUUP, Noida, U.P.
2
DDU, Delhi University, Delhi
Abstract: With our Earth facing one of its major pollution crises due to poor waste
management, it is necessary to reutilize what can be. This idea has been around for long,
utilizing biodegradable waste to produce manure, biomass, biogas, etc. But one cannot ignore
how much biodegradable by-product is treated like waste in areas like food processing
units, agriculture, forests and beverage industries. Most of the waste products from such
units include pulp, fruits and vegetable residue, which are rich in colored pigments like
anthocyanins, tannins, etc. Dyes obtained from such residue find use in various applications
likesolar cells, textile, printingand cosmetic industries, etc.
The purpose of this study is to extract dye from waste plant materials, specifically vegetable
peels.From the UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, it has been known that chlorophyll
has the broad region of the UV-Visible spectrum in the range 400-700 nm, which basically
includes majority of electromagnetic spectrum range of sunlight that actually enters the Earth
atmosphere. Application of dyes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC), light absorbed by dye is
used for photosensitizing electrons for conduction. The DSSC was fabricated using natural
dye extracted from the peels of Cucumis Sativus L. The lowest bandgap of the extracted dye
is 1.869eV and absorption coefficient (α) is 1.63km-1.High value of α indicates absorption
of photons readily, thereby easily exciting the electron over to conduction band. From the
performed I-V characteristics of the solar cell,the fill factor and efficiency of the DSSC was
analyzed to be 0.206% and 0.71%, respectively.
Utilizing dye extracted from waste plant materials, not only contributes to the energy
crises that DSSC aims to solve, but also, it cuts down the extra cost and energy required for
cultivating plants just for the purpose of preparation of dye. It somehow also aims in better
waste management of biodegradable waste.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 36

Research on the Level of Public Knowledge and Awareness about

Global Warming of Different Variables in Gaya Town
Pawan Kumar
P. G. Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya
Abstract: Global Warming is one of the major problem that could negatively affect the
ecosystem and the health of humans. Global warming occurs when greenhouse gases (CO2 and
Chlorofluorocarbons) and other air pollutant which include particulate matter, benzene, toxic
metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides
and ozone (O3) accumulate in the atmosphere and absorb solar radiation and sunlight and
eventually bound off the earth’s surface. Global Warming may cause unalterable damage if no
effort is made to avert it. Consequently, determining the public knowledge and awareness on
the topic would be one of the solutions of the problem.
The goal of this research is to identify the level of knowledge and awareness about global
warming that will make people more conscious about the effect of global warming.
In this study, survey research was used as the methodology. The sample of the study consisted
of 1000 people randomly chosen from Gaya Town when determine the sample age, gender,
qualification and occupation variables were taken into considerations and it has created an
impartial distributions. A questionnaire consisting of 14 questions was set as data collection
tool. The data obtained from the survey were analysed by Chi-Square.
This research has reached the results of how individuals perceive global warming as a big
problem. This perception is informed out of the devastating effect of global warming which
is heightened due to information available on media platforms. But one striking observation
glaring in the result is that respondents do not have enough consciousness about what causes
global warming and how it affects their livelihood.
The data indicated that the participants of the study are aware of global warming but
they are not at sufficient level of knowledge for the possible effects and the prevention of
global warming. Moreover, the information on individual’s level of awareness about global
warming shows statistically momentous differences in terms of gender, age, qualification and
occupation.
Keywords: Global Warming, Ecosystem, Chi-Square, Chlorofluorocarbon, Awareness
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 37

Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting and its Treatment

Shrivastava Supriya and Roy Soma
Department of Biotechnology, Ranchi Women’s College, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: Capturing and storing rainwater for use is particularly important in dryland, hilly,
urban and coastal area. Rainwater and its harvesting is one of the many alternatives used to
tap the water in its relatively pure form through roof top harvesting. The current practice
of roof top rainwater harvesting involves collection in storage tanks, treatment before use
and supply. In the present study, in-line settler cum filter module compatible with existing
plumbing system of a building is developed. The roof top harvested rainwater is collected
after treatment and the stored water can be used for recharging the bore well (groundwater)
recharge. The treatment module is developed based on the principles of tube settler and
filtration. A combination of horizontal tube settler connected in series with inclined tube
settler followed by sand bag filtration is used in the treatment module. Series of experiments
were carried out for varied flow rates and turbidity levels to assess the performance of
developed treatment module. Further the quality of water in the bore well before and after
recharge was determined. The results show that the treatment module removes the turbidity
to an extent of 60% to 95%. The higher flow rate results in reduction of turbidity removal.
Interestingly, the quality of bore well water improved in terms of hardness by 30% in one
rainy season. The provision of in-line settler cum filter will contribute significantly to the
practice of water recycling and conservation. The scope of the present study is to develop in-
line treatment module for removal of turbidity from rainwater.
Keywords: Harvesting, Rainwater, Treatment, Settler, Turbidity
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 38

Study of Hydroecological Parameters of Some Ponds of Hazaribag

Shagufta Sajid, Subir Kumar Khawas and P.K. Mishra
P. G. Department of Botany, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag
Abstract: Water is generally known as, “ELIXIR OF LIFE” because it play a vital role in existence
of life. It is a great matter of concern that water bodies of very place is shrinking very fast and
demand of water is increasing fast because of growth of population. Another point of concern
is quality of water. Because of gross negligence of human being water quality of ponds and
lakes is deteriorating fast. Now a day water management is a major issue and it is urgent to
properly assess the water quality of water bodies. But to achieve this objective, it is required
to survey water bodies of a particular area. Hazaribag district of Jharkhand was selected for
this study. Aim of the study is to analyze the limnological parameters as well as the presence
of different hydrophytes in Hazaribag ponds. The ecological status of water bodies is assessed
by the physical, chemical and biological characters of fresh water bodies. Four parameters
were taken into consideration during study of pond’s water qualities. Temperature of water
varies from 25ₒc to 29.50C. pH of all water bodies is generally basic. The free CO2 also varies
from nil to 30ppm. The transparency was up to 23.66cm. Twenty different hydrophytes were
identified in different ponds of Hazaribag. The result of the present investigation will be
helpful in the water management of the area and pave a way for the further study in this field.
Keywords: Hazaribag, Limnological parameters, Hydrophytes, Water management
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 39

Ecological Survey of Some Ponds of Rourkela, Odisha

Sipra Soni Pradhan, Subir Kumar Khawas and P. K. Mishra
P. G. Department of Botany,Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh
Abstract: Water is a necessity for all living beings,without it there would be no life.Water
quality is a significant criterion in matching water demand and supply. Aim of the study is
to estimate physical and chemical parameters of different (10) ponds in Rourkela and to
analyse and identify hydrophytes present. Various parameters like Atmospheric temperature,
Water temperature, pH, Colour, Taste, Free CO2,Transparency was estimated and different
hydrophytes like Eichhornia ,Pistia, Azolla,Lemna,Chara etc. were collected and identified.
Water quality of ponds of Rourkela shows great amount of variation. Of the 10 ponds studied
mostly acidic water were present. Free Co2varied considerably making it hard to drink. The
level of transparency was normal. The colour of water also varied from Grey Brown to Dark
Blue. The present study will help in the water management of the area of Rourkela.
Keywords: Rourkela, Physico-chemical parameters, Hydrophytes, Free CO2, Water Quality.
Bryophytes as Bioindicator of Pollution

Jessica Rene Hansdah, Dibyani kumari, Lovely Singh, Akanksha Kumari, Surbhi Singh,
Anamika Raj, Mahima Singh , Richa Rani, Sneha Bharti
Department Of Botany, St. Xavier's College, Ranchi
Abstract: Recent studies have proved bryophytes as potential pollution indicators. They
are sensitive to environmental changes hence they serve as bio-indicators of pollution
and climate change. The habitat diversity ,structural simplicity, totipotency, rapid rate of
multiplication and high metal accumulation capacity make bryophytes ideal organisms for
pollution studies. Studies have shown that bryophytes are able to concentrate heavy metals
in greater amountsas compared to vascular plants. The older tissues of the plant have higher
concentration of the metallic ions as compared to the younger portions and thus analysis of
such plant gives a fair idea about the degree of pollution.
Keywords: Bryophyte, bio-indicator, pollution
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 40

Fly-Ash Bricks
Deependra Kumar Sinha, Samiksha Sinha, Devashmita Sen, Ritika Khakha and Reema
Sahu
Department of Botany, St. Xaviers Collage, Dr. Camil Bulcke Path, Ranchi
Abstract: Nearly 73% of country’s total installed power generation capacity is thermal of
which coal-based generation is 90%. Some 85 thermal power stations,beside several captive
power plants usebituminous and sub - bituminous coal and produces large quantities of
fly ash. High ash content (30%-50%) coal contributes to these large volumes of fly ash.The
country’s dependence on coal for powergeneration has unchanged .Thus fly ash management
is a cause of concern for the future.
The purpose of this presentation is to find suitable utilisation of fly ash depending on its
geotechnicalproperties and thus reduce the need for vast areas for disposal of fly ash which
in turn causesconsiderable damage to the environment.
In this presentation we have given a brief introduction of fly ash which includes the
composition of flyash,different types of fly ash,the manufacture of fly ash bricks and how it is
comparatively better thanthe mud bricks. Fly ash does have a downside which is also taken
into consideration in the presentation.
From knowledge obtained it is found that fly ash can be impacted of a large moisture content
rangedoes it has a potential to be used in fields and embankments. Since fly ash has low
permeability, itfurther benefits the use in fills and embankments by reducing the chances
of damage to thegroundwater resources. The low specific gravity of fly ash and pozzolanic
activity of fly ash is for its usealong with cement for construction purpose and also in
manufacturing bricks.
Keywords: Applications, Composition, Fly-ash, Objective, Utilization
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 41

Prospects and Challenges of Water Supply in Urban Jharkhand

Ajay Kumar Choudhary and Jyoti Choudhary*
Department of Zoology, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand
*Mahila College, Giridih
Abstract: Increasing population and climatic variation driven by climate change has led to
water scarcity across india. As cited in United Nations Environmental programme 2002, by
2025, 1.8 billion people will be living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity
about two-third of the population, mainly in India will face moderately to high water stress
and half of the population will face problem due to water scarcity. Ongoing mismanagement of
resources and wasteful behaviour in India has led to the overexploitation of water resources,
particularly groundwater. A large part of India fall under the category of physical water
scarcity where availability of natural water resources is not enough to ensure the future water
needs hence they need to increase their efficiency of water use and wisely maintain their
available water resources. The concentration of water related problems will be more in urban
settlements where quantity of available water reducing day by day. The potable water as a
commodity is highly delicate and vulnerable to pollution and contamination. As such it has to
be handled with a high degree of care. This paper focuses on issues and challenges associated
with urban water requirements and suggest pragmatic solutions and policy measures to
ensure clean, continual and convenient access to drinking water supply to all the residents of
urban settlements.
Keywords: Potable water, Water stress, urban Settlement, pragmatic solution
Medicinal Hydrophytes of Ranchi

Ajay Kumar Srivastava, Dolly P Bara, Aditya Kumar, Shresth Suman, Ranjana Minj,
Arzoo Shahzabeen, Surbhi Pandya, Kumari Neelu
Department of Botany, St. Xavier’s College, Ranchi
Abstract: Ideally, Ranchi is called the city of lakes on one hand and the herbal capital of India
on the other. But anthropogenic activities have taken their toll. The water bodies here, namely
lakes, ponds, ditches and rivers are agog with rich populations of aquatic plants. In our
present study it has been sought to work out the aquatic plants of medicinal importance. Their
taxonomic standing were also worked out. Interestingly, it was found that many plants carry
precious therapeutic values. They are excellent astringent, antipyretic, febrifuge, purgative,
antistomachic, and many work against jaundice and malaria. So the need of the hour is to
protect the wetlands of Ranchi as it will save the disappearance of many valuable plants.
Keywords: agog, herbal capital, water bodies, therapeutic values
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 42

Need of Ecofriendly and Advanced Roads

Saif Ansari, Shubham, Rani Swarnlata and Neelakshi Pal
Department of Building Construction Management, St. Xavier’s College, Ranchi
Abstract: In the present electronic age, the development of the country is going at a very fast
pace. An efficient transport system is a pre-requisite for sustainable economic development
of a country. The highways play an important role in the development of a country and also
improve the living standard of the people. The road development programmes envisaged for
the country involve large amount of money, manpower, materials and machinery not only for
the construction of new roads, but also for the improvement of the existing road network.
Road transport is the most widely used system of transportation. This mode of transportation
carries 85 % of the passenger traffic and 70% of the freight traffic. So, in addition to the
wide and efficient road network, the quality of the roads should be as per the best available
standards. Presently there is no system to monitor and assure the quality and quantity of
the work. The machinery used for the construction of a highway does not have any check on
the various ingredients of the material used and thus the quality and quantity of the product
are not assured. The highway construction materials are carried through tippers, trucks etc.
but there is no system available to monitor an Engineer, to check the fuel consumption of
the vehicles, theft of fuel, if any, unnecessary halt of the vehicles which leads to delay in the
completion of a project. With the availability of sophisticated plants and equipment’s, the pace
of construction of highways has increased manifolds. The present system of quality control is
time consuming and has become a major hurdle in the high speed of construction. The existing
tolerance limits have also been kept keeping in view the use of conventional machinery and
prevailing quality control system which permits higher range of variations for acceptance and
needs to be relooked. So, keeping in view the requirements of time, an equality control system
has been developed which assures that full material as per desired standards is used and thus
gives a confidence for quality assurance of the product. For a better control on the quality,
the machinery used for construction of the highways has been updated so that it can have
an automatic check on the quality of the product. The Vehicle Tracking System (VTS), Fuel
Sensor and Global Positioning System (GPS) have been used in the construction of a highway
and accordingly a model has been developed for the proper monitoring of the vehicles during
the execution of flexible pavements. To keep the quality control tests matching with the pace
of construction, the age-old procedures of quality control have been modified. A methodology
using e-quality control system has been developed to modify the acceptance criteria of
sample testing in the flexible pavements. This e-quality control system is an automatic system
of testing which runs with the pace of construction. With the use of e-control, and modern
machinery such as cone crusher, the properties of aggregates have also been upgraded. Due
to use of the equality control system in Highway construction, the tolerance limits of WMM,
DBM and BC etc. have also been modified which gives better riding quality of the roads. As a
result, the standards of riding quality have also been upgraded.
Keywords: Electronic Sensor, e-Control, Flexible, GPS, Roughness, Vehicle Tracking System
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 43

Electromagnetic Radiation- From Solution to Pollution

Ajay Srivastava1, Jessica Rene Hansdah1, Akash Kumar Sinha2 and Akanksha Kumari2
1
St. Xavier’s college, Ranchi, Jharkhand
2
Dept. of chemistry, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: All living organism evolved in the naturally existing electromagnetic field (produced
by earth’s magnetic field of magnitude 40µT and natural static electric field which varies
from 0.1kV/m to 30kV/m value).In addition to these fieldsthere exists an artificially created
electromagnetic environment which has expanded rapidly by the use of cellular phones,
radio, television etc. For this reason,the level of electromagnetic field (EMF)radiation that
people exposed has increased. The current technologies have become a source of omnipresent
electromagnetic pollution due to the generation of EMF radiation. Their exposure adversely
affects the plants and animals. It is classified as potentially carcinogenic. The amount that a
plant, or any animal, is affected by radiation is determined by how much radiation it receives
(calculated by the value of SAR, specific absorption rate), as well as how long it is exposed.
ICNIRF (International Commission on Non -Ionizing Radiation Protection) has formulated
guidelines establishinglimits for residential and occupational EMF exposure for the safer use
of the cell phones.
Our study mainly focuses on theconsequences of exposure of extremely low frequency (ELF)
EMradiation (mainly fromradiofrequency waves, includes radio wave and microwave which is
used for providing telecommunication and broadcasts) on the organism above and below the
limits recommended by ICNIRF. The purpose of this paper is to study the correlation between
cell phones, EMR, and environment. This paper is also an attempt to make the reader aware
of the threat to human life and ecosystem caused by cell phone devices and suggests some
solutions to the same.
Keywords: Electromagnetic fields, Carcinogenic, SAR, ICNIRF
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 44

Water Conservation and Its Importance in India

Nikhil Agnihotri
Department of Botany, S.K.J.D. Degree College, Mangalpur, Kanpur Dehat
Abstract: Water is the most essential material for life on earth. Water is required by bodies of
all kinds of animals to function properly. Survival without food for several weeks is possible,
but not even a few days without water. The plants and animals we eat require water as well, so
water crisis turns into life crisis, inevitably. Thus, it is obvious that water is necessary for the
sustenance of life. Though 71% surface of earth is covered from water bodies, more than 20%
of human population is facing serious water crisis. 97.3% of water present on earth's surface
is saline. Only 2.7% of surface water is available for humans as potable. With rapidly growing
population and such a small percentage of all the water on earth, it only makes sense that
we must preserve and conserve this precious resource. In India, the recycling and reusing
of water is more important because India owns a mere 2.42% of water resources which is
only 1/45th of the total in the world, while it is home to about 17% of world's population
which stands about 1/6th of the world. There are only 4% fresh water resources in the entire
world which is only 1/25th of total available drinking water on earth. Conservation of water
means using limited amount of water in a wisely manner and caring for it properly. Since
all of us depend on water to sustain life, it is our responsibility to learn more about water
conservation and how we can help keep our sources pure and safe for generations to come.
Water conservation requires great effort, every little bit helps. Hence it will be wrong that the
role of an individual does not matter. The present study deals with the importance of water
conservation and vital measures related to the issue of water conservation in present times.
Keywords: water conservation, water scarcity, availability of water, potable water
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 45

Evaluation of Plant Extracts as Alternative Teeth Whiteners

Arshi Naaj Afsana*, Namrata Sanjam Toppo, Karuna Snehlata Soren, Nishi Kullu,
Anshu Priti Lakra and Aditi Marandi
Abstract: Regarding health and aesthetic dentistry, beverages and spices give a negative effect.
Due to consumption of beverages and spices, teeth get affected as they get undesirable stains.
Removing stains are little tough when it is in case of teeth. Therefore, in aesthetic dental care,
teeth whitening has become a popular matter. Recent studies have shown that most human
teeth are not naturally pearl white. For whitening, bleaches and other products are used that
have chemicals and can attack sensitive tooth layer. To avoid this problem natural product are
being investigated as potent teeth whiteners nowadays. Based on this premise a study has
been carried out to evaluate the stain removal and examine teeth whitening effect by some
plant extracts, that has been extracted from pulp, latex, and peels of commonly found fruits.
Keywords: Beverages, Bleach, Dentistry, Latex, Spices, Stains, Teeth whitening
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 46

GROUP- C
Ecology and Biodiversity Restoration and
Conservation
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 47

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 48

Environmental Assessment of Kabar Tal Wetland: The Asia’s

Largest Fresh Water Oxbow Lake
1
Ravi Kant Anand and 2Rachna Kumari
1
Department of Geography, Ram Charitra Singh College, Manjhaul (Begusarai)
2
University Department of Geography, Ranchi University, Ranchi
Abstract: The Kabar Tal Lake or Kanwar Lake or Kabar Jheel is situated at 22 kilometers
north- west of Begusarai in Bihar spreading over an area of 7400 hectares during high floods.
Ecologically, it is one of the key wetlands for waterfowl. The world’s famous ornithologist
Salim Ali, officially, mentioned about the movement of 60 migratory birds which come all the
way from Central Asia in winter season and about 106 species of resident birds. More than 40
species of commercially valuable fish have been present. This lake is also known as “Kanwar
Jheel Pakshi Vihar” or “Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary”. Throughout the year, this lake has a rich
source of earning for the surrounding villagers. During rainy season, Sahanis (Local fishermen)
engaged themselves in fishing. Rest of the seasons, villagers has been switching over in other
activities such as bird trapping, collection of fodder, poaching, hunting, collection of plant
product and most important farming. During our visit, we found out that there has no proper
demarcation or legal boundary which brings the conflict situations between local farmers
and sahanis. During monsoon, sahanis fight for their fishing rights and when water level fall
back, the exposed lake bed is captured by the local farmers. This lake is now struggling for
their existence. The quality of water is degrading day by day which deteriorates the fresh
water ecosystem. The pH varied from 6.80 to 7.93, turbidity ranges between 0.1 to 5.1 NTU,
Dissolved Oxygen ranges between 2.2 to 5.6 mg/l, hardness ranges between 81 to 125 mg/l,
alkalinity ranges between 5.0 to 20 mg/l BOD ranges between 1 to 5.2 mg/l and COD ranges
between 1.10 to 7.40 mg/l. There are some key reasons responsible for their worst condition.
Some are over-fishing, siltation, illegal agricultural activities, soil erosion, nutrient removal,
profuse growth of macrophyte, shrinkage of water holding capacity, conversion of wetland
into agricultural land, poaching of migratory birds, agricultural chemical runoff, over-
irrigation, deforestation, land disputes, weak communication, human settlement, invasion by
exotic species, livestock grazing, and eutrophication.
This paper, therefore attempts to focus on the detailed analysis of environmental aspect of
the Kabar Tal Wetland because in recent pasts, this lake is near to totally dry. If this situation
persists in future too, then very soon we would study this lake only in books.
Keywords: eutrophication, migratory, poaching, siltation and waterfowl
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 49

Seasonal Variation and Physico-Chemical Analysis of Water at

Kalyanpur Wetlands Samastipur District, Bihar
Sushil Kumar
Research Scholar, R.B.S. College Andour, Samastipur
Abstract: Samastipur is the 5th largest district in term of population and 14th largest district
in terms of area (2904 km2) in the state of Bihar. Water is the most important determinant
for the established and maintenance of specific type of wetland and wetland process. The
modification of physic-chemical environment has a direct impact on the biotic in wetland.
Scientific information about the physio-chemical characteristic of wetlands are fragment as
only a few literature is available the wetlands of Samastipur are totally untouched till date.
So thought desirable to study hydrology of wetlands of Samastipur for assessing the water
quality aiming periodic fluctuation in physio-chemical properties of wetland water and their
interrelationship, various physic-chemical parameters of water was analysed month-wise in
the Kalyanpur wetland evaluating at station I to III Samastipur during 2015-2017 for a period
of two year as part of my Ph.D. thesis work.
The present paper deals with the analysed the water quality and seasonal variations of
Kalyanpur wetland of Samastipur district, North Bihar.
Keywords: Water, Wetlands, Kalyanpur, Physico-chemical, Population
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 50

Evaluating the Role of Wetland in Varying Human Comfort Index

Pranav Dev Singh and Kirti Avishek
Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra
Abstract: Wetlands have important functions in climate regulation. The microclimate

effects of wetlands are mainly realized through evapotranspiration and heat storage. On the
one hand, the thermal capacity of water is greater than those of soil, rock, and vegetation.
In comparison with land.water bodies can store more heat and decelerate temperature
variation; thus, wetlands can regulate the surrounding climate. For every land cover type in
wetlands, vegetation has a better stabilizing effect on temperature, whereas a water body has
a better stabilizing effect on wind speed and humidity. Meteorological conditions also affect
the microclimate regulation function of wetlands.
In this study authors determine the comfort index of the human body was performed in and
around Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary (NBS) wetland in the month of May 2019. The Nawabganj
Bird Sanctuary is spread in an area of about 3 sq km. For conservation of this wetland area
and its surroundings, Government of Uttar Pradesh declared the area as a sanctuary in 1984
since then this sanctuary is being managed and protected under the Wild Life Protection
Act, 1972. The avian inhabitants of Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary comprise residential as well
as non-residential migratory species.Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary (NBS) is situated in Tehsil
Nawabganj of District Unnao at National Highway- 25. Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary is situated
about 45 Km from Lucknow at Lucknow-Kanpur National Highway. NBS geographically
located at 26°37′09″N 80°39′11″E co-ordinates. The average rainfall is about < 1,000 mm
per annum and the temperature ranges from 10 C to 48 C, humidity is about 94%.
The bjective of the paper is to assess the comfort index of areas adjoining Nawabganj bird
sanctuary during May 2019.
According to the Wei Zhang “comfort index of the human body is employed to calculate human
comfort and analyze the response of the human body to the changes of the meteorological
elements.Temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed influence the cooling
function of urban wetlands, while solar radiation modifies the humidifying function of urban
wetlands”
With the help of CIHB index, it is concluded that wetlands have a regulating effect on the
comfort of the human body, local temperature, wind velocity, and relative humidity. Also,
impacts of climate change will vary depending upon the types, magnitudes, and rate of changes
in temperature, precipitation, runoff, atmospheric CO2 concentration, and other factors.
On the other hand, the temperature difference between water bodies and land causes local
lake breeze circulation and increases the average wind speed in a wetland region.
Keywords: Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary; evapotranspiration; heat storage; ambient heat
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 51

Medicinal Plants from Jharkhand Used for Skin Disorder

Sanjeev Kumar1, Shelvy Ritika Kujur1 and Sujata Kumari2
1
Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University Ranchi
2
S. U. College Hilsa Nalanda
Abstract: Plant extract have been used for centuries as a popular mode of treatment for
several health disorders. The study of those has attracted attention in different fields of
biological science. The presentation documents the efficacies of some plants from Jharkhand
for their potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of a few medicinal plants.
Skin diseases are numerous and a frequently occurring health problem affecting all ages from
the neonates to the elderly and cause harm in number of ways. Many people may develop skin
diseases that affect the skin including cancer, herbs and cellulitis. Some wild plant and their
parts due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity are frequently used to treat
skin-disorders.
Natural drugs from the plants are gaining popularity because of several advantages as
often having fewer side effects, better patient tolerance, being relatively less expensive and
acceptable due to a long history of use.
Keywords: Antiinflammary, Antioxidant, Activities
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 52

Development of Aquatic Biodiversity in Botanic Garden of Indian

Republic
Sheo Kumar
Central Regional Centre, Botanical Survey of India, Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change, Government of India, Allahabad, U. P.
Abstract: Botanic Garden of Indian Republic (BGIR) is functioning as a living repository of

more than 10,500 (total 10,666) individuals belonging to 1,230 plant species, which were
brought from 23 States of the country and are being conserved scientifically in different
sections/areas as per Article 9 of Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) i.e. ex-situ
Conservation. Amongst most species belongs to terrestrial habitat, so for conservation of
aquatic plants specially the National Flower i.e. Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. and other aquatic
macrophytic plant species including an amazing largest leaf bearing aquatic plant of the
world i.e. Victoria amazonica Poep. a water body measuring approx. 68 ft. long, 44 ft. wide
and 3 ft. deep was created in sandy land by laying a thick layer of left over solid and liquid
bentonite wastes generated while construction of piers of 2nd Metro route i.e. Magenta line
from Botanic Garden. Initially, desired result was not achieved, then water of developed water
body reclaimed by addition of fresh raw dung, organic as well as vermi-composts in requisite
proportion to nullify the alkalinity level of water. Resulted, microbial growth/film on bottom
of water body and other primary producers, flagellates and other biota occurred. Further,
on trial, different aquatic plants like 5 species of Nymphaea namely Nymphaea caerulea Sav.
(Blue) – 1, Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. (Yellow) – 6, Nymphaea pubescens Wild. (White) – 8
and Nymphaea rubra Roxb. ex Andrews (Red) – 7 (Least Concern ver. 3.1) and Nymphaea
colorata Peter (Violet) – 7 were introduced to create congenial condition for Nelumbo and
Victoria. Besides, under microscopic observation different phytoplanktonic forms and aquatic
fauna like copepod, shrimps, chironomids, tubifex tubifex, underwater insects, flies, pond
skaters, pieces like Labeo catla F. Hamilton, Channa punctata Bloch, Labeo rohita F. Hamilton,
etc. started growing and attracted avian fauna and other terrestrial creatures for feed and
drinking purposes which was evident by their foot marks all along on the bank under water
and nearby areas. Finally, Victoria amazonica Poep. developed and perish as the same is annual
plant whereas, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. grown luxuriantly along with Potamogeton crispus
L., Potamogeton natans L., Ceratophyllum demersum L., Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle and
still developing yearly. Thus, the aim of developing Aquatic Biodiversity in BGIR achieved in
totality.
Keywords: Bentonite waste, reclamation, micro & macrophytes, biodiversity, ex-situ
conservation
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 53

Feeding Ecology of Birds in Temperate and Subtropical Forest of

Pir Panchal Range of Middle Himalayan Chain of Doda, J&K
AJaz A. Wani and Deep N. Sahi
Department of Zoology Govt. Degree College Doda, J&K
Abstract: Birds as one of the significant fauna which are directly or indirectly related with the
human beings. Therefore avian diversity and its conservation is regarded as one of the major
issue to enable sustainable use of natural resources. It is necessary and need of the hour to
conserve the avian diversity in their natural habitat. The present paper deals with the survey
and feeding guilds and feeding substrate preference of birds carried out in temperate and
sub tropical forest in Pir Panchal range of Middle Himalayan chain of North West Himalayas
of erstwhile District Doda. The study area lies between 32O- 53” and 34O-21” North Latitude
and 750-1” and 76O-47” East Longitude with an elevation ranging between 700m to 4500m
and with varied climatic conditions. The present study documents 71 species of birds, out
of 71 reported species 26 species insectivores, 17 species were omnivores, 4 species were
grainivores and frugivores each, 12 species were carnivores and 7 species share more than
one feeding guilds.
Keywords: Avifauna, Pir Panchal, Himalayas, Diversity, Temperate, Subtropical feeding guilds
and Doda
Special Adaptive Feature of Plant Leonotis Nepetifolia in Jharia Coal Field

Subir Kumar Khawas and P. K. Mishra
P.G. Dept. of Botany, VBU, Hazaribag
Abstract: Leonotis nepetifolia L. which is generally considered a weed and commonly known
as Klipp Dagga, Lion’s tail, Granthiparna or Van tulsi by some local peoples is an annual
medicinal herbaceous plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae. The ecology of the plant is
spectacular. It can survive in harsh conditions of mines like coal fire, overburden dumping
and subsided land in some places the below ground temperature is always above 50 ̊C and
carbon monoxide level as high as 65 ppm. So the present study was conducted to find out
the ecological adaptive feature of of Leonotis nepetifolia growing in stressful conditions and
point out the differences with that of the same plant growing in undisturbed (controlled)
conditions. In the fire area where most of the plants failed to survive, this plant was growing
luxuriantly. Leonotis plants growing in that area has a special bubble like structure growing
during its vegetative stage was a special adaptive feature of this plant which help them to
survive in the extreme conditions of high temperature and low moisture content. However it
was found that there are many interrelated factors which is leading to the growth of this plant
in the stressful conditions.
Keywords: Leonotis nepetifolia, Jharia coal field, Stressful conditions, controlled condition
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 54

Study on Zooplankton Diversity of Three Different Water Bodies of

Ranchi
Saima Perween, Md. Pervej Alam*, Dipti Dungdung, Kumari Nirmala, Pragya Samridhi,
Shafaque Mirza, Sona Kumari, Chandni Kumari, Manish Kumar, Pooja Kumari,
Vandana Kumari, Manoj Kumar and Bharti Singh Raipat
Department of Zoology, St. Xavier’s College, Ranchi
Abstract: A study was carried out to examine the fauna diversity of zooplankton in three
ponds of Ranchi (Jora Talab, Bada Talab, Line Tank Talab) Jharkhand from June 2019
to July 2019. Various Physio Chemical parameters supporting diversity and production
of zooplankton were studied. Zooplankton play a very crucial role in CO2 balancing and
maintaining the integrity of ecosystem. The sample analysis revealed the presence of 4
species (Rotifers, copepod, cladocera, ostracoda). For the quantitative and qualitative analysis
various textbooks, monograms, and Effect of parameters (ph, temperature, alkalinity, colour
,free CO2) were taken. Joda Talab shows the the maximum diversity, while the line tank shows
the least. Upon quantitative analysis (using sedgewick rafter) it was seen that the turbidity
in Jora Talab is maximum and least in bara Talab. CO2 level was maximum in Bada Talab and
least in Jora Talab, highest ph was accounted by Jora Talab. The results obtained shows the
effect on species diversity of zooplankton due to various physio chemical changes.
Keywords: Alkalinity; Free CO2 content; pH; Sedgewick Rafter; Temperature; Turbidity;
Zooplankton
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 55

Distribution Pattern of Acetylcholinesterase in the Prosencephalon of

Two Indian Air Breathing Teleosts: A Comparative Study
Anurag Tripathi1 and Matiur Rahman2
1
Department of Zoology, K. A. P. G. College, Prayagraj
2
Department of Zoology, Doranda College, Ranchi
Abstract: Enzyme acetylchoinesterase which is supposed to be an effective marker

of cholinergic and cholinoceptive neurons, is differentially expressed in the various
prosencephaliccentres of fishes particularly in teleosts. In the present investigation two Indian
air breathing fishes,ChannapunctatusandHeteropneustesfossilishave been taken for the stdy
of acetylcholinesterase in the prosencephalon. Among the Pallial nuclei, medial and dorso-
lateral nuclei showed intense activity while ventral dorso lateral nucleus, central nucleus
showed moderate reaction. In contrast most of the Subpallial nuclei, showed high intensity.
In the light of the earlier and present findings, the highly intense nuclei might be considered
as Cholinergic, moderate nuclei as Cholinoceptive and the mild or negatively stained nuclei
are supposed to be non cholinergic. Finally, due to cholinergic and non-cholinergic roles
of acetylcholinesterase, it is inadequate to conclude about the exact nature of neurons but
present study will help in identification of various nuclei, previously unreported particularly
in prosencephaliccentres and showing contrast AChE intensity. It is interesting to mention
that variability has been observed in the grade of AChE intensity even in the homologous
nuclei of other air breathing teleosts. This study is thus, helpful in establishing homologous
brain centres among vertebrates particularly among fishes studied earlier.
Keywords: Cholinergic, Cholinoceptive, Diencephalon, Pallium
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 56

Induced Polypoid in Ecliptaalba for their Medicinal and Ecological

Importance
Narendra Prasad Roy1*, Vishal Patel2 and Bibhuti Narayan Rai3
1
Department of EWM, A.N. College, Patna
2
Centre for Fluorosis Research, A. N. College, Patna
3
L.B.T. College, Buxar
Abstract: Ecliptaalba (L.) Hassk commonly known as Bhangraya which belongs to a large
and highly natural family Asteraceae. This family is highest in scale of evolution among
angiosperms. The plant is highly medicinal and commonly used in scorpion sting, jaundice,
in preparation of hair dye, headache, and elephantiasis. It is a fast colonizing weed and
commonly grows in different environmental conditions in form of a small prostrate or a fully
erect plant. This is species is highly plastic and capable of forming populations through the
adjutant of their genetic system according to the environment in which they happen to grow.
An induction of artificial polyploid by 0.4 % aqueous solution of Colchicine was successfully
made in Ecliptaalba for the first time. The data obtained from the experimentally treated
materials have further beenanalyzed with all implications to understand the effect of
colchicine on chromosome structure, behavior and doubling the number. The artificially
produced tetraploid showed n = 22 bivalents as compared to normal bivalents n = 11 in
diploid plant. Different combination of univalent, quadrivalents and other multivalent were
also recorded. Morphologically tetraploid plants showed slower rate of growth, thicker and
wider leaves, swollen stem base, increase in the height of plant and larger seeds. Decreased
stomatal frequencies were also observed. The data of chromosomal association, chaisma
frequency and half chaisma per chromosome clearly indicate their plastic nature to form new
population, showing their role in ecological adaptation.However, the polyploid thus raised
did slow autopolyploidy in nature.
The main aim of such research project is:
To know the cause of morphological variations like prostrate and erect form of Elicptaalba
which may be an outcome of environmental influences or some genetical factor is associated
with such variations?
To produce polypoid of Ecliptaalba for the benefit of the human being which can be well
exploited in several ways including their medicinal properties.
The result of experimental manipulation will strengthens the contention that this species is
highly plastic and capable as forming populations and holds a clue to understand adaptability
of the species in different environmental condition.
That the chemical environment within the cell can change the meiotic behavior of a species.
Keywords: Polyploidy, Ecliptaalba, Medicinal, Ecological
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 57

Histoenzymological Distribution of Acetylcholinesterase in the Mid

Brain Nuclei of Two Airbreathing Indian Teleost Fish
Matiur Rahman
Department of Zoology, Doranda College, Ranchi University, Ranchi
Abstract: Mesencephalic or mid brain nuclei in teleost fishes comprise the nuclei of torus
semicircularis and tegmental nuclei located below Optic Tectum. In the present study a
modified histochemical technique has been employed to visualiseacetylcholinesterse (AChE)
containing neurons within these nuclei ofHeteropneustesfossilisandChanna punctatus. Torus
semicircularis can be distinguished in to central and lateral (TSc and TSl) cell groups in both
the fishes. The central part of the torus semicircularis consists of medium sized round to oval,
scattered soma with intense AChE activity. The lateral part (TSl) also comprises same type of
cell groups with scattered cells and these cell groups showed intense reaction in the fishes.
In the dorsal and rostral tegmental nuclei, the AChE intensity was very high in large sized
somata and these cells showed fusiform or round cell bodies. AChE positive cell were observed
in the whole rostrocaudal extension of the oculomotor nucleus. These cells showed large sized
somata with very intense AChE activity. The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
displayed AChE positive cells. The nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (NLL) and the perilmniscus
nucleus (PL) showed intense AChE stained cells with large sized round somata surrounding
the lateral longitudinal fascicle (LLF). The functional significance of the distribution pattern
has been discussed from comparative and functional point of view.
Key words: Tegmentum, Acetylcholinesterase, Somata, Nuclei
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 58

Distribution and Diversity of Macrobenthos in the Tropical Bare

Sedimentary Habitats: A Preliminary Investigation from the
Andaman Islands
Jawed Equbal1*, Ravi Rai2, Janarthan Balasubramaniam1 and Ganesh
Thiruchitrambalam¹
1
Deprtmentof Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry University, Brookshabad
Campus, Port Blair, Andaman Islands
2
National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Andheri (W), Mumbai
Abstract: The studies of soft bottom macrobenthic fauna are putatively recognized from
tropics. Present study described the distribution of intertidal faunal community, structure and
diversity from Port Blair coast. Six locations were sampled in the dry season (January, February
and March) for three years (2011, 2012 and 2014). In total, 6114 individuals belonging to
59 taxa were collected. Numerically, Polycheata was dominant group (75.3%) followed by
Crustacea (19.8%), Gastropoda, and Bivalvia. Spionidae, Orbiniidae, Ophellidae, Amphipoda,
Nassariusglobossus, andVeneridae bivalves were the most dominant taxa encountered. Mean
macrofaunal density (909±787 ind. m-2) at Phoenix bay and high diversity at Bamboo flat
(H’loge – 2.4 and d’ – 2.5) were associated with muddy substratum. Very high abundance
and relatively low diversity were observed at sandy beach environment (Carbyn’s cove 1383
ind. m-2). Bray-Curtis similarity-based cluster analysis distinguished the temporal pattern of
intertidal macrobenthic assemblages (Global R 0.347; P=0.1%). The rich organic food supply
rendered all trophic groups and described the stable features of benthic community. Chao2
estimates disagreed with asymptote value of taxa/species accumulation curve. The results
suggest that, the Port Blair coastal habitats harbor rich benthic diversity and therefore inherit
conservation status. Taxonomic inventory seems inevitable to address the gap of information
of benthic diversity from the region. A holistic approach of taking biotic and abiotic factors
structuring and controlling the benthic community distribution and resilience would be of
utmost priority.
Keywords: Macrobenthos, Diversity, Soft-bottom, Tropics
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 59

Phytochemical Screening and Spectrophotometric Analysis of

Pigments from Ethenomedicinal Underutilized Semi Aquatic Plant
Limnophilia(Muchri Sag) and Polygonum(Chemti Sag) of Jharkhand
S. Kashyap, A. Munjani, L. Rani, A. K. Choudhary and R. K. Pandey
Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi
Abstract: The present study was aimed for the phytochemical screening and
spectrophotometric analysis of plants pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid) of
twounderutilized semi aquatic plant Limnophilia(Muchri sag) andPolygonum (Chemti
sag)of Jharkhand. Both qualitative (screening) and quantitative (estimation) analysis of
metabolite (primary and secondary) was done. Qualitative study of plant pigment was
carried out by normal paper chromatography and quantitative study(chla and chlb) was
done by Arnon method and carotenoids by Lichtenthaler and Wellburn method respectively.
Screening of secondary metabolites was done by following standard laboratory protocols.
Paper chromatography result of Limnophilasp. revealed chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and
carotenoid with Rf value 0.38, 0.57 and 0.97 respectively. Result in case of Polygonum sp.
Revealed Rf value chlorophyll a was 0.75, chlorophyll b was 0.51 and carotene was 0.96 and
xanthophyll was 0.86. Spectrophotometric analysis was doneby UV-VIS spectrophotometer
showing absorption atwavelength 470nm for carotenoid , 645nm for chl a and 663nm for
chlb,.It was found that Limnophillasp contains 260.04µg/ml chlorophyll a(, 401.08 µg/ml
chlorophyll b,661.12 µg/ml total chlorophyll,884 µg/ml carotene. Polygonumsp contains
264.8 µg/ml chlorophyll a, 263.72 µg/ml chlorophyll b, 528.4 µg/ml total chlorophyll,824 µg/
ml carotene. Screening of secondary metabolite +ve showed the presence of saponin, Tannin,
terpenoids, Phyto steroid inLimnophilaspwhereas –ve test for Phenol, Alkaloids and resinin
ethnolic and acetone extract. in PolygonumSp test for Tannin, phenol, Terpenoids, Alkaloids,
Resin, Phyto steroid were +ve but Saponin –ve in PolygonumSp. Comparative study of result
of total chlorophyll showed that in Limnophila sp.>Polygonum sp.and carotenoid contents
were also higher in case ofLimnophila sp. in comparison to Polygonum sp. Screening of
secondary metabolite inethanoic and acetone extract showed the presence of saponin,
Tannin, terpenoids, Phyto steroid in Limnophilaspand absence of Phenol, Alkaloids and resin.
In PolygonumSptest forTannin, phenol, Terpenoids, Alkaloids, Resin, Phyto steroid were +ve
but Saponin test was–ve.
Keywords: Underutilized, ethenomedicinal, primary metabolite, secondary metabolite
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 60

Diversity and Characterization of Soil Bacteria Isolated from

Different Altitude of Ayodhya Hills of Purulia District, West Bengal
Halima Zohra and Subrata Raha
Department of Botany, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia
Abstract: The distribution of soil microbes is enormously diverse, which reflects the
microbial diversity in tune with soil health sustainability and affect biochemical systems
through mineralization, immobilization etc. Robert Constanza and his colleagues put a price
tag on nature’s life support services which is about 33 trillion in US $ out of which 50% is for
soil formation which is contributed by microbes. Plants are unable to take the nutrients from
the soil without the activity of microbes. Microbes are alive, and they consume nutrients from
the organic matter for their survival. Microbes have a wide range of habitat like air, water, soil,
and even extreme environments like hot springs, volcanic eruption etc.
In terms of microbial diversity, the present study included 12 bacterial strains isolated from
6 soil samples collected from Ayodhya hills [Upper (650m), Middle (450m) & lower (250m)
strata of the forest floor of Ayodhya Hills]. Firstly, the physico-chemical properties of the soils
were determined and bacterial colonies were isolated by soil dilution plating method. The CFU
of bacteria per gram of soil ranged between 106 and 109.The isolates were visualized under
compound microscope after Gram staining. The isolates were characterized for their growth
in different media and pH also. The isolates grew well at slightly acidic environment (6-6.5).
Surprisingly a high degree of multiple antibiotic resistances was noticed while studying the
anti-bio gram pattern of the isolates. Isolates were screened for their metal tolerance capacity
against heavy metals such as silver (Ag), gold (Au) and copper (Cu). When the 12 isolates were
screened for the production of industrially important enzymes by the plate assay method it
was observed that 83.3%,66.6%, 75%, 50%, 91.6%of the isolates were positive for amylase,
oxidase, Urease, Gelatinase, catalase respectively and Utilization of citrate by IMViC test
was also done for these isolates. Soil bacteria growing at acidic pH, having metal tolerance
capacity and producing industrially important enzymes could be novel elements for different
industrial process.
Keywords: Heavy Metals, Microbial diversity, Enzymes, Biochemical Tests
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 61

Ethno-veterinary Uses of Medicinal Plants among the Tribal People

of Purulia District, West Bengal
Manoranjan Paramanik and Subrata Raha
Department of Botany, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia
Abstract: Ethno-veterinary is a science that involves the knowledge to prevent and cure animal
diseases by the uses of plant materials. Purulia is a western most District of West Bengal and
a part of Chota Nagpur Plateau. Most of the tribal population found in the hilly and forest
areas of this District directly depends on plants for their daily life. Their main occupations
are cultivation, animal husbandry and hunting. The forests of this district are dry deciduous
and a rich in medicinal plants. In this study we have observed that tribal people mainly use
the medicinal plants for the treatment of livestock in traditional ways and a less numbers of
people accept the modern allopathic treatment for their livestock. It also observes that elder
people had more knowledge and experience particularly in remote areas about veterinary
ailments. The paper deals with 38 species of medicinal plants belongs to 26 genera under 25
families, which are used to cure diseases of livestock like Cow, Buffalos, Goat, Seep, etc. Among
the 38 species recorded 5 species belongs to Fabaceae, 4 species from Poaceae, 3 species from
Lamiaceae, 2 species from Annonaceae, Moraceae, Vitaceae and Euphorbiaceae and rest 19
families represents only one species.
Bamboo as a Source of Incurable Diseases: An Overview

Pankaj Kumar Singh1, Rajendra Kumar2 S. M. Prasad1 and Sunita Singh3
1
ICAR-Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand
2
ICAR-Indian Institute of wheat & Barley Research,Karnal, Haryana
3
ICFRE-Institutes of Forest Productivity, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: The bamboos are evergreen perennial flowering plant. Bamboo is the second
harvest plant after the China, making up nearly 12.5% of forest covered by Bamboo. Now
there is 11.4 million Hectare area of bamboo covered in India.
Out of that 129 species with 18 genera are found in India. In India there are 98 bamboo
species found only in North East. Bamboo a Plant of the family Gramineae (Poaceae) with
subfamily Bambusoideae is the longest grass all over the world & this grass (Bamboo) is the
fastest growing plant in the world. In many properties of bamboo, one of the most important
properties is the treatment of incurable diseases. The bamboos are considered phlegm,
calming, cooling, resolving. In ancient times, Chinese books were written on slats of bamboo
and since ancient times, bamboo has been used as a great source of medicine. Therefore it is
now necessary to review the medicinal properties of bamboo.
Keywords: Bamboo, medicinal value, phlegm resolving, tabasheer
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 62

Isolation and Characterization of Rhizobium Speciesfrom Selected

Crops of Legumes
Abhay Dungdung1, MukulAgrawal1, Rupa Verma1, Ladly Rani1, Ashok Kumar
Choudhary1 and Sudarshan Maurya2
Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi 834001, Jharkhand
1
2
ICAR–Research Complex for Eastern Region, Research Centre, Plandu, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: Nitrogen fixing bacteria are known to form symbiotic associations with some
members of all major groups of plants. As we know, biological nitrogen fixation is the cheapest
and environment friendly procedure in which nitrogen fixing microorganisms, interacting
with leguminous plants, fixes atmospheric nitrogen into soil. Rhizobiumis the known bacterial
species which acts as the primary fixer of nitrogen.In the present study, seven isolates of
Rhizobium species were isolated from their respective host on Yeast Manital Congo red Agar
(YMCA) medium with theaim of this study was to isolatenative Rhzobium species on the acidic
soil of Ranchi,Jharkhand. Out of seven isolates of Rhizobiumspecies, three Rhizobium species
which were isolated fromDolichos bean (Lablab purpureus), Arhar (Cajanus arietinum), Gram
(Cicer arietinum) were morphologically and biochemically characterized such as IAA, HCN
and ammonia production and their antibiotic sensitivity. These three isolates of Rhizobium
species were identified as a promising in their biochemical parametersand can be exploited
as a plant growth promotion, nitrogen fixation and induction resistance in crop plants were
applied as a seed or soil application in the acidic soil environment.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 63

Induction of Induced Systemic Resistance by Non-Host-Rhizobium

Interaction in Cultivated Legume
Mukul Agrawal1, Abhay Dungdung1, *Rupa Verma1, Ladly Rani1, Ashok Kumar
Choudhary1 and Sudarshan Maurya2
1
Department of Biotechnology, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Ranchi University,
Ranchi, Jharkhand
2
ICAR–Research Complex for Eastern Region, Research Centre, Plandu, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: As we know, deficiency and an excess of nitrogenin the soil may render plants
more susceptibleto disease. Rhizobiumspecies areimportantnitrogen fixing bacterial species
which increases the nutrient uptake, fixation of free atmospheric nitrogen and Induction of
Resistance in crop plants. In the present study,seven species of wild Leguminous plants,namely
Tephrosia (Tephrosia purpurea), Tick clover (Desmodium tortuosum), Karanj (Pongania
pinnata), Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo), Lupin (Lupinus albus), Gulmohar (Delonix regia) were
selected for isolation of Rhizobium species on YMCA medium.Isolated Rhizobium species
were characterized on the basis of their colony morphology and their biochemicalproperties
such as IAA, HCN production and ammonia production and antibiotic sensitivity test. Among
the isolated strains of Rhizobium,three strains (RC3, RC4, RC7) of Rhizobium species were
showed promising in their growth behaviour and entire biochemical test. These promising
isolated strains of Rhizobium species isolated from wild leguminous plants may be exploited
in mass multiplication for application ininduction of Induced Systemic Resistance in
Leguminous crop plants by non-host Rhizobium interaction to tackle further infection of the
crop plants.
Keywords: Rhizoium, Non-host, wild- leguminous,Induced Systemic resistance
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 64

Traditional Knowledge Ethnic Uses and Biodiversity Restoration of

Wild Edible Mushrooms by Tribal Communities in Jhakhand
Neelima Kumari and Anjani Kumar Srivastava
Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: This paper emphasizes diverse ethnic knowledge in the uses of variety of wild
edible mushrooms by the different tribes residing in the Ranchi district. Ethnic tribal people
have been using wild edible mushrooms since ancient time; they have learned its uses and
restoration from their ancestors. Questionnaires adapted to document mainly the ethnic
names, habitats, restoration and ethnic knowledge with regard to nutritional and medicinal
values. Maximum informants (47%) were 55 to 82 years old have significant traditional
knowledge. Jharkhand is agriculture based state with agrarian waste that provide suitable
substrate for growth of wild edible mushrooms, it biogenesis their own nutriment from
farming crops remnants .Mushrooms are decomposer so it abolish rot, spoiled and return
valuable and important nutrient to the soil, thus play very significant role in biodiversity
restoration and nutrient recycling in an ecosystem and prevent the food chain to disintegrate.
Mushrooms have been occupying a position in Jharkhand because of their aroma flavour,
variety, economic and ecological importance.
The research carried out shows that among 10 wild edible mushrooms species, 8 are used as
cuisine and 2 have medicinal values. In Jharkhand no written texts on ethnic knowledge with
regard to wild edible mushrooms are available the present study aimed to give information
on the diverse ethnic knowledge with regard to wild mushrooms, so that it uses as food,
medicine and source of income generation to enhance the socio-economic status of state.
Keywords: Cuisine, Medicinal values, Nutrient, Agrarian waste
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 65

Primary Productivity of a Healthy Fish Pond Suryapokhra in

Relation to Fish Culture Labeo rohita
Pawan Kumar1 and Rekha Kumari2
1
P.G. Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya
2
P.G. Centre of Zoology, A. N. College, Patna
Abstract: The study on pond productivity of Suryapokhra (Manpur,Gaya)depicts a clear

picture of the pond. It is one of the healthy pond in Gaya district.Various physico-chemical
parameters and phytoplankton diversity establish the effect on primary productivity
.Comparative study of three ponds were conducted from the month of June 2018 to the month
of November 2018. Phytoplankton diversity index was calculated by Shannon Wiener index.
Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05. There was a significant difference in temperature,DO,
conductivity,pH and secchi depth in three ponds(ANOVA;P<0.05) of Gaya. There was no
significant difference in nutrients measured in the three types of ponds(ANOVA,P>0.05). In
Suryapokhra pond, Chlamy -domonas and Volvox species were dominant while Anabaena
flos-aquae were dominant in Digghi pond. In Ramsagar pond, Microcystis aeruginosa was
dominant.In Suryapokhra pond, there was higher Shannon Wiener index 3.418, Digghi pond
3.0439 and Ramsagar pond 1.6414
A fish pond is an environment created by man which is unique in its own way that requires
proper management in order to achieve high productivity. Live water organisms comprise
of three main catagories namely; phytoplankton, nekton and the benthic organisms. Among
the above groups, Phytoplankton is important to fisheries and it is vital in influencing pond
productivity in terms of fish vields. Other physico-chemical parameters are also balanced
which are important for fish culture . Labeo rohita production is found in greater extent .
Keywords: Phytoplankton, Physico-chemical, Primary productivity, Shannon Weiner Index,
Suryapokhra Pond
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 66

Aboriginal Knowledge of Women in Biodiversity Conservation of

Rajmahal, Udhwa, Jharkhand
Nitu Bharti* & Sutanu Lal Bondya
P.G. Department of Botany, S.K.M. University, Dumka
Abstract: Indigenous knowledge refers to the empirical knowledge of a group of long time
inhabitants of specific locale and principle’s underlying its generation, organization, meaning
and diffusion. This definition includes the knowledge system of indigenous women who claim
to be the original inhabitants of the area. Such knowledge accumulated and developed through
many generation’s experience and modification is reflected in the form of present practices
for optimum resources use. Since 1970, indigenous knowledge and its use in designing &
implementing conservation strategies with local people’s participation, has become the main
focus to achieve conservation.
In agriculture societies around the globe women have tended to be the custodians of
biodiversity. Indigenous women mostly resides in biodiversity rich areas posses a wealth
of knowledge about the use and conservation of plant genetic diversity. This knowledge,
collected and developed over years of observation by trial and error, inference and inheritance
has remained with the tribes.
In this study area, indigenous women play an important role and take part in all activities
right from farming, collecting food, fodder and fuel from the forest to marketing their produce
in local hats. There is no restriction to their movement unlike other communities. Because
of their multiple roles and responsibilities as providers of food, fodder, fuel, health care and
other household needs, women have knowledge of various uses of plants. They have clear
understanding of seasonal variations and availability of these edible and medicinal plants.
They procure food items from the wild according to the season or whenever they are required.
The situation is far more difficult for designing conservation frameworks involving these
indigenous people safeguarding the resources since generations. It is still a quest to understand
the traditions and epistemologies of such societies living in harmony with the nature and to
seek answer to the complicated conservation challenge.
Keywords: Indigenous knowledge; Women; Biodiversity; Conservation; Jharkhand
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 67

Conservation of Biodiversity for Sustainable Future

Aniket Sarkar1, Monika Kumari1, Dibya Punam Minj1 and Swati Soren2
1
Zoology Department Ranchi University
2
St. Paul’s College, Ranchi
Abstract: The term biodiversity refers to the wealth of the earth, viz., the millions of plants,
animals and microorganisms that live on our mother earth, the genes they contain, and the
intricate and often delicate ecosystems they formulate. Human beings can coexist only with
the abundance and diversity of nature. The population explosion represents a catastrophic
scenario, as it exerts severe stress on our biological resources. There are millions of species of
plants and animals; every single variety could be valuable one day or the other. Our country
is endowed with a particularly rich biological heritage. Our wildlife resources need serious
economic management; only then there will be a suitable platform upon which to build our
conservation programme. Our wildlife is our greatest heritage and if once destroyed, wild
life can never be restored. The gap between the demand and supply can only be met through
sincere efforts, proper managerial skills and implementation of policy decisions in letter
and spirits; we will have to put on more resources for it, which will lead us to a sustainable
development. Sustainable development stresses on economic development alone with the
object of conservation of environment.
Keywords: Biodiversity, Biological, Explosion, Sustainable & Policy
Replacements of Natural Habitats in Ranchi by Artificial Elements

Leading to Negative Impact on Different Biological Taxa
Pratibha Yadav1, Annapurna Hansda1 and Swati Soren2
1
Department of Zoology, Ranchi University Ranchi, Jharkhand
2
St. Paul’s College, Ranchi
Abstract: This present research article deals with the study and survey of various areas in
Ranchi that once was natural habitat of numerous flora and fauna. These natural habitats
has now been replaced with factories, multiplexes, malls, organisations etc. The human need
has now taken a form of greed. The balance among trophic levels no more remains balanced.
An online and offline survey was conducted to know how much the natural home has been
affected. The results obtained were interpreted, analysed, and studied to get some solutions –
for making this Earth, not just home for humans also for plants and animals. This can be done
by sustainable development.
Keywords: Factories, Multiplexes, Sustainable Development.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 68

Tree Diversity Mapping and Quantitative Assessment of Tropical

Forests of Madhya Pradesh
Purabi Saikia1*, Amit Kumar1 and M. L. Khan2
1
School of Natural Resource Management, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi
2
Department of Botany, Dr. HarisinghGour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh
Abstract: The knowledge of floristic composition of any place is essential pre-requisite

for the study of ecosystems. Species diversity varies greatly through space and time and it
is necessary in the taxonomic field to asses and evaluates the floristic composition of the
region time to time. The present study attempted to study the floristic composition of forests
vegetation of Madhya Pradesh.To determine the tree diversity, 412 transects of 125 m x 40 m
size have been laid in 373 grids of 14 different districts of MP. A total of 43,345 individuals of
trees are recorded from 206 ha sampled plots with maximum tree density (individuals ha-1)
of 750 (Grid No. 157 of Hoshangabad district) and minimum of 34 (Grid No. 6372 of Neemuch
district) with a mean of (244±6.05 SE). Similarly, a maximum of 31 and minimum of 01 with
a mean of 10 ±0.26 (SE)tree speciesare recorded per transects.Out of the 335 plant species,
122 are trees, 25 shrubs, 182 herbs, 01 liana, and 05 climbers of which 40 species (11.94 %)
are IUCN Red listed includingDalbergialatifoliaRoxb.,PterocarpusmarsupiumRoxb.,Santalum
album L. The total tree density of the studied forests is very less (235individuals ha-1), but
the basal cover is quite high (155295m2ha-1). The area is highly diverse in terms of tree
diversity with 3.49 (Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index), 0.05 (Concentration of Dominance),
0.72 (Evenness Index), 33 (Effective number of Species), 12.27(Margalef’s Index of Species
Richness) and 0.63 (Menhinick’s Index of Species Richness).Higher plant diversity (335) and
fair regeneration status of trees suggesting that the studied forests are important ecologically
and effective management strategies can be developed for the restoration and sustainable
management of varioustree species of Madhya Pradesh.
Keywords: Tree diversity, dominance, population status, conservation concern
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 69

The Antibacterial Evaluation of Moringa oleifera Leaf-Extracts on

Selected Bacterial Pathogen
Jessica Rene Hansdah, Aroma Aishwarya Barla, Deepshikha, Sakshi Priya, Tamanna
Pali, Divya Barla, Rajeev Ranjan Singh and Arunima
Department of botany, St. Xavier’s College, Dr. Camil Bulcke Path, Ranchi
Abstract: Moringa oleifera is one of the miracle tree, widely cultivated throughout India,
belongs to Moringaceae family. According to Ayurveda every part of the tree is used as a
nutritive herb and is also known to possess valuable pharmacological properties. The
present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of leaf extract of M. oleifera on E. Coli for
antibacterial properties using disc diffusion method. This article describes habitat, collection,
followed by in-vitro antibacterial activity.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera , antibacterial properties, E.coli, disc diffusion
An Ethnobotanical and Phyto-Chemical Studies of Some Medicinal

Plants of Dachigam National Park, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
Shalu Devi Thakur
Faculty of Forestry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology,
Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
Abstract: The study of ethno botany was carried out along with the ethnic groups residing in
the vicinity of the National Park. In the present study 21 plant species belonging to 17 families
were included. In this assertion, the information collected from the traditional healers was
used to compare with the already accessible literature on the ethnobotany of India. The
conventional ethno medicinal plants were mostly used for fever, dysentery, skin diseases,
poison bites, wounds, piles and rheumatism. The medicinal plants used by traditional users
are arranged alphabetically followed by botanical name, family name, local name, major
chemical constituents and medicinal uses.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 70

Relative Impact of Different Photoperiodic Conditions on Larva of

Antheraea Proylei Jolly
Monisha Madhu, Niwas Dubey Azad and Vinod Kumar Sing
P.G. Dept. of Zoology , Magadh University, Bodh-Gaya, Bihar
Abstract: Antheraea proylei is a newly introduced hybrid Oak Tasar in North Eastern states
of India. The larval colour varies from light green to bluish green. Particularly the seasonal
changes in photoperiodic activity was studied. The photo period during summer and autumn
showed maximum efficiency of the larva. It was observed that the total larval duration was
35-40 days but as per the change of photoperiodic time during different seasons showed
different time durations and it may reduce the 5th instar larval duration to 10 to 12 days only.
It was also seen that in spring 55.63%, in summer 43.26%, and in autumn 48.25% of larvae
showed positive correlation with day time.
Keywords: Antheraea proylei, Oak Tasar, photoperiodic activity , seasonal changes
Aeropalynology of Parthenium hysterophorus, in Chauras Campus

of H.N.B.G.U., Srinagar, Uttarakhand
Shikha arya1, Prabhavati Tiwari1 and Alok Sagar Gautam2
1
Department of Botany and Microbiology, HNB Garhwal University Srinagar
2
Department of Physics, HNB Garhwal University Srinagar
Abstract: The study was conducted to gain knowledge about the occurrence of Parthenium
hysterophorus pollen at Chauras Campus, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A
Central University) Uttarakhand (30013’36”N , 78048’14”E and elevation 640m) located
at the right bank of Alaknanda river. Pollen grains are known as important aeroallergens of
biological origin. The genus Parthenium hysterophorus (congress grass) was chosen on the
basis of its allergenicity. A conventional rotorod sampler was used for the sampling purpose.
The study was conducted for three months i.e. May, June and July of the year 2019. The daily
hourly data were collected for 12 hours i.e. 7 am to 7 pm. Clear Days (No Rain) hours were
taken into consideration for aerobiological investigations. Highest Parthenium pollen count
were recorded on 31st July at 2pm with 369 pollen. One pollen episode for 31st July at 2pm
was examined using back trajectory analysis. The trajectory analysis show the most possible
long distance transport path of Parthenium pollen .
Keywords: Aeroallergens, pollen grains, rotorod sampler, back-trajectory analysis
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 71

The Antifungal Evaluation of Moringaoleifera

Ajay Kumar Shrivastava,Jessica Rene Hansdah, Aroma Aishwarya Barla, Sakshi Priya,
Tamanna Pali, Divya Barla, Rajeev Ranjan Singh, Deepshikha and Arunima
Department of Botany, St. Xavier’s College, Dr. Camil Bulcke Path,Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: Moringaoleifera is one of the miracle tree, widely cultivated throughout Indiawhich
belongs to Moringaceae family. According to Ayurveda every part of the tree is used as a
nutritive herb and is also known to possess valuable pharmacological properties. The present
study was conducted to evaluate the effect of leaf extract and bark extract of M. oleifera for
antifungal properties using disc diffusion method. This article describes habitat, collection,
followed by in-vitro antifungal activity.
Keywords: Moringaoleifera, antifungal properties, disc diffusion, Leaf and bark extract
Sustainable Conservation of Indian Sarus Crane in and around

Alwara Lake of District Kaushambi, U. P.
Ashok Kumar Verma
Department of Zoology, Govt. P.G. College, Saidabad Prayagraj, U. P.
Abstract: Indian sarus crane is the state bird of Uttar Pradesh. The Sarus crane (Grus antigone)
is the world’s tallest flying bird and is the only resident and non-migratory breeding crane of
Indian subcontinent. The sarus is well known as an eternal symbol of unconditional love,
devotion and good fortune with high degree of marital fidelity as they pair for lifelong. This
bird is now globally threatened due to the shrinking of wetlands, reduction in safe mating
sites and increased anthropogenic activities. Present study is designed to study the number
of sarus crane in the year 2018 in and around the Alwara Lake of district Kaushambi (Uttar
Pradesh) India and their comparison to its number recorded from 2012 to 2017 in the
same study area. This systematic study reflects an increase in the number of sarus crane at
sustainable level in the area studied due to better ecological and climatic conditions of the
lake.
Keywords: Alwara Lake; Sarus crane; Wetland; Threatened; Conservation; Awareness
campaign
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 72

Dominancy of Cypriniformes Fishes in Alwara Lake of District

Kaushambi (U.P.)
Shri Prakash
Department of Zoology, K.A.P.G. College, Allahabad, U. P.
Abstract: During survey and investigation of Alwara lake of district Kaushambi, Uttar
Pradesh for fish biodiversity in 2016, a total of 89 species of fishes belonging to 45 genera,
21 families and 9 orders were identified. This huge ichthyo-diversity is due to its connection
with holy Yamuna River during rainy and flood season. The fishes identified and studied
belong to nine orders namely Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Perciformes, Ophiocephaliformes,
Mastacembeliformes, Clupeiformes, Mugiliformes, Synbranchiformes and Beloniformes.
Fishes of order Cypriniformes were found most dominant represented by 43 species followed
by Siluriformes order with 18 species and then by Perciformes order with 10 species.
Keywords: Alwara lake, Fish bio-diversity, Fish fauna, Cypriniformes, sarus crane, conservation
Study of Tree Species of DSPM University Campus with Special

Reference to Their Economic Importance
Shobha Kumari
Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi
Abstract: The current paper deals with the tree species available in the DSPMU campus. The
survey was conducted in the campus from the year 2016-2018. A total of 30 tree species were
found in the campus. The dominant species where Swietenia mohogoni (L.) Jacq; Cassia fistula
L.; Delonix regia (Bojer.ex Hook)Raf.; Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don out of 30 tree species. The
medicinal importance of trees were also explored with the help of locally available literature
as well as with the help of herbal practitioners residing in villages adjacent to university
campus.
Keywords: Tree species, medicinal importance, herbal practitioner, DSPMU
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 73

Control of Nuisance Aquatic Plants and Algae from the Ponds of

Pakur
Dina Nath Mishra and Prasanjit Mukherjee*
Department of Botany SRT College, Dhamri
*Plant Taxonomy and Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, KKM College ,
Pakur
Abstract: Aquatic plants and algae row by its own in all the major water bodies. The growth
of these plants are important and desirable in them water bodies. Algae act as food for
zooplankton, insects and fish.
Aquatic plants helps in providing the rearing environment and nursery areas for young fish.
These aquatic plants and algae becomes a problem, when they attain annoyance magnitude
in areas used for fishing , swimming and boating.
The control of these aquatic weed sand algae is very important. There are various methods
of the weed control Viz. Physical , Chemical , Biological and the important one is the control
through utilization.
In the current paper the various methods of weed control has been discussed in detail.
Keywords: Weed Control, Physical, Chemical, Biological, utilization
Comparative Study of Cystoliths of Family Acanthaceae and Family

Moraceae
Madhulika Singh, Jessica Rene Hansdah, Utkarsh Ojha, Dona Chakraborty, Deepasha
Kumari, Prernashalini Kujur, Saleen Marandi, Purva Nanda
Department of Botany, St Xavier’s College, Ranchi
Abstract: Cystolith is a stalk-like crystal of calcium carbonate formed inside an epidermal

cell by crystal growth on to an ingrowth from the cell wall. A cell containing a cystolith is
known as a lithocyst. It is found in family Acanthaceae and Moraceae. According to a APG
IV classification system, the two families are not closely related yet show the presence of
cystolith in the epidermal layer of their leaf. The aim of the paper is to study the cystoliths in
the following family and compare them.
Keywords: Acanthaceae, Cystoliths and Moraceae
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 74

Studies on Weed Infestation in the Water Bodies of Jharkhand

Prasanjit Mukherjee and Jyoti Kumar*
Plant Taxonomy and Ecology Research Laboratory, Dept. of Botany, KKM College, Pakur
*University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi
Abstract: Obnoxious growth of aquatic plants in the water bodies is considered as aquatic
weed. A study conducted in the major water bodies to make an inventory of aquatic plants
of Jharkhand from the year 2014 to 2019has revealed that most of the ponds in the state is
badly infested with weeds. These weeds hamper the effective use of the water .Same time the
death and decomposition of these weeds reduces the water depth.
Out of 24 districts Eichhornia crassipes is present in almost all the districts and it is
destroying the ponds like anything. This species is the dominated specie and is considered
as the worlds’s largest number one aquatic weed. Next the Eichhornia crassipes comes the
Alternanthera philexoroides which is the world’s second number aquatic weed commonly
called alligator weed. It has been observed that in most of the place Eichhornia crassipes
is being suppressed by Alternanthera philexoroides. This species is also present in through
the state. Another dominated aquatic weed is the Pistia stratiotes which has been sparsely
distributed in the state but heavily infestation is observed in the districts of Santhal Parganas.
Some other species which has been observed in the ponds which ha infested the ponds are
Nelumbo Nucifera, Nymphaea nouchalli, Hydrilla verticillata, Salvinia molesta, Vallisnaria
spiralis etc.
There is an urgent need to take appropriate measures to cheek the entry of alien invasive plant
species. Surveillance (monitoring and reporting on invasions) is fundamental mechanism to
manage invasive alien species, including pests and diseases. Information on invasive species
with correct taxonomic name and geographic reference is critical importance for prevention.
Keywords: Weed infestation, Aquatic plants, Invasion
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 75

Studies on Dominant Alien Invasive Species in Jharkhand

Shambhu Nath Mishra and Prasanjit Mukherjee*
Institute of Forest Productivity, Lalgutwa, Ranchi
*Plant Taxonomy and Ecological Research Lab, Department of Botany,KKM College, Pakur
Abstract: Alien invasive plant species are non native, exotic plant species which are migrated
from the another world. A study was conducted in some of the districts of Jharkhand from
the year 2012 – 2017 to know about the dominance of alien invasive species. The dominant
terrestrial species are Parthenium hystropherous, Lantana camara , Eupetorium Sps. Beside
this some of the other species which has been reported are ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Lantana
camamra, Ipomea carnea, Senaa alata, Cassia occidentalis,Leonotis nepetifolia, Xanthium
stromerium,Antegonon leptopus, Solanum xanthocarpum, Calotropis procera ,Calotrpis
gigantia,Ricinus communis, Tridex procumbens, Croton sparsiflorus,Datura alba .Peniisetum
pedicellutum is new species report and becoming dominant in the state. As far aquatic
invasive species is concerned Eichhornia crassipes is still the dominated species next is
Alternanthera philexoroides and Pistia stratiotes .In the present communication details of
the dominant species of alien species in Jharkhand has been discussed.
Keywords: Alien Invasive Species, Dominant, Jharkhand
A Preliminary Study on Amphibian Biodiversity in and around

Gaya City
Nalinaksh Pankaj1 and Bhirgunath2
1
Research Scholar, Deptt of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodhgaya, 2A. M. College, Gaya, Bihar
Abstract: Amphibians are earliest tetrapods and regarded as the intermediate life forms
between fish and reptiles. The modern amphibians during their successful radiation
throughout world have achieved a variety of modification. To determine the diversity and
distribution of amphibians around various study sites of gaya distt. (latitudes -24.7213° N
and longitude-84.8568° E ) three survays were undertaken in 2018 and 77 anuran amphibian
specimens were collected belonging to 5 species 4 genera and 3 families. Anuran amphibia
are distributed in and around gaya city widely.Among the anuran Duttaphrynus melanostictus
(Schneider, 1799)under genus Duttaphrynus (Frost et al. 2006), of family Bufonidae Gray
1825 was predominant (42.13%). Some other species of anuran such as Hyla(tree frog family
hylidae) and Rana are also found predominantly in this area. Order Apoda and Urodela was
not found. No endangered species of Amphibia was found during study period. This study
showed that areas of gaya are rich in amphibian species.This was preliminary studies of
Amphibian diversity in and around Gaya but further study must explore the new species and
their habitat.
Keywords: Tetrapod, Anuran amphibians, Duttaphrynus melanosticus, Hylidae
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 76

Traditional medicinal plants used by local vaidyas in Rishikesh

Anil Kumar1, Nidhi Kumari, Shreya Sen Das, Venkatesh Anand, Bhawna Bharti, Yash
Utkrisht, Udit Prakash Tirkey.
U.G students of Department of Botany,St. Xavier’s College, Ranchi, JharkhandDepartment of
Botany, 1Pt. LMS Govt. P.G. College Rishikesh, Dehradun, Uttarakhand
Abstract: Throughout the Indian sub-continent, all earlier medical branches have developed
and refined different treatments based on preparations made from available natural resources.
Traditional knowledge of local Vaidyas (practitioners of Ayurveda) about medicinal plants
and their importance in local healthcare practices is well known since vedic time. However,
mode of applications of the different medicinal plants is lacking from many remote areas of
the country. The research work was initiated in the vicinity of Rishikesh of Uttarakhand state,
as it has unique habitat specificity and availability of Vaidyas. Of 39 different plant species
collected, 24 herbs, 8 trees, 5 shrubs and 2 climbers were used for curing a total of 34 diseases
such as headache, fever and intestinal problems. Rhizome/tuber/roots (41.66%), followed by
leaves (31.66%), fruits/seeds (15%), twigs/barks (6.66%), flowers (3.33%) and whole plant
(1.66%) were used forcuring different ailments.
Keywords: Ayurveda; medicinal plants; Uttarakhand; vaidyas in Rishikesh
Ecological impacts of species diversification in Arambhda reef in the Gulf of Kachchh

Pan, P.K.,1 Gorai, A.C,2 and Sadhu, D.N.3
Eological Research Laboratory, R.S.P(P.G.) College, Jharia, Dhanbad.
Dept. of Zoology, R.S.P. College ,Jharia.
Dept. of Zoology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag.
Abstract: The coastal zones all over the world are the regions where high biological productivity
can be observed. This high biological productivity is the part of global ecosystem dynamicity.
Moreover rocky seashore is the richest biodiversity area among the different intertidal zones
over the world. For this here Hanuman Dandi and Arambhda reef were chosen to quantify
the flora and fauna, listing of species and to conclude qualitative aspect by calculating IVI
values. Qualitative aspect is the outcome interactions with other biotic and abiotic factors.
Beyond the natural drawbacks of the semi-arid region—the Gulf of Kachchh this quantitative
data mainly intensified the sixth episode of species extinction, i.e., human activities. Since the
origin of earth there were 5 episodes of mass extinction of species occurred in past. This is
the current episode of species extinction, if we visit to the Hanuman Dandi reef, the cause of
species reduction is affected by cleanliness of environment. But diversification of Arambhda
reef and the other adjacent reef located in the main land is affected mainly by polluting the
reef environment.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 77

Community Structure of Odonata Naiads in a Fish Culture Pond in

Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal
Anindya Pattanayak1*, Priti R Pahari2 and S.N.P Yadav Deen1
1
P.G Dept of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh-Gaya, Bihar
2
P.G. Dept of Zoology, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Tamluk, Purba Medinipur
Abstract: In the present study, total 11 species of Odonata larvae were recorded in a managed
fish farming pond at Tamluk Rajbari (22019’52.56”N, 87056’16.72”E). Order Anisoptera
was predominant in all seasons (59.9%) but in monsoon it showed maximum abundance
(69.29%), whereas Zygoptera showed least abundance(30.71%) in the same season but
maximum in post-monsoon(49.57%). Out of 3 families, Libellulidae represented by 7 species,
was numerically highest in monsoon (65.52%) and lowest in pre-monsoon (51.63%), but
Coenagrionidae represented by 4 species, showed maximum and minimum abundance in
monsoon (47.07% ) and pre-monsoon (22.64%) respectively. Observation showed, in this
lentic habitat different species followed different population fluctuation-patterns leading to
temporal niche separation. Only one species Zyxoma patiolatum (Rambur,1842) of family
Libellulidae showed maximum abundance in pre-monsoon (30.66 ± 6.17), and in monsoon
Pantala favescens(Fabricius,1798) of Libellulidae showed the highest abundance but post-
monsoon Careagrion coromandelianum (Fabricius,1798) of family Coenagrionidae showed
maximum abundance (31.66 ± 7.31). This population fluctuation may be due to availability of
food items, types of host plants or some environmental conditions like temperature, pH, D.O,
N,P,K etc. Pantala flaveacent (Fabricius,1798), was only observed in monsoon but found totally
absent in other seasons. Community analysis of order Odonata revealed that the fish culture
pond under investigation showed less diversity, as indicate by Shanon General Diversity index
(H’ = 2.33) , Dominance index (0.102) and Equitability index (0.972).
Keywords: Odonata larvae, Libellulidae, Coenagrionidae, Diversity index
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 78

Compilation and Identification of Spore Print of Mushrooms Found

in Ranchi
Dileep Kr. Mahto, Prity Kri. Sahu, Kunal Krishna, Azad Jha, Rajat Kr. Choudhary and Fr.
Prabhat Kennedy Soreng S.J.*
Department of Botany, St. Xavier’s College Ranchi
Abstract: Thefruitifications of several mushrooms and morels are used as food since time
immemorial and esteemed delicacies. Mushrooms are preferred for food because of their
farely large protein content (21-30%). But it is very important to distinguish between the
edible and non- edible mushrooms. Fungi grow mushrooms to produce and distribute their
spores.
The spore print is the powdery deposit obtained by allowing spores of a fungal fruit body to
fall into a surface underneath. Spore prints are used for three main purposes - mushroom
identification, cultivation and also art.
The Biological Diversity Act 2002, provides for conservation of biological diversity and fair
and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use of traditional biological resources
and knowledge. Deciduous forests and humid climate in rainy season are responsible for rich
diversity of mushrooms in Ranchi.
So this study is an effort for documentation of diversity of mushrooms in Ranchi, tribal and
traditional knowledge about them and to compile them in the form of spore prints.
Keywords: Mushrooms, Diversity, identification, Spore print, Ranchi
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 79

parvin Role in Indirect Flight Muscles (IFM) Development in

Drosophila melanogaster
Ushashi Ain, Jane Soreng and Hena Firdaus
Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: Among the adult muscles of D. melanogaster, the most prominent ones are the two
types of thoracic flight muscles: the DFMs (Direct Flight Muscles) and IFMs (Indirect Flight
Muscles). The IFM comprises two antagonistic muscle sets: DVMs (Dorso-ventral muscles)
and DLMs (Dorsal-Longitudinal muscles). Integrin and other linker proteins connect the
cytoskeleton and membrane of tendons and muscles to thick layer of extracellular matrix
component deposited in between them. This cell-to-ECM adhesion via integrin is essential for
development, homeostasis. The extracellular domain of integrin binds to ECM ligands while
intracellular domain binds to several IAPs (Integrin Associated Proteins). Among the 150
different IAPs, ILK-PINCH-parvin forms the tripartite IPP complex which is the central to the
adhesome network and maintains integrin-actin link. The studies show that, the phenotypic
defects of parvin, display defective cell shape, size and increased mortality in embryonic and
larval fly stages. The present study aims to find out role of parvin in IFM development in
adult D. melanogaster. We started with basic fly husbandry and then proceeded in setting up
crosses as per mating scheme. Then parvin downregulated mutants were examined andthe
percentage lethality was calculated. Through the microscopic imaging the degenerated early
and late pupal stages of the mutants were analysed. The adult escaper was dissected and the
polarized light imaging showed no DLM formation and incomplete DVM formation. At the
gene expression level, we got low intensity bands corresponding to amplicon length 280bp
in mutants as compared to the control. It was concluded that parvin down regulation caused
lethal effects in most of the cases, showing sublethal effects in a few and adult eclosion in
very rare cases. However the eclosed adult escaper, was flightless with no DLM and few DVM.
Hencethe DLM formation is more dependent on parvin expression than DVM. Therefore it we
can infer that parvin downregulation is not compatible with viability and IFM development
in adult D. melanogaster.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 80

Traditional Knowledge About Some Plants of Family Cucurbitaceae

Madhu Laxmi Sharma
Govt. K.R.G. P.G. Autonomous College, Gwalior, M.P.
Abstract: Since time immemorial, plants served as the best source of medicines to treat different
illness. Medicinal plants have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since
prehistoric times. Today, a variety of available plants are used and enjoyed throughout the
world and continue to promote good health. Among a large number of plants; many of them
are actively used as a source of treatment of many disorders or to manage different ailments.
Traditional knowledge refers to practices of indigenous and local communities. In recent past
years public awareness is enhanced towards the protection of traditional knowledge. After
human, started to use languages, they started recording traditional medical information of
plants. Plants are an important source of medicine and they play a key role in the health.
Medicinal plants have been known to be an important potential source of therapeutics or
curative aids. The use of medicinal plants has attained a commanding role in all of the health
system all over the world. In recent past years public awareness is enhanced towards the
protection of traditional knowledge. The present paper deals with traditional knowledge
about some plants of family Cucurbitaceae.
Keywords: Traditional knowledge, Medicines, Cucurbitaceae
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 81

The Uniqueness of Sal Ecosystem in Jharkhand

Dhirendra K. Srivastava1, Prince Joy Xalxo, Trija Manya Kerketta, Priya Xalxo , Anshu
Surin, Nisha Tirkey and Simpy Anandi Malto
Department of Botany, St. Xavier’s College, Ranchi; 1Retired Chairman, JPSC
Abstract: The present study describes the floristic composition and dominance pattern of
Sal (Shorea robusta)forest in Ranchi, Jharkhand eastern India. Vegetation was studied in 47
belt transects (50 ×100m) that had 147 plant species (110 identified and 37 unidentified)
belonging to 51 families. The family Fabaceae with 17 species contributed the most to
diversity, followed by Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Tree density in Sal was inversely
related to species richness. Total tree density in the studied forests was 397 individuals
per hectare, with a basal cover of 262.50m2 per hectare. Important plants of conservation
concern are Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb, Andrographis paniculata Wall, Sterculia urens
Roxb, Tinospora cordifolia Miers, and Asparagus densiflorus Jessop. Phanerophytes had the
highest percentage followed by therophyte. Observed percentage deviation from normal life
form was much lower in both chamaephytes and therophytes, suggesting that the studied
Sal forests are favourable for supporting various plants species. The forest management
strategies should focus on the increasing demands for different timber and non-timber forest
products to conserve the plant diversity of these natural forests.
Keywords: Sal forest, Species richness, Life form, Conservation, Jharkhand
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 82

Assessment of Genetic Variation in Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb.

(Kendu Patta) Germplasm Using DNA Markers, Implication for
Genetic Enhancement and ex situ Conservation
Amita Kumari and Avinash Kumar
Dept. of Botany, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, Jharkhand
Abstract: Diospyros melanoxylon (Family – Ebenaceae), commonly known as Kendu or

Tendu. Its leaves are used in the manufacture of Indian crude cigarette ‘bidi’. The species is
well-known for its medicinal uses since ancient times in many traditional medicinal systems
such as Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine and the African folklore. They have been used
extensively in Indian traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases including diarrohea,
cholera, dysentery, intermittent fevers, bleeding gums, bronchitis, cough, cramps, pneumonia,
syphilis, tumors, etc. In recent years, there has been an increase in the awareness of the effects
of deforestation on biodiversity in tropical forests. Unfortunately, studies that have been
conducted in tropics tend to concentrate on populations separated by only a few kilometers.
This lack of knowledge concerning patterns of diversity in populations of tropical tree species
means that our ability to assess the magnitude of diversity loss is severely restricted. There is
still general lack of information of the tree species distributed over large geographical regions.
In the present study, we employed RAPD markers to determine the nature and extent of
genetic diversity of D.melanoxylon Roxb.germplasm resources of representative 48 genotypes
belonging to 8 populations, from different parts of the Jharkhand. The RAPD fingerprints
detected73.96% polymorphism among 96 genetic loci amplified from the 48 genotypes. The
maximum polymorphism was recorded within genotypes collected from West Singhbhum.
The dendrogram thus generated resulted into clustering of populations into region specific
groups with one exception. The gene flow calculated was found to be 1.0776, indicative of a
very high amount of genetic exchange taking place within the species.The results obtained
are very interesting and informative with regard to not only genetic diversity diagnostics but
also from the point of view of utilization for its genetic conservation, as above.
Keywords: RAPD, genotypes, polymorphism, gene flow
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 83

Stability Analysis in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Genotypes Based

on AMMI Model
C.S. Mahto*, Surya prakash and Niraj Kumar
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ranchi Agriculture College
Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi
Abstract: The challenge put forward for the plant breeder has been to develop cultivars that
are stable across a range of environments. The goal of breeding stable genotypes may be
translated as the goal of minimizing genotype environment interaction, which makes the
selection of high yielding genotypes easier. Genotypes respond differently across a range of
environments i.e., the relative performance of varieties depends on the environment. The GxE
interaction makes it difficult to select genotypes that produce high yields and that are more
stable in breeding programs. This, of course, reduces the selection progress (Yan & Hunt,
1998). Genotypic stability analysis is a useful tool to assess the performance of genotypes
over varying environments. The present experiment aimed to find stable genotypes out of 12
mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) lines for cultivation in different agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand.
With this objective the experiment was conducted at Pulse section of Birsa Agricultural
University Farm in RBD (Randomized Block Design) for 3 years continuously in 2015, 2016
and 2017. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model was used
to analyses the yield and yield component traits data of mungbean. The Additive Main Effects
and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model has developed a new statistical method for
analyzing the genotype by environment interaction. However, there is no quantitative criterion
for evaluating stability differences among varieties in the AMMI analysis. Implications and
relevant questions were also discussed for the application of the AMMI analysis. Main effects
due to environments (E), genotypes (G) and G × E interaction were found significant for 50%
flowering, maturity, plant height, number of pods per plant and grain yield per ha (P < 0.01)
except number of seeds per plant. The two components, Interaction Principal Component
Axis 1 (IPCA 1) and IPCA 2, was found statistically significant (P < 0.01) for all the traits
studied except number of seed per plant. The study revealed that expression of mungbean
genotypes varies between different environments and brings out the suitability of specific
genotype to rainfed condition of Jharkhand through the biplot. Interaction Biplot analysis
inferred that the genotypes with less interaction in both axes are positioned near the origin
and vice-versa. Hence, genotypes near to the origin namely, RMG 1030, ML 2333, HUM 27 and
IPM2-3 (Check) are considered as more stable than others. The present statistical analysis of
yield trials of mungbean with the AMMI model has revealed practical implications for plant
breeding research towards in mungbean.
Keywords: AMMI model; Biplot; G x E interaction; Yield; Vigna radiata
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 84

Improving Indoor Air Quality by Using House Plants

Alok Kumar Chandrakar
Department of Forestry, Wildlife & Environmental Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya,
Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh
Abstract: In modern times, indoor air quality (IAQ) has become a serious concern as
buildings have been increasingly sealed in an effort to reduce energy consumption. Reduced
ventilation and leakage rates lower the energy required to treat incoming air to ambient
indoor conditions. This is most evident in areas of climatic extremes where the outdoor
air (temperature and humidity) can vary significantly from indoor environments. Indoor
air characteristically contains a large consortium of volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
ranging widely in spatial and temporal concentrations. These contaminants arise from a wide
variety of sources including building materials, cleaning supplies, electronics, and occupant
activities. However, a reduction in fresh air intake can also result in the accumulation of
gaseous contaminants within the indoor environment, leading to a variety of occupant health
concerns. Since urbanites spend in excess of 90% of their lives indoors, the quality of the
ambient indoor environment can have serious implications.
Using house plants to control indoor air pollution is an attractive, popular concept and many
articles in the popular press and internet extol and promote their use as indoor air cleaners.
Numerous mechanisms have been suggested whereby living plants and their associated
microcosms could have the potential to improve IAQ. These mechanisms include: a)
adsorption of gaseous contaminants and particulate (dust and bioaerosols) onto leaf surfaces,
b) absorption of gaseous contaminants through stomata and accumulation in various internal
structures, c) degradation of gaseous contaminants through various metabolic pathways, d)
removal of CO2 and production of O2 through photosynthesis, e) increasing humidity levels
through leaf transpiration and evaporation from rooting media, and f) reducing airborne
concentrations of dust and bioaerosols.
This paper will examine a number of interpretations of the interactions between biological
systems and IAQ. This article suggests that plants may provide an effective method of
regulating the indoor environmental conditions within buildings. This can potentially lead to
performance gains for the organization and a reduction in instances of ill health among the
workforce at workplace.
Keywords: House plants, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), VOCs
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 85

Bio-leaching of Copper and Gold from e-waste

Ravindra Kumar
School of Environmental Science, Ranchi College, Ranchi
Abstract: Rapid increase of electronic waste (e-waste) has become global challenge
regarding its proper disposal and treatment. Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) is an important
component of e-waste because it contains precious metals, gold (Au) and copper (Cu) in it.
Recovery of these metals from the e-waste by adopting bioleaching process is considered to
be an environment friendly approach as compared to the conventional treatment method
like pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy that cause harmful impacts on human as well as
environment. In the present work different bacterial strains were isolated from rhizosphere
of plant in Environmental Biotechnology Lab. of Jaypee University of Information and
Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh were tested for the bioleaching studies. All the isolated
cyanogenic bacterial strains have great potential of leaching metals from e-waste which is the
PCBs of discarded computers. All the bacterial strains were efficiently capable of bioleaching
of considerable amount of precious metals i.e. gold and copper. Maximum gold and copper
recovery were about 55.19% and 65.50%. Beside these precious metals, 10.1% of Ag was
leached out in the medium. Precious metals were militarized through bioleaching which
might be reflected as an industrial solicitation for recycling of e-waste in the future.
Keywords: Bioleaching, e-waste, bacterial strains, bio hydrometallurgy, cyanogenic
microorganisms
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 86

A Study on Water Quality Analysis and Changes in Density of

Migrated Winter Birds of Santragachi Jheel, Howrah
Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
Shibpur Dinobundhoo Institution (Main), Howrah, West Bengal
Abstract: Santragachi Jheel, is located in the civil district of Howrah of the state of West
Bengal, it falls a little north to the Tropic of cancer (23 1/2o N), between 22° 34/ 50// N
and 22° 34/ 56// N latitude, and 88° 16/ 85// E and 88° 17/ 12// E longitude. Santragachi
Jheel, a fresh water aquatic system, is situated in ward no. 45 and 47 in Howrah Municipality.
The Jheel spread over an area of 32 acres (about 0.13 sq.km.) is flanked by a rail yard on one
side and dwelling houses on the other. It serves a habitat of thousands of migratory birds
(attracts 6000 / 7000 migratory winter birds), several species of resident birds and also a
high diversity of aquatic fauna including fishes, insects and arachnids.
Water samples were collected in pre-cleaned polythene bottles from Santragachi Jheel,
Howrah (W. B.) during October 2015. Elements present in the Water samples were analysed
as per standard methods with the help of laboratory namely R. V. Briges, Kolkata. Water
samples were analyzed as per standard methods like APHA.
Coliform Bacteria (CFU - 8000) is widely present at the water sample of Santragachi Jheel.
E.coli or Thermotolerant Coliform bacteria were found in the water sample of Santragachi
Jheel. Color of water sample was reflected hazen. Colour values which are typical in raw water
can be up to a few Hazen. Here, the colour value for all samples is 4. The taste and odour of
water was agreeable.
The pH of the water studied exhibit little variation. . At pH less than 7, water is acidic, while at
pH greater than 7, water is alkaline. So, the water reaction of the Santragachi Jheel system was
slightly alkaline (pH 7.1) which was in general conducive for aquatic habitat. The Dissolved
Solids (TDS) was high 842 mg/l at the water sample of the Jheel.
The salinity was less marked in the water of Santragachi Jheel. Different types of salts were
formed from different elements. The amount of Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and it’s
Chloride (Cl) were usual in the sample of water. The Santragachi Jheel had moderately normal
contents of Calcium (92 mg/l), Magnesium (32 mg/l) and Chloride (298 mg/l). So, Salinity of
the water of the Jheel is less, only 0.7609 mg/l. Among the concerning toxic substances CN
(<0.05 mg / l) and Cr (<0.05 mg / l) were observed very high and Hg (<0.001 mg / l) was very
less in the water.
The comparative statement of mid-winter bird census of Santragachi Jheel done by Prakriti
Samsed since 2009 shows the various species types and record of number of birds. The
record showed that the minimum number of birds (2581) in 2009 and maximum number of
birds (10363) in 2011. The number has increased in this year, as migratory birds have started
to avoid destinations like the lakes in Alipore Zoo, Kolkata. In recent, the numbers of birds
become 7297 in 2015. During the recent past the lake suffered from environmental pollution
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 87

due to several cases like discharge of municipal effluents from the urban settlements along
the eastern periphery of the lake, discharge from a big cowshed and industrial effluents from
railway yard.
Keywords: Migratory Birds, Environmental Pollution, Water Quality, Santragachi Jheel
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 88

GROUP- D
Ecological Imbalance: A Threat to Flora
Fauna
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 89

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 90

Urban Air Pollution in Kolkata and its Impact on Human Health

Rituparna Khan
Department of Geography, Bidhannagar College, Salt Lake, Kolkata
Abstract: Air, one of the ubiquitous resources on earth, is an admixture of life giving and
useful gases like as well as toxic substances. For maintaining proper health of people in a
clean environment, good air quality is essential. Kolkata has worst air quality among all cities
in India. Being one of the fastest growing metropolises in India, it has been suffering from air
pollution for many decades. The rapid urbanization is fuelling this problem. Kolkata is in the
grip of rising air pollution and multi-pollutant crisis. Clinching evidence of alarming dose
of an average Calcuttan breathing on a daily basis in different parts of the city is 2 to 3 times
higher than the ambient level and this is recorded by official monitors. Growing vehicles and
resultant congestion add to the concern. Moreover, the city is losing its inherent advantage
of dominant commuting practices – use of bus and walking – at the cost of clean air and
public health. Keeping all these into consideration, it is seen that air pollution has significant
effects on exacerbation of asthma, allergy and respiratory diseases. Kolkata has the highest
number of people suffering from lung cancer and other air pollution-related health problem
including hematological abnormalities. With this ever growing problem the present study
is to undertake to find out the existing status of air quality in Kolkata and try to identify the
factors being responsible for the deterioration of air quality. The main focus of the study is to
map the area having critical air pollution, the health hazards related to the same and try to
suggest some suitable measure to reclaim the lost glory of Kolkata.
Keywords: Urbanization, congestion, multi-pollutant crisis, respiratory diseases
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 91

Ecological Imbalance: A Threat to Flora, Fauna, Economy and

Human Survival
Ismail Yasir
Dept. of Botany, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi
Abstract: Ecological imbalance is something which occurs when a natural or human causes
disrupts the natural balance of an ecosystem. It can be caused due to anything like volcanic
eruptions, floods, pollutions, deforestations, degradation such as soil erosion, depletion of
wildlife, degradation of marine ecosystem, introduction of new species and many more. As
we know that, to sustain an ecosystem flora, fauna an humans play a vital role that can’t
be underestimated. So in this context we will mainly discuss how ecological imbalance is
a threat to flora, fauna, economy and human survival. Some ecological imbalance result
in ecological collapse which refers to a situation where an ecosystem suffer a drastic or
possible permanent reduction in carrying capacity for all organism, often resulting in mass
extinction which ultimately proves to be a threat for entire flora, fauna as well as humans.
Meanwhile disturbances like flood and volcanic eruptions affect the human economy by
incurring severe losses which may be either in the form of food, shelter, money or life. When
the dynamic equilibrium within a community of organism become unbalanced it affects the
physical and physiological mechanism of an ecosystem due to which organisms whether its
plants or animals, they may prone to suffer from various diseases, slower body mechanism
and ultimately it leads to extinction. So, as far as our knowledge we have to maintain the
stability and existence of ecological balance by means of controlling population, afforestation,
reducing pollution and saving natural resources for future generation so that threat to flora,
fauna, economy and human survival due to ecological imbalance might be reduced.
Keywords: Natural Calamities, Degradation, Deforestation
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 92

Assessment of Acute Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in an Air-

Breathing Catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.)
Dina Nath Pandit and Anshu Sinha
Department of Zoology, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Arrah
Abstract: Silver is an ancient antibiotic that has found many new uses due to its unique
properties on the nanoscale. Silver nanoparticles are widely used nowadays in a variety of
commercial applications including medical, health care, textiles and household supplies.
Along with anti-microbial activity, silver nanoparticles have toxic effect on aquatic ecosystem.
Hence, assessment of toxicity caused by silver nanoparticles in aquatic ecosystem is important.
The median lethal concentration of silver nanoparticles for different time duration in air-
breathing freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus (body weight: 70-80g and total length: 21-
23cm) was estimated. Fish were exposed to silver nanoparticles for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr.
The LC50 values were 317.67, 308.33, 242.44 and 186.06 mg/L for 24, 48, 72 and 96hr
respectively. Mortality observed with exposure to silver nanoparticles suggests that silver
nanoparticles accumulate in aquatic environments and seriously disturb the development
of fish species. A gradual decrease in toxicity of silver nanoparticles was observed with the
increase in time of exposure.
The findings suggest that the freshwater catfish has a greater capacity to resist the intoxication
of silver nanoparticles as compared to other fishes.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 93

Impact of mining on species diversity and seasonality of acari

population at Ghatotand coal mining area
Soni Kumari Tiwari
Assistant professor, Zoology, J N College, Jharkhand
Acari are one of the most abundant species-rich group of soil mesofauna which provide a
useful function as biological indicators of habitat disturbance, soil quality and reclamation
success. A comparative study on Acari population was done on soil samples of reclaimed
forest at Ghatotand coal mining area and natural forest with respect to distribution, diversity
and seasonal abundance pattern to understand their role in reclamation accomplishment.
For better understanding of seasonality pattern correlation between various edaphic factors
was also observed. Significat positive correlation was observed between moisture and
Organic Carbon Content both at natural (0.8806) and reclaimed (0.6382) forest. Ten species
of Acrachnids were found at both natural and reclaimed forest. Rhagidia sp.was found to be
the most abundant species at both natural and reclaimed forest while Caloglyphus Sp.was
least abundant. The Species diverstity of natural forest was comparatively higher yet a
considerable decline was observed in summer season. Monsoon peak and Summer decline
in population was observed at both the forests. Seasonal abundance of various arachnids
followed similar pattern yet a considerable difference in community structure was observed.
The Population fluctuation of acari in summer season was higher at reclaimed forest than
that of natural forest. A significant increase (2.16 to 2.19) in species diversity of was observed
from first to second year of study period at reclaimed forest indicating successful reclamation
prescription.
Keywords : Mesofauna, Species Diversity , Reclamation, Seasonality pattern
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 94

Curse of Air Pollution and Mitigation Strategies

Umapati Sahay¹ & Kumari Smita²
P.G. Department of Zoology, Ranchi University, Ranchi
1
2
Department of Botany, J.N.College, Dhurwa, Ranchi University, Ranchi
Abstract: According to American Medical Association air pollution has been defined as
“The excessive concentration of foreign matter in the air which adversely affects the well
being of individuals or cause damage to property”. However other definitions have also been
forwarded.
In recent time the natural world is facing great degradation so far our environment is
concerned. The toxic emissions , waste ,dust, smoke, soot & many others have created year
round problem in many of the urban and rural areas though it shows periodic spike specially
in winter yet this is also a fact that Indo-gangetic belt record poor air quality levels across the
year.
Air pollution was responsible for 12.5% deaths in 2017 as per Indian state level Burden
Assessment whereas WHO reported 1,00,000 deaths of infants annually due to air pollution
in India. It affects elders as well as those who are in wombs, newborns too.
Pollution could be natural or man made. With the technological and industrial advancement a
wide range of changes in environment have come into effect. Burning of fossil fuel enhanced
the carbon cycle by 20% , nitrogen cycle by 30-40% and sulphur cycle by 70 to 80%.
Forest clearing in III world countries has resulted in 3.3 billion tons of carbon & conversion of
only 50% of the existing tropical forest would release about 550 billion tons of CO₂ of which
40% would remain in the atmosphere increasing its CO₂ content by 15%. Release from live
and dead biomass will be in addition.
High concentration of CO₂ in atmosphere has a consequential effect. Along with this ambient,
air pollution is also due to particulate matters (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like
benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene (BTEX), poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and
inorganic pollutants like NOₓ , SO₂, O₃ etc.
All these along with other pollutants cause many types of disease in human beings such
as asthma, reduced lung function, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, increase in pro-
inflammatory cytokine, altered immunity, excessive generation of reactive oxygen species
and depletion of superoxide dismutase (SOD) leading to oxidative stress. Not only this,
increased chromosomal breakage and DNA damage with insufficient DNA repair, triggering
of carcinogenesis have been reported. All these have been discussed.
Not only these, O₃ (ozone) toxicity in plants due to entrance of ozone via stomata into apoplast
is of particular interest & how the plants protect themselves have been discussed. Mitigation
strategies have also been critically analysed.
Keywords: Air Pollution, Forest clearing, Human diseases, Apoplast
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 95

Impact of Mining Activity on Biomass of Some Plants of Raniganj

Coalmines
Payel Dutta, Subir Kumar Khawas and P. K. Mishra
P.G. Department of Botany, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag
Abstract: Mining tends to make a notable impact on the environment, the impacts varying
in severity depending on whether the mine is working or abandoned, the mining methods
used and the geological conditions. The present study to study the morphology and biomass
of five different plants found in coal mine area and to compare with that of the same plants
growing in the Controlled condition at Raniganj coal field. Various morphometric parameters
i.e Height of plants, Number of nodes and Distance between nodes of plants were more in
Coalmine areas than Controlled condition. An increase in fresh weight and dry weight in
Coalmines areas clearly indicated that ultimate productivity of plants reduced in adverse
conditions of Coalmines areas. Due to excessive reduction of plants, biomass of plants also
reduced in Coalmines areas.
Keywords: Raniganj coalfield, controlled, fresh weight, dry weight, biomass
Exposure to Low Level Cadmium(Cd) Results Inbehavioural Defects

in Drosophila Melanogaster
Pragati Nanda*, Manaswini Sahoo and HenaFirdaus#*
Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) toxicity has been reported in animals, plants and humans. Cd
finds its application in various industries including battery, mining, fertilizer, pigments and
plastic, etc. Excessive use of this metal in recent years has become a serious environmental
threat.Present study utilizes Drosophila as a model to study the toxicity arising due to Cd
exposure.To assess behavioral defects arising due to Cd we exposed the animals to chronic
low doses of Cd which is also relevant to their levels in our polluted environment. Different
behavioral parameters of fruit flies were examinedlike survival, lethality, development delay
and reproductive success.For this Oregon R strain of Drosophilawere chosen as control and
treated with different doses of Cd by mixing Cd in corn media and reared in 12:12 hr. dark
light cycle.Two doses of Cd; 0.3mM and 0.6mM i.e. one above LD50 dose and one below LD50
dose respectively, were selected. Flies grown on Cd media showed behavioral defects such as
reduced fecundity, decreased climbing and crawling, declined group mating efficiency and
altered flight ability. Furthermore Cd also affected survival efficiency as less percent of eggs
developed to pupae and pupae to adult flies with increaseddevelopmentaltime period they
spent on each molting stage. Our findings suggest dose dependent effect of Cd on altered
behavior and overall toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 96

Ground Water Fluoride Contamination in Some Villages of Nawada

District, Bihar
Anil Kumar Singh and Peeyush Kumar
Department of Chemistry, A N College, Patna
Department of Environmental Sciences, Magadh University Bodhgaya
Abstract: All organisms including human beings need water to maintain their life process.
However due to certain reasons the ground water has got contaminated and is not fit for
drinking and cooking purposes. One such contamination is caused due to the presence of
fluoride in the ground water sources.
Fluoride is a trace element which can result into health complications if it gets accumulated
in the human body above the permissible limits.In human body fluoride can reach through
water, soil, air, fluoride rich food-stuffs etc. Water is one of the most common source of fluoride
intake.
The intake of fluoride contaminated water results into a medical condition called Fluorosis.
Fluorosis affects multiple organs starting from damaged and discoloured teeth. Fluorosis
includes dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis and non-skeletal fluorosis.
In our country 20 states including Bihar and Jharkhand have been found to have visible cases
of fluorosis. In Bihar 11 districts have been affected by fluorosis. Some specific villages of
Nawada District have been found to have high concentration of fluoride in their drinking
water sources.
As per the WHO guidelines the maximum permissible limit of fluoride in drinking water
sources is 1.5mg/L. However less the level of fluoride in drinking water is better.
In Nawada district there are a number of villages where fluorosis is prevalent. In some
villages of Rajauli block the fluoride level in their drinking water sources is higher than the
permissible limit of 1.5mg/L. In some sources of Rajauli block the fluoride level in the drinking
water sources is as high as 7.4 mg/L. Several visible cases of dental , skeletal and non-skeletal
fluorosis have been found to be prevalent in the villages of Rajauli due to high level of fluoride
in their drinking water sources.
Keywords: fluorosis, health complications, dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, non-skeletal
fluorosis
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 97

Arsenic Pollution: The Menace and Its Counter

Dipankar Adhya1, Ankita Munda, Sunidhi Verma, Reena Bara, Nikita V Bakhla, Rupali
Hansda, Anil Kumar Sahu and Sunita Kumari
1
General Secretary, Safe water of the people, Kolkata
Abstract: Arsenic is a toxic metalloid widely distributed in nature. There are three allotropes
of arsenic based on colour and toxicity. Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a natural
occurring high concentration of arsenic in deeper levels of groundwater. Its toxicity is an
increasing menace around the globe. Its concentration both in soil and environment is due
to natural and anthropogenic activities such as mining, milling, smelting of metal ores, gas
exhaust, use of arsenical pesticides in the agricultural sector and so on. The quantity of arsenic
present in soil and water has increased alarmingly in various parts of the world including
India.
Arsenic is acutely toxic and can lead to a number of hazards to both plants and animals. A long
term exposure to arsenic can cause various health hazards to humans such as cancer, skin
diseases, keratosis, heart failure, etc. Its effects can be seen in plants too. Phytoremediation can
be viewed as a biological, solar driven, pump and treat system with an extensive, self extending
uptake network(the root system)that enhances the natural ecosystem for subsequent
productive use. There are some plants with can help in bioremediation. Some species of
autotropic and heterotropic microorganisms use arsenic ions for their regeneration of energy
and use arsenate as their nutrient in respiratory process. Hence, the use of bioremediation
could be an effective and economic way to reduce this pollutant from the environment. Some
measures can also be taken for mitigation from the food chain.
Keywords: bioremediation, contamination, groundwater, health hazards, Metalloid, toxic
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 98

Restoration of Degraded Wetlands

Tabassum Afshan, Pamil Tayal* and Milinda Lahiri
Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi
Abstract: Global climate change has become a problem of scientific concern over the last
century. With the advancement in technology, it is evident that anthropogenic activities like
urbanization, pollution and growth of population, has dominated and contributed maximum
in enhancing climatic effects. As a result, the life and well- being of the people is being
severely affected. Climate change also alters the local ecosystem services and its equilibrium,
variation in floral phenology, increased competition from the invasive species and low lying
and coastal cities due to sea level rise. Due to this ecological imbalance, the wetlands of India
are also under continuous threat, thereby declining the ecological and economical functions
provided. These are the most productive ecosystems and provide a wide range of ecological
services like recharging of ground water, recycling nutrients, habitat for wildlife, recreational
values, carbon stores, mitigate floods. Because of their diverse importance in maintaining the
equilibrium of ecosystems, management and restoration of techniques should be deployed to
retrieve the degraded wetlands.
Keywords: Wetlands, Restoration strategies, Threats
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 99

Polythene Pollution in Kanpur City

Rajesh Yadav and Seema Yadav*
Dept. of Zoology, D.A-V. College, Kanpur
*Dept. of Zoology, Manohar Lal Degree College, Kanpur
Abstract: Plastic or polythene bags have been posing a huge threat to our environment
since the last two decades. Polythene bags have many redeeming ecological features; in fact,
many of the techniques we utilize in our designs involve targeted use of plastic products.
Though convenient, it is making us lazy these days as every second person uses a polythene
bag everyday. Toxic chemical release during manufacture is another significant source of the
negative environmental impact of plastics. Polythene if not disposed properly may find its way
into the drainage system resulting into choking of drains, creating unhygienic environment
and causing water borne diseases. Recycled polythene may contain certain chemicals, which
reaches to the ground and contaminates soil and water. Some of the plastic bags which
contain leftover food or which get mixed up with other garbage are eaten by animals resulting
in harmful effects. Because of the non-biodegradable and impervious nature of polythene, if
disposed in the soil, it could arrest the recharging of ground water aquifers. If not disposed
properly, polythene bags find their way into the drainage system resulting into choking of
drains, creating unhygienic environment and causing water borne diseases. Polythene
contains hazardous chemicals, which reach the ground and contaminate soil and sub-soil
water. Because of the non-biodegradable and impervious nature of plastics, if disposed in
the soil, they could arrest the recharging of ground water aquifers. A study shows that the
quantity of polythene already consumed all over the world will take 500 years to decompose
totally. The current study deals with the ecological hazards of Polythene and necessary steps
to control the danger of polythene in Kanpur city.
Keywords: Polyethylene, Polythene, Plastic pollution, sewer choke, hazardous chemicals
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 100

Water Quality Parameters (Pre monsoon) in Ten Villages of Godda

District in Terms of Fluorides and Chlorides
Bipin Kumar Singh1, P K Srivastava2 and Ajay K Srivastava3
1
JRF (BIT Mesra)
2
Dept. of Chemistry, BIT Mesra Ranchi
3
Dept. of Botany, SXC Ranchi
Abstract: The population of rural Godda is a severely in impoverished lot. They are perpetually
thrashed by two things- poverty and environmental stress. In our present study, which is the
part of larger project of BARC, BRNS-DAE(Board of Research in Nuclear Science-Department
of Atomic Energy), JRF, it was sought to find out the reasons behind the environmental
stress which also adversely affects the agricultural productivity and brings in diseases to the
population. In this presentation, we are coming up with two parameters of water quality i.e.,
Fluorides and Chlorides in 10 villages- (1.) Sundarpahar (2.) Amour (3.) Amlo (4.) Goradih
(5.) Kairasol (6.) Chamudih (7.) Poreyahat (8.) Pathargama (9.) Lalmatiya (10.) Mahagama
of Godda in the pre monsoon days. In water quality assessment study of the pre monsoon
samples give the better results as it is undiluted by rains and show the better results on stress
analysis. Technique used were- Fluoride ion concentration meter and titration method. In our
study it was found out that the fluoride was in minimum range (0.10) Amour and maximum
(14.6) Pathargama and the chloride was found in minimum (87) Amlo and maximum (236)
Mahagama village. This work will be followed by the post monsoon researches also which will
give the larger and better picture of the overall environmental condition.
Keywords: Godda, undiluted, pre monsoon, pollution
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 101

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 102

GROUP- E
Socio-Environmental Challenges Issues
Monitoring and Controlling Process
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ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 104

Assessment of Water Springs in Gauri Ganga and Devikhet

Watershed of Pithoragarh and Pauri Garhwal District of
Uttarakhand
Amardip Singh1 and Prashant Kumar Jonko2
1
Xavier Institute of Social Service, Ranchi, Jharkhand
2
JSLPS, Simdega, Jharkhand
Abstract: A spring is a water resource formed when the side of a hill, valley bottom or
other excavation intersects a flowing body of groundwater at or below the local water table,
below which the subsurface material is saturated with water. In the present study total 109
water springs were studied in Gauri Ganga and Devikhet watershed of Pithoragarh and
Pauri Garhwal District of Uttarakhand. In Gauri Ganga watershed, 58 water springs while in
Devikhet watershed, 51 water springs were studied. Among 58 water springs in Gauri Ganga
watershed, 02 were dried while in 51 water springs in Devikhet watershed, 05 were dried.
In Gauri Ganga watershed, all 56 live water springs try to satisfy the drinking and irrigation
water demand of 31 villages, while in Devikhet watershed, all 46 live water springs try to
satisfy the drinking and irrigation water demand of 33 villages.
In Gauri Ganga watershed, rate of flow of water in some water springs was very high (120
to 60 litter/minute) whereas in some other water springs flow rate was moderate (59 to
40 litter/minute) to low (39 to 20 litter/minute). Besides, in few water springs, flow rate of
water was very low (19 to 1 litter/minute) to extremely low (<01 litre/minute). Out of total
56 live water springs in Gauri Ganga watershed, 46 shows the pH level in between 6.5 to 8.5
which is within the permissible limit, while in same number of water springs TDS level was
within permissible limit.
In Devikhet watershed, rate of flow of water in some water springs was high (24 to 10 litter
per minute) whereas in some other water springs flow rate was medium (9 to 6 litter per
minute) to low (5 to 3 litter per minute). Besides, in few water springs, flow rate of water was
very low (2 to 1 litter per minute) to extremely low (<01 litre/minute). Out of total 46 live
water springs in Devikhet watershed, 45 water springs shows the pH level in between 6.5 to
8.5 which is within the permissibe limit, while in 43 water springs, TDS level was below 100
mg/L which is within permissible limit.
Keywords: Watershed, water spring, water flow, pH, TDS, drinking & irrigation water
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 105

Role of Tribal Women in Protection of Environment: An Ecofeminist

Perspective
Sylee Roy and Shayantani Banerjee
Abstract: The Arts of imagination, with its inherent grasp of the power of words, story and
image is suited to fortify, uplift and address direct environmental concerns, and can contribute
significantly to the understanding of environmental problems: the multiple forms of eco-
degradation that afflict planet Earth today. Women play a major role in addressing some of
the important environmental problems. They are one of the key promoters of environmental
conservation and restoration. The conventional livelihood role allocation of tribal women
make them intimately connected with the environment, hence making them more protective
and defensive of nature. The study seeks to analyse the leadership roles undertaken by
women in acts of environmental conservation and protection of natural resources evident
in several revolutionary environmental movements across India such as Chipko Movement
(1973), Women-led tribal movement against mining in Orissa (2006), etc.
It was the increasing levels of smoke pollution in the atmosphere during Industrial Revolution
that became the foundation of the environmental movement and the more intensified forms of
pollution made the movement more rigorous. The modern conservation movement was first
manifested in the forests of British India, with practical application of scientific conservation
principles. The three basic conservation ethics governing the movement were: it is human
activity that defiled the environment, that there was a civic duty to maintain the environment
for posterity, and that empirically based scientific methods should be applied for carrying out
the duty.
As far as the civic duty to maintain the environment for our future generations is concerned,
it is historically proven that it can be carried out best by a woman. Women’s conventional
association with the natural world is claimed to be ubiquitous2 and governed by their biology3.
Going by the European historical analysis, nature, especially Earth, has been identified with
the nurturing mother. In this context, the paper would explore the concept of ecofeminism
linked to the environmental conservation, with a special reference to the role of tribal women.
Drawing parallels from ecofeminism which claims that the patriarchal society’s values and
beliefs have resulted in the oppression of women and nature, the paper seeks to establish that
a woman’s relationship with the environment is far more intimate than that of a man. In this
context, the paper intends to present a study of the prominent environmental movements in
India highlighting the role tribal women played in them. This shall be done while critically
examining the underlying basis of women’s relationship with the non human world at levels
other than ideology and addressing how the material realities in which women of different
classes are rooted might affect their response to environmental degradation.
Keywords: Environment, Conservation, Women, Ecofeminism, Tribes
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 106

Evaluation of Plant Extracts as Alternative Teeth Whiteners

Arshi Naaj Afsana, Namrata Sanjam Toppo, Karuna Snehlata Soren, Nishi Kullu, Anshu
Priti Lakra and Aditi Marandi
Abstract: Regarding health and aesthetic dentistry, beverages and spices give a negative effect.
Due to consumption of beverages and spices, teeth getaffected as they get undesirable stains.
Removing stains are little toughwhen it is in case of teeth. Therefore, in aesthetic dental care,
teeth whitening have become a popular matter.Recent studies have shown that most human
teeth are not naturally pearlwhite. For whitening, bleaches and other products are used that
have chemicals and can attack sensitive tooth layer. To avoid this problem natural product are
being investigated as potent teeth whiteners nowadays. Based on this premise a study has
been carried out to evaluate the stain removal and examine teeth whitening effect by some
plant extracts,that has been extracted from pulp,latex, and peels of commonly found fruits.
Keywords: Beverages, Bleach, Dentistry, Latex, Spices, Stains, Teeth whitening
Environmental Damage Due to Mining Activities in Pakur

Archna Kumari and Prasanjit Mukherjee
Plant Taxonomy and Ecology Research Lab., Department of Botany, KKM College Pakur
Abstract: Minining activities are the backbone of the economy of Pakur. Black stone and the
coal mines are existing in the district. Coal mines is restricted to the Amarapara block only
whereas the black stone mines are existing in all the part of the district. The black stone of
Pakur is of high quality and is of Asiatic fame. There are total of 246 mining leases out of that
104 is in operation, 137 has been given environmental clearance,142 mines are closed as due
to they have not received the environment clearance,174 has received the consent to operate
certificate. Beside the mines as 116 crushers are in operation to crush the stone to make the
stone chips which are highly in demand.
There are several steps leading to the mining activities. These activities include the removal
of the top soil, digging of the ground, mine blasting and transport of the stone. All these steps
results into environmental damage at various level. Viz. Removal of top soil causes loss of
flora and fauna even the microbial flora and fauna. Mine blast causes environmental damages
like ground vibrations, generation of fumes and dust etc. whereas transport results into
generation of dust and ultimately damages the crops and several diseases like silicosis and
pneumoconiosis to inhabitants.
Keywords: Black Stone, Mining, Environmental damage
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 107

Need of Rainwater Harvesting and Artificial Recharge, the Case

Study of Koderma Urban Area
Vipul Suman1*; Anil Kumar2 and Saroja Kumar Barik1
DWSD, Ranchi
1
2
Department of geology, Patna University, Patna
Abstract: Ground water is the only source of water available in urban and rural pockets
for drinking purposes. The depletion of ground water resources occurred due to excess
withdrawalof water from hand pumps and borewells. The authorshas carried out astudy
on Koderma urban area, where majority of the people depends on borwell/hand pumpsfor
drinking purpose.Koderma town is expandingfastly andthe population has grownup
manifolds.Due to rising population, the per capita water consumption has increased resulting
in the depletion of water table in the study area. With the population growth in Koderma,
there has been marked increase in dugwells and tube wells even then, the water scarcity
exist. To resolve the existing issues on present scenarioa number of techniques are available
like rooftop rainwater harvesting, contour bunding, recharge shaft and percolation tank etc.
The type of artificial recharge structure should be carefully chosen depending upon the local
hydrogeology, topography and land use etc. Conservation and renovation of ponds lying in
and around Koderma area should be taken on priority basis as these can enhance the ground
water recharge. Plantation of more and more trees should also be done on priority basis.
Keywords: Borewell; Aquifer; Artificial recharge; Rain water harvesting
Menacing Invasive Species in and around Ranchi

Prasenjit Mukherjee1, Aboli P Toppo , Ruchi S Kerketta, Nickey Kerketta, Nidhi N Minz,
Simmi Panna , Mercy Minj and Smita S Ekka
1
KKM College, Pakur
Abstract: Jharkhand or ‘Land of Forests’ is a habitat to a large number of flora and fauna
species. Some of the forests in Jharkhand as in Chatra and Simdega are age old and very dense
and these forests harbour a quiet diverse range of plants and animals. The soil here is red ,
acidic and porous which does not allow the holding of rainwater but with the large quantities
of organic matter in the top soil the land becomes habitable for the trees and other plants so,
the ecosystem is rich because of the present physical and biological conditions. However, it
has been seen that over last few decades, various invasive species of herbs and shrubs have
taken roots in Jharkhand. If not mitigated in time the fine fabric of the ecosystem may be
severely jeopardised. The invasive species worked out in Jharkhand are- Lantana camara,
Argemone mexicana, Mirabilis jalapa, Chamaesyce hirta, Ipomea carnea
Keywords: Ecosystem, Forest, Jeopardise, Invasive species
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 108

Rapid Removal of Residual Pesticides from Fruits and Vegetables

Using Nanotechnology
PrasenjitHazra
Modern Public School, Ranchi-Patna Road, Asnabad, Koderma
Abstract: Due to the higher amount of pesticides used by the farmers, a greater amount
of pesticides is left as residues in the fruits and vegetables beyond the allowable limits as
prescribed by WHO. Therefore, developing a method or instrument to remove the residual
toxicity from fruits and vegetables will be beneficial to the consumers. The idea behind the
development of low-cost method for rapid removal of residual pesticides is that by treatment
with any strong oxidizing agent or that can produce strong oxidizing agent by any physical,
chemical or biological means the organic pesticides can be oxidized to non-toxic forms. Hence,
we wanted to explore the nanotechnology, such as use of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles for
photocatalytic degradation of organic or toxic chemicals/pesticides. ZnO upon photocatalysis
has the potential to remove both chemical and biological contaminants from contaminated
water by producing reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals (°OH), superoxide
radical (°O2-) etc. The photocatalytic process is based on the adsorption of photons with
wavelengths ~388 nm using UV light. This will activate ZnO nanoparticles for initiating the
charge separation. ZnOnano rods can be very well utilized with UV light equipped together in
an instrument, which will produce strong oxidizing agent/reactive oxygen species (ROS) such
as hydroxyl radicals (°OH), superoxide radical ( °O2-). Every household from rural to urban
population buy vegetables and fruits from the market which are exposed to largeamount of
pesticide dose. This has high market potential like the mosquito repellent which can be found
in every households.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, Photocatalysis, Residual Pesticides, Zinc Oxide
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 109

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 110

GROUP- F
Geo-Spatial Application in Resource
Monitoring and Management
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 111

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 112

Coal Mine Dynamics at North Karanpura Area (Piparwar, Ashoka,

Churi, Ray, Bachra, Dakra) Coal Fields of Jharkhandover Temporal
Years 1992 and 2018
Obaidullah Ehrar1; Ajay Kumar Srivastava2 and Rabindar Kumar1
1
Geoinformatics, Central University of Jharkhand, 2St.Xavier’s College, Ranchi
Abstract: In an area like the North Karanpura Coalfield (NKCF), where extensive and
rapid underground and opencast mining is going on continuously, land-use studies are of
paramount importance. This paper deals with the study on coal mine and different type of
method of extraction, coal mine dynamics and investigates the Spatial-temporal Land use/
Landover changes in North Karanpura coal mine of Piparwar block and surrounding areas
during the period from 1992 to 2018. Piparwar Block. The remote sensing-GIS techniques
used for identification of various land-use classes on satellite imagery and enhanced products
and identification of time-sequential changes in land-use patterns. Land use/ land cover
maps for the year 1992, 2008 and 2018 were generated through the visual interpretation of
LANDSAT ETM and LANDSAT 8 OLI satellite images will used with selective field checks. A
detailed geological map with its geological features in relation to the exposed rock has been
prepared. Remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) are important tools for
studying land-use patterns and their dynamics. Land-use changes are invariably associated
with mining of natural resources. Studying changes in land-use pattern using remotely-
sensed data is based on the comparison of time-sequential data. Change detection using
satellite data can allow for timely and consistent estimates of changes in land-use trends over
large areas, and has the additional advantage of ease of data capture into a GIS. The lithology
of borehole up to a depth of 67 m is prepared to observe the geological characteristics and
the decomposition of coal seams. The coal deposits with a view to find out its grade, quality
and reserves have been studied and a general data about the environmental condition of
desolation of sediments and deposition of coal has been presented. The majority of changes
are identified over agricultural land, plantation, coal mining area and forests. The study
revealed that coal mining area expanded from4.52 sq. km in 1992 to 14.194sq.km in 2018.
Mining is indispensable for the individual, for the society, and for the development of the
nations. Unfortunately, mining procedures and operations are often associated with health
hazards and environmental deterioration. Present study has been attempted from a socio-
economic point of view and the dynamics of the environment of the coal-mining region. This
study has come up with issues related to harmful effects of mining and how trace elements
influence the local environment and may affect human health in the vicinity of the mining
area.
Keywords: Remote Sensing, coal mining, Change Detection Statistics, environment impact,
land use/ land cover, health hazard, environment, respiratory diseases
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 113

Land Use Mapping of Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary Using Remote

Sensing and Geographical Information System
Narendra Prasad*and U.K. Sahoo**
*Faculty of Forestry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand
** Department of Forestry, Mizoram University, Aizawl
Abstract: Spatially-explicit information on forest composition provides valuable information

to fulfil scientific, ecological and management objectives and to monitor the forest ecosystems.
In the present study of Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation
Index) system was adopted for Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) analysis and mapping. The
study is targeted to find improved classification accuracy with the use of spectral information
from Landsat-8 OLI satellite imagery. The Sanctuary area was classified into seven major land
use/land cover classes viz. Agriculture, Evergreen forest, Deciduous forest, open/degraded
forest, Grass land, Settlement and Water bodies occupying about 13%, 17%, 36%, 2%, 27%
4% and 1%, respectively. This indicated presence of maximum patch of deciduous forest area
in the Dalma Wild Life Sanctuary. The data observed from this study will be useful to policy
makers in formulation of future management and development plan of the area.
Land Suitability Modelling for Agriculture Expansion using

Geospatial Technology: A Case Study of Ranchi District
Ankit Bara*, Beependra Singh, Swadhina Koley and Jeganathan C.
Department of Remote Sensing, Birla Institute Technology, Mesra, Ranchi
Abstract: Land Suitability analysis (LSA) is the process, to find the suitable area for a particular
purpose taking into account different parameters affecting the purpose. This study focuses on
identifying suitable areas for future expansion of agricultural practices due to demands of
growing population. The integration of GIS techniques with Multi Criteria Decision Making
(MCDM)helps in making decisions for spatial problemsMCDM for agricultural land suitability
analysis requires evaluationof multiple constraints related to physical characteristics of
surrounding environmental conditions viz. Soil, Topographic, Hydrologic, Socioeconomic,
Climate and Environmental criteria. The analysis was performed for Ranchi District with
the help of methodology developed after integrating GIS in MCDM which utilizes Analytical
Hierarchical Process (AHP) and weighted linear method (WLM), where each layer is
assessed for its importance towards agriculture suitability. With the help of satellite data and
thematic data like Landsat 8, SRTM Digital Elevation Model, Climate Hazards Group InfraRed
Precipitation with Station (CHRIPS) rainfall data, andparameters such as soil type, soil pH,
organic carbon, erodibility, rainfall, drainage density, population density, LULC, slope were
evaluated to determine degree of suitability for agricultural practices. The results from our
study suggest that around 38% of the land is most suitable for agriculture practices.
Keywords: Land Suitability Analysis, MCDM, Agriculture, Geospatial technology
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 114

Vegetation Health Index as an Indicator of Drought: A Case Study of

Khunti District Over Two Contrasting Monsoon Rainfall Period
SwadhinaKoley* and Jeganathan C.
Dept. of Remote Sensing, BIT, Mesra
Abstract: The recent advances in earth observation technology has made the monitoring of
vegetation stress due to drought related issues like soil moisture stress much easier. The
meteorological drought occurs when the actual precipitation is less than the climatological
mean by a specified threshold depending on the region. However, meteorological drought can
further cause enough soil moisture stress leading to an agricultural drought. So monitoring
the soil moisture condition as well as the vegetation stress due to lack of rainfall is important
for drought risk management to avoid the decrease in agricultural production. Many satellite
data based indices have been developed over the years to continuously monitor the soil
moisture, crop water stress or vegetation health. This study focuses on the Vegetation Health
Index (VHI) as an indicator of drought. VHI takes into account both the vegetation condition
as well as the temperature condition as the affecting parameters to drought over a region. The
value of VHI ranges from 0 to 100, where a value less than 40 is categorized into different levels
depending on the severity of drought condition, whereas a value greater than 40 is usually
considered as favorable condition for vegetation health. The study has been implemented
on Khunti district of Jharkhand state over two different years 2014 and 2018. Khunti faced
almost 52% less monsoon rainfall in 2018 than 2014 which led the meteorological dept.
declaring the district as a drought affected one along with few other districts in state in 2018.
The Landsat 8 Optical Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infra-Red Sensor (TIRS) data from
the late monsoon period for both years were used for this study. The study revealed that
about 4.25% and 0.09% of the total geographical area of Khunti was under mild drought
and severe drought condition respectively after the monsoon period was over in 2018. The
Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) was also calculated using the Land Surface
Temperature (LST). A TVDI value closer to 1 usually indicates the absence of optimum soil
moisture whereas, the lower the value, the more soil moisture present in the region. The TVDI
values, when correlated with the VHI values, R2 values 0.68 and 0.33 were obtained for the
year 2014 and 2018 respectively.
Keywords: Remote sensing indices, VHI, drought, vegetation stress, Landsat
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 115

Geo Spatial Application in Resource Monitoring and Management

Sunil Pratap Kumar1 and Dibya Jyoti2
Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand
1
2
Department of of Geography, Magdh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar
Abstract: Geo Spatial Application broadly include remote sensing, satellite imagery, digital
Photogrammetry, cartography, geographic information system (GIS), Differential global
positioning system (DGPS). Geospatial technologies, as it is more commonly known, is such
a multidisciplinary tool that deal with the Digital image processing , Vector based processing,
production, presentation, and dissemination of object information. Remote sensing is the
acquisition of information about a phenomenon without Ground contact with it from the
space, and there are several techniques to differentiate the information collected from remote
sensing on land, Forest, Agricultural, Built-up area etc. GIS is a powerful tool to capture,
organize, store, edit, analyze, display, plot and displaying the according the geographically
referenced. DGPS allow pre processing and post processing based collecting the precise
locational (Longitude and latitude) information along with geo-tagging photograph and
demand of increasing the accuracy in mapping and Data and monitoring over the ground
level survey processing and data management. The information generated through legend
based methods, GIS, remote sensing, digital photogrammetry and DGPS techniques could be
used effectively to create Geo Spatial Model in GIS and perform variety of spatial analysis
with multiple parameters in Resource Monitoring and sustainable management. The result
of the research provides us valuable and effective Resource Monitoring & Management along
with Land Information Management and Day to day update Monitoring with very low cost
data management and agricultural environment analysis and biodiversity conservation
Monitoring and Management and Property taxes Information management Systems.
Keywords: Topography Survey, DGPS, REMOTE SENSING and GIS
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 116

Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Forest Change Detection

of Katepurna Sanctuary, Akola
Rajiv Kr. Mahato1; Chandramolly2 and Obaidullah Ehrar3
3
Department of LRM; 1Dept. of Agroforestry, B.A.U. 2Department of ATMA, BTM, Ramgarh
Abstract: Proper monitoring of forest cover becomes a matter of great concern, and hence
it turns out to be the theme of the study. The major objective of this study is to detect the
magnitude of forest cover change in the duration of the last 10 years (between 2008 and 2018)
in Katepurna Wildlife Sanctuary, India. Forest area is found to cover the total area of around
37.79 km2. Post-classification change detection method based on the generated LU/LC and
NDVI image differencing is serving a good tool for this study. The major land use/ land cover
types in the study area have been identified as forest (light vegetation and dense vegetation),
wasteland, road, water bodies. On the classified map, accuracy assessment is performed,
which produced error matrices and overall accuracy, the calculated overall accuracy is found
87.18% for 2008 and 86.11% for 2018.The result of change detection analysis revealed that
the area has remarkable changes in forest cover. The objective of detection of net forest cover
change area is done by observing the change in light vegetation and dense vegetation areas.
The beat wise change in light and dense vegetation cover is obtained in this manner.
Keywords: Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI),
Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS), Post Classification, Change
Detection, Image Differencing
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 117

Analyzing the Spatio-Temporal Variation of Chlorophyll

Concentration for Potential Fishing Zone Using Remote Sensing
and GIS
Obaidullah Ehrar1; Ajay Kumar Srivastava2; Shubham Kumar1 and Asif Ali Khan1
1
Geoinformatics, Central University of Jharkhand
2
St.Xavier’s College, Ranchi
Abstract: Knowing chlorophyll concentrations is important case, thereby quantifying the

biomass of pigment in the water used by phytoplankton for photosynthesis. Phytoplankton
and plankton are food of sea fish; thereby concentration of phytoplankton and plankton will
indicate the fish colony available in that area.Phytoplankton, both algae and cyanobacteria,
can be found in fresh or saltwater. As they need light to photosynthesize, phytoplankton in
any environment will float near the top of the water, where sunlight reaches. Most freshwater
phytoplankton are made up of green algae and cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae.
Remote sensing is defined as “the science and art of obtaining information about an object,
area or phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in contact
with the object, area or phenomenon under investigation” (Lillesand,Kiefer and Chipman,
2007).Chlorophyll concentration is analyzed based on monthly variation. Monthly variation
in Chlorophyll_A map is plotted using the MODIS data. The near-surface concentration of
chlorophyll-a (chlor_A) in mg m-3, calculated using an empirical relationship derived from
in situ measurements of chlor_A and remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) in the blue-to-green
region of the visible spectrum.Ocean color refers to obtaining information about the ocean
using optical sensors, including parameters such as concentration of chlorophyll-a, which
is a measure of primary productivity, and total suspended matter (TSM), which is related to
turbidity. The algorithm is applicable to all current ocean color sensors. The chlor_A product
is included as part of the standard Level-2 OC product suite and the Level-3 CHL product
suite.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 118

Assessment of SAVI and NDVI Vegetation Indices Potential to Detect

Changes of Vegetation Cover in Upper Hasdeo Sub watershed in
Central India
Ajay K. Singh
Department of Forestry, Wildlife & Environmental Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur,
Chhattisgarh
Abstract: This study aimed to assess the potential of SAVI (Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index)
and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) to determine vegetation cover using
medium spatial resolution remote sensing imagery in Upper Hasdeo sub watershed in
Central India. Both indices are simple to deploy and uses spectral bands in the red and near-
infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, although NDVI has a limitation in
low and medium density vegetation cover still many agencies prefer it because it is straight
forward to use. A study area of 1448.5 km2 was selected for study due to the variety in natural
vegetation cover densities and also for the presence of mining and agricultural area. IRS1D
& P6 LISS3 images of 23.5m. acquired for 2000,2004,2008,2010 and 2013 used to compare
both vegetation indices. Results showed that SAVI with a soil factor of 0.7, 0.6, 0.3, 0, 5 and
0.5 was comparable to NDVI results. NDVI gives the highest value of 0.47. Hence SAVI is more
adequate.
Keywords: SAVI; NDVI; Sub watershed; Remote Sensing & GIS
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 119

Remote Sensing Application for Monitoring Aerosol Optical Depth

on Indian Subcontinent
Om Kashyap1*; Obaidullah Ehrar2; Kumari Lalita3 and Shwetanshu Priya4
1
Department of Silviculture & Agro forestry, SHUATS Prayagraj
2
Department of ARTD, RKMVERI Ranchi
3
Department of Silviculture & Agro forestry, BAU, Ranchi
4
Department of Soil Science Vishwa Bharti
Abstract: Aerosols are minute particles suspended in the atmosphere. We notice their
presence when they are sufficiently large. They scatter and absorb sunlight which can reduce
visibility (haze) and redden sunrises and sunsets. Atmospheric aerosols plays an important
part in the energy balance of the earth-atmospheric system, changes in the atmospheric
aerosol load, greenhouse gases, solar radiation, and land surface properties. In a remote
sensing system, EMR that has been reflected or emitted from an object or area of the earth’s
surface is measured by a sensor. Satellite remote sensing is an essential tool for monitoring
the global aerosol budget and the radiative effects that aerosols have on climate. The AOD
data (at 550 nm) used for analysis in the present study are a part of MODIS Terra (MOD08_
D3) and Aqua (MYD08_D3) level 3 1° x1° Collection 5 (C005) daily gridded atmospheric data
product. MODIS sensors were used to understand and analyze the variability of aerosols over
different regions of India.AOD map is prepared based on Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon
analysis of MODIS aerosol product. The AOD ranges from 0 to 1.. It is generally accepted that
increases in aerosol concentrations over Asia are a result of increasing populations, growing
economies, urbanization, and industrialization.
Keywords: AOD, MODIS
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Impact of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) change on Urban Heat Island
in Bathinda City, Punjab
Puneeta Pandey
Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Earth
Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda
Abstract: The rapid rate of urbanization in the last few decades has led to tremendous
changes in the land use and land cover (LULC) pattern such as decrease in the open and
green spaces in urban areas all over the world. Further, urbanization has also caused rapid
change in the surface type from pervious to impervious surface. Together combined with
elevated temperatures, urban areas are continuously becoming urban heat islands (UHI) with
elevated temperatures in the city centre and lower at outskirts. The present study aims at
spatio-temporal assessment of UHI in relation to LULC change using geospatial technology
and ground based studies. The land use/land cover maps were prepared using Landsat
satellite images acquired from USGS and classified digitally for various LULC classes; both
pervious and impervious classes. Further, these classes were compared with ambient air
temperature measured at 14 sites.Out of these 14, 10 sites lie inside the city and remaining
in the outskirts of the city. Study revealed the temperature at the sites inside the city area
had higher temperature as compared to the rural ones due to higher impervious cover. The
vegetation and built-up index were also considered for the study for studying UHI. NDVI
for Bathinda city was estimated to be 0.35 while NDBI was 0.189. It was concluded that the
prominent change in temperature could be due to conversion of natural cover to agricultural
fields or impervious surfaces over thelast few years.
Keywords: Urban Heat Island (UHI), Land Use Land Cover (LULC), Impervious, USGS, NDVI,
NDBI
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Airborne Hyperspectral Remote Sensing (AVIRIS) for Plant Species

Assemblages in Mudumalai Forest Region
B.S.P.C. Kishore1, Amit Kumar1*, Nikhil V. Lele2, Purabi Saikia3, Parul Srivastava4, A.C.
Pandey1, Bimal K. Bhattacharya2 and M.L. Khan5
1
Department of Geoinformatics, School of Natural Resource Management, Central University of
Jharkhand, Ranchi
2
Space Application Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad (NL: ; BB:)
3
Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Resource Management, Central
University of Jharkhand, Ranchi
4
IORA Ecological Solution Ltd., New Delhi
5
Department of Botany, Dr. HarisinghGour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University
Sagar, Madhya Pradesh
Abstract: Mapping of major forest types and plant species assemblages in a forest gives
valuable insights for understanding the forest ecosystem. However, mapping of plant species
in tropical dry forest is still a challenging task due to its high species diversity. In this present
study, we examined the feasibility of Airborne Visible/ Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-
Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) and field based spectroradiometer data to classify forest into
different types and map plant species assemblages in Mudumalai forest region. The region
of interests (ROI’s) of different land use features are extracted from AVIRIS-NG data using
corresponding field-based observations. Using these ROI’s, support vector machine (SVM)
classifier classified the region into 8 major classes. Spectra of 10 major forest species was
collected using ASD FieldspecFR spectrometer in open sky light conditions by laying 15 mature
sunlit leaves of individual species on the ground. Later the spectra of each species underwent
preprocessing for noise reduction and spectral enhancement. This spectral library was later
matched with pure pixels of AVIRIS-NG using material identification tool. The resulting
image spectral library was then used as an input to spectral angle mapper (SAM) based
classification. Results show that SVM classifier can differentiate forest into Southern tropical
moist deciduous forest, Southern tropical dry deciduous forest and Southern tropical semi
evergreen forest type with an accuracy of 92.37%. SAM classifier based results exhibited that
Anogeisuslatifolia is the dominant species comprising (~19.22%), miscellaneous (13.90%),
Tectonagrandis (13.07%), Terminalia tomentosa (11.68%), Coffee arabica (7.82%), Camellia
sinensis species (~3.30 %), Terminalia arjuna (1.89%), Grivelliarobusta (1.66%), Acacia
mearnsii (1.18%) and 0.7% by Bambusa sp. and Eucalyptus sp. These encouraging results
suggest the feasibility of the proposed approach for mapping species assemblages in the
Mudumalai forest region, highlighting its potential use in species conservation. Future work
should consider this potential of AVIRIS-NG and test this approach in different forest types of
the world.
Keywords: Plant species characterization, AVIRIS, Airborne Hyperspectral, Mudumalai
Forest Region
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 122

Sugar Cane Yield Prediction In Madurai District Using Remote

Sensing And GIS
Khushboo Kumari and Kanhaiya Lal
Central University of Jharkhand, Jharkhand
Abstract: This study addresses land evaluation for sugar cane suitability, and demonstrates
the usefulness of integrating both legacy cartographic and contemporary data to help
solve assessment problems. Land evaluation techniques have proved useful for supporting
rational management of land resources and sustainable development across many sectors.
A Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) were used to identify
suitable land use and land cover of Madurai district and the agricultural land is extracted
which shows the growing of sugar cane crop in Madurai district. The phenology of sugarcane
is shown through the graph in each block by taking the GPS point of sugarcane crop in the
field. The sugarcane map provides the area in which sugarcane is being cultivated. Yield is
estimated by predicting the yield by using yield of year 2014 and year 2017 and then it is
averaged and then multiplied with the total area which is observed in the sugarcane map to
find the yield. By calculation the total yield is estimated 14,644.2588 kg.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 123

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GROUP- G
Environmental Protection Legal and
Human Rights
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Environmental Protection Laws: Implementation and Improved

Quality of Environment
Satabdi Roy
Department of Geography, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata
Abstract: The Environment, provides a living space for all. Environment being a
comprehensive term embraces all components of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and
atmosphere. But the discourses of climate change, global warming, pollution and constrains
in sustainable development have raised the question of environmental protection and
management due to over exploitation of all components in the civilised society. The question
raised for civilisation to survive in the earth. The environment as a source of raw material
for any economic activity has created the dichotomy between conservation and exploitation.
The threshold of exploitation have already beyond the natural revival of the nature and
moreover over exploitation has created a vulnerable situation for all living beings in the earth.
Hence the protection and management of the environment should have to be a priority and
mandatory behavioural approach only to sustain in the earth. The environmental protection
laws and regulations are meant for this. The implementation of environmental laws and their
impact to the environmental conservation is best understood by the environmental quality
improvement with effective implementation of environmental laws. The present paper seeks
to unfold the impact of environmental laws in conservation of the environment. It also seeks
to explore the scenario of implementation throughout India. Moreover the study elaborate
with the constrains of implementation in India. Finally the implementation and quality
enhancement of the environment have been pointed out. The study has been strengthen
with th secondary data collected from West Bengal Pollution Control Board, Environmental
department of government. The data analysis and presentation have been done on Microsoft.
As the study mainly based on secondary sources and the deductive approaches will create a
suggestive concluding part of the entire observation.
Keywords: Dichotomy, Environmental conservation, Environmental quality, Environmental
laws
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A Study on Environmental Protection and Human Rights

Prospective in India
Meetu Sinha and D. N. Sadhu
Abstract: Human rights and environmental protection are interdependent, while a safe clean
and healthy environment is essential for enjoyment of human rights including the right of
freedom of expression, education, participation and remedy is vital to the protection of the
environment. This relationship will clearly be essential for the protection of people and the
planet in the years to come. Environment directly threatens the right to life, to health, to water,
to development, to housing, to work, to culture and the rights of indigenous people. Affected
populations have the right to be protected from adverse environmental impacts, such as
polluted water, soil and air, deforestation and displacement which results from desertification
or floods caused by climate change. At a same time a country like India is investing largely in
new and renewable resources such as solar energy, wind energy, biopower and hydroelectric
power projects. Currently India secures 5th position in this category in world (5th position in
solar energy and 4th position in wind energy).
No definitions are given on environment and environmental protection in the Indian
Constitution, but there have been provided many provisions in it regarding environmental
protection through the 42nd amendment 1976. According to Article 48A – “the state shall
endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife
of the country”.
Further a new provision Article 51A in the form of “Fundamental Duties” was also incorporated
by the 42nd amendment. According to the sub-clause (g) of Article 51A, “it shall be the duty
of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests,
lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures”. The definitions on
environment are included from Sec-2 of Environment Protection Act 1986.
The role of judiciary environment protection and human rights, that there is a close connection
between the protection of human rights and environmental protection in the context of
sustainable development. They reflect the growing interrelationship between approaches to
ensuring human rights and environmental protection.
The present critical study reflects the current scenario of environmental laws as per human
rights is concerned and future prospects.
Keywords: Human Rights, environmental protection, 42nd Amendment
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Judicial Activism for the Emergence of Environmental

Jurisprudence, Sustenance of Sustainable Development and Legal
Initiatives of Environemntal Justice in India
S. Ganapathy Venkatasubramanian
Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai
Abstract: Though Sustainable Development the word has come in to existence from Rio
Declaration (1992) .but if any one could trace the history of the Indian culture, whatever the
practices we were doing from time immemorial were all of towards Sustainable Development.
But most unfortunately due to the introduction of western culture in to our system, it has
slowly changed into consumerist culture. From the repair to remove and replace to use and
throw culture. Even though the Sustainable Development principle has come into existence
since Rio Declaration (1992), strictly and judicially speaking it was in the form of soft law
only , which is judicially non enforceable and non obligatory on the part of signatories. It is
needless to say India was also partner for the Declaration. But still the soft law was given
hard law status in India by our Hon Supreme Court in its land mark judgement in the Vellore
Citizen Welfare Forum vs Union of India case in the year 1996.
For the effective Environmental Management three “E” s are essential vide Engineering,
Education and Enforcement. In Engineering point of view to attain the sustainable
development we have to have a comprehensive look and control of all the sources and types
of pollution through technological input and ways and means. It is highly imperative to blend
the scientific principles into the engineering and develop technology to control and manage
the pollution both at the source and end pipe treatment with clean development mechanism
wherever it is possible. The second “E” is Education –namely creating an awareness and
sensitizing the people the importance of pollution control, changing the life style and
behaviour of the people and practice more ecofriendly methods. Infact Hon Supreme Court
in one of its land mark judgements made Environmental Education as one of the compulsory
paper in the college and University curriculum irrespective of the branch of study , with same
syllabus throughout the length and breath of the country. Finally with reference to third “E”
namely Enforcement here the laws play good amount of role in managing and controlling
the Environmental pollution and Environmental Protection . Laws are the tools in the hands
of the enforcement agencies to control and combat the pollution. Again for the purpose of
enacting the laws the Constitution has given room for the legislature. In this connection it
can be very proudly said that India is one among the few countries in the world where the
Environmental Protection is given the Constitutional status. We have enacted a plethora of
Environmental Legislations in the last two decades in addition to the Indian Penal Code for
the effective environmental management.
For the effective enforcement of legislations permanent and independent statutory bodies
have also been created. Apart from this Legislature, Executive, the third arm and pillar of the
democracy namely Judiciary also played a very active role and paved the way for the emergence
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 129

of environmental Jurisprudence. Infact the Environmental Policy of 2006 is Judicial Driven.

In this paper, a detailed discussed is made, how far the Sustainable Development has been
given a hard law status by the Judiciary and more so the higher judiciary innovatively
interpreting the Constitution elevated the Environmental Right in to a Constitutional Right
from the ordinary simple public nuisance under the IPC. Apart from that the judiciary also
ingrained certain principles and doctrines into our Environmental Jurisprudence . Finally a
blend of technological solution with Economic, ecological and legal regime alone can solve
the Environmental problems effectively and for the sustenance of Sustainable Development.
A detailed discussion is made in this paper , inspite of Environmental Protection is
given constitutional status, with the availability of plethora of environmental legislations,
an independent statutory body for the effective enforcement of these legislation , and an
independent constitutional body namely judiciary for the interpretation of these legislations
are very much available still why the expected result is not got.
Keywords: Judicial Activism, Sustainable development, Supreme court, Environmental
Jurisprudence, social justice, public interest litigation
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GROUP- H
Sustainable Agriculture and Food
Security
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Sustainable Agriculture, Hunger Free World in Indian Perspective

Subir Mukhopadhyay
International Benevolent Research Foundation, Kolkata
Abstract: Wide spread hunger and pervasive malnutrition are persistent problems in a
large number of countries in the developing as well as to the developed world which have
attracted the attention of the policy makers. It is clear from recent studies that public
policies towards providing a social protection or security in general and policy measures
for small holding agriculture can be critical in reducing hunger and malnutrition both at the
individual and household levels. Further, in the absence of social protection, people especially
from vulnerable categories, are subjected to high risks of sinking below the poverty line or
remaining exposed in conditions of extreme poverty. In addition, there is strong evidence
that social security fosters long-term economic growth by raising labor productivity and
enhancing social stability.
In this respect if we look in to Indian agriculture, we see that it suffers from low productivity.
Besides it, there is a steady decline in the extent of land under food production (land and
distribution of land remains a major driver of food production) and its degradation. There is
lack of incentives for the farmers who are the key players in producing food that the country
needs. Crop insurance at the time of crop failure due to natural calamities is negligible. There
has been low pace in agriculture for irrigation, research and development for improved or
climate sensitive seeds and so forth. Increasing cost of inputs like seeds, fertilizers etc. making
agriculture unsustainable.
In the perspective a hunger-free India can be achieved through greater and integrated
through production, procurement and distribution. Depending on country's climate and soils,
technologies should be developed to achieve food security in India. They should be useful and
profitable to the farming community, nation and the health of the people and environment
without creating any loss to the farmers and to the agricultural sectors.
Keywords: Social protection, Labour productivity, Land productivity, Hunger free India
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 133

Role of Organic Farming in India

Arvind Kumar
Department of Botany, T.N.B. College, Bhagalpur
Abstract: Organic farming as a key to sustainable agriculture has captured the attention of many
countries worldwide. Organic farming is the practice of farming or raising of crops and other
livestock without using any inorganic chemical fertilizers, pesticides or any other genetically
modified organisms. India ranks 33rd in terms of total land under organic cultivation and
80th position for agriculture land under organic crops to total farming area. The Government
of India has implemented the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP). The
natonal programme involves the accreditation programme for certification bodies, norms
for organic production, promotion of organic farming, etc. They are eco-friendly and help to
reduce the soil infertility and soil erosion issues. It enhances the organic productivity which
promotes a healthy lifestyle. They are eco-friendly and help to reduce the soil infertility and
soil erosion issues. It enhances the organic productivity which promotes a healthy lifestyle.
The excess use of pesticides and fertilizers has led to the entry of harmful compounds into
food chain, death of natural enemies and deterioration of surrounding ecology. India has
a rich history of organic farming and the increasing domestic market of organic food can
provide the necessary drive to the organic movement.An environmentally sustainable system
of agriculture like organic farming will be able to maintain a stable resource balance, avoid
over exploitation of renewable resource, conserving inherent soil nutritional quality and soil
health, and biodiversity. It will lead us to sustainable agriculture and create a sustainable
lifestyle for generations to come.Awareness program at both the consumer and farmers’ level
is necessary for bringing about large scale organic conversion.
Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, NPOP, Organic productivity, Biodiversity
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In vitro Callus Induction in Two Traditionally Grown Legumes of

Jharkhand Cluster Bean (Cyamopsistetragonoloba L.) and Mung
Bean (Vignaradiata L.)
L Rani*, R Kumari, A K Choudhary and R K Pandey
Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi
Abstract: Present work was conducted to determine the mostappropriateconcentrationof

2,4-DichlorophenoxyAceticAcid in combination of BAPforcallusinductionin the two varieties
of legumes Cymopsis and Moong bean. Explantswereobtainedfromseeds of traditionally grown
variety collected from the tribal farmers and cultured in a modified MS medium supplemented
with varying concentrations of 2,4-D and BAP.2,4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) and
benzylaminopurine (BAP) induced callusing fromcotyledons in Cyamopsis and mung beanin
vitro callus induction from embryos of matured seeds Cymopsis and mung bean varieties
viz.,were studied.The explants were incubated in the growth chamber at 270C and kept in
dark. Monitoring forcallus induction for four Weeks. The resulting calli were sub cultured
on a media with a reduced 2, 4-D and BAP concentration to induce somatic embryogenesis.
Percentages of callus formation, embryogenic callus as well as growth coefficient were the
parameters monitored.. Callus induction were carried out on six different callus induction
medium having differentconcentration of 2,4-D viz., 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mg/l. The
callus induction frequencyvaried from 58.33 % to 96.67 %. Data generated were analyzed
using Chi-square and showed a significant difference among the different 2,4-D concentrations
(P≤0.05) AND BAP concentration.The maximum callus induction from cotyledon explantwas
evident in Cyamopsis on a medium supplemented with 2,4-D(2 mg/l) and 1.5 mg/l BAP) and
in mung bean on a medium supplemented with 2,4-D(1mg/l) and 1.5 mg/l BAP) Swelling
of the explants was observed 2 weeks in Cymopsis and 4 week after inoculation in moong
bean. Whilecallus initiation begun after 3 weeks in Cymopsis and 6 weeks in moong bean.
The calli werefoundtobeyellowish,compactandnodular in mung beanwhich turned brownish
if not subculture after 4-6 days of callus induction.Callusinductionwasfoundtoincreasewith
increase in the concentration of2, 4-D and BAP.This study will be useful for selecting suitable
hormone concentration medium for callus induction of the selected legumes.
Keywords: callusinduction, BAP, callus induction, 2,4-D, Vignaradiata L., Cyamopsistetra-
gonoloba L.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 135

Integrated Aquaculture; A Way to Enhance the Productivity of

Wetland in Rahika Block of Madhubani, North Bihar
Ajay Kumar1 and Mustafa kamal Ansari2*
Department of Botany, L.N.M.U. Darbhanga
1
2
Department of Botany, Millat College, Darbhanga
Abstract: The wetlands of madhubani serve as ideal ground for prolific breeding of the fishes
and give a lucrative harvest of fish each year. The people of this area are great connoisseurs
of fish. Not only that, Thefish become a symbol of Mithila. The scattered and isolated water
bodies are suitable for culturing of useful aquatic animals and plants of high economic value
under controlled and semi-controlled conditions. These can be profitable managed for fish
culture as well as water fruits like Makhana and Singhara.Which are of high economicand
nutritive values and relished by the people of India and abroad. The integrated farming
system model by integration of fish and water chestnut with fox nut was developed in 01 acre
of land in madhubani district. The net benefit from the system was recorded at Rs. 100550
(152000-51450) as compared to traditional system i.e, fox nut production alone.
This paper highlight the enhance the productivity of integrated aquaculture of Madhubani
District.
Keywords: Wetlands, Madhubani, fish, economic and nutritive value, water-bodies
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 136

Vertical Farming: A Tech-driven Solution for Food Security

Asmita1, NeetuKumari1 and Sumit Pal2
1
Department of Horticulture, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi
2
Department of Horticulture, BHU, Varanasi
Abstract: Vertical farming, a technology-driven model of agriculture, offers a means to

address farm output and food security in the 21st century. The global food supply is not in
the pace with the growing global population due to several factors including global climate
change which constitutes a serious threat to global security including food production in the
following decades. The anticipated population growth by 2050, with an expected 70% of it
living in the cities, forces a profound revision of recent efforts on food security and the means
to accomplish it. Environmental and spatial constrains within highly urbanized areas indicate
that vertical farming are going to be an important part of the future production. According to
the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, food production must increase by
70 percent before the year 2050 in order to meet global food needs. This growth must happen
against a headwind because urbanization is taking over arable land and simultaneously
pushing people away from farming as a profession. Vertical farm, as the name suggests, refers
to the cultivation of crops in multi-story greenhouses. Vertical farming is a revolutionary and
more sustainable method of agriculture than its counterpart as it lowers the requirement
of water to up to 70% and also saves considerable space and soil. These “farms” make use
of enclosed structures like warehouses and shipping containers to provide a controlled
environment to grow crops in a hydroponic or aeroponic system. Electronic sensors ensure
that crops receive the right amount of LED light, nutrients, and heat. The benefits include
independence from arable land, year-round growing capacities, less water consumption, and
improved crop predictability. Vertical farms can help meet our growing population’s needs
by offering an additional way to produce food that does not share the same volatility and
risk as conventional agriculture. While vertical farms require less water and arable land than
conventional farms, they are not carbon neutral. Though vertical farms can never be expected
to replace traditional farms, it is likely that they will have to complement each other if we are
to meet the food demands of tomorrow. It is economically sensible, environmentally friendly,
tech-savvy, and most importantly, health-sensitive. Vertical farming is not a fairy tale; it is
happening now. One acre of vertical farming can provide the produce equivalent to between
10-20 acres of conventional production. This system offers a model to enable greater future
food security, as production through such controlled systems is not vulnerable to variability
of factors such as climate or pests and pathogens. Furthermore, a vertical farm can take
advantage of low value land otherwise unavailable for food production. Vertical Farming is
thus regarded as a realistic future farming system, which may offer the stable model needed
for future food production, to provide for the 3 billion increases in population predicted by
2050.
Keywords: Climate change, Food security, Vertical farming
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 137

Biopesticides: An Alternative of Chemical Pesticides to Strengthen

Organic Farming in Jharkhand
Cecilia K. Barla1, Ajay Sharma1 and S. Maurya2
1
Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand
2
ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Research Centre, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: Excessive use of chemical pesticides for pest management in agriculture

jeopardised human health and environment by contaminating soil and water. Reports
indicated that the residual toxicity of chemical pesticides contaminated our food chain
and detected from meat, poultry, fish, to vegetable oils and various fruits and vegetables
as well as these chemicals develops resistance in insect against pesticides, also facilitate to
promote pest outbreak. For tackling the above issues, thousands of researches are going
to search of novel biocides for reduction of the dependency on chemical pesticides. As we
know, eco-friendly pest management by entomopathogenic microbes provides greater
advantage as they won’t contaminate water, soil, environments nor they will enter food-
chain or biodiversity. Among the entomopathogenic microbes, fungal entomopathogens
are different from rest because they directly penetrate the insect cuticle and enter the
haemocoel, whereas other microbes enter through ingestion and then cause disease in insect.
In Jharkhand, most of the entomopathogenic fungal genera’s namely Aspergillus, Beauveria,
Cordyceps, Entomophthora, Hirsutella, Metarhizium, Nomuraea, Verticillium species are
widely distributed in Eastern Plateau and Hill Region (EP&HR) of Jharkhand. Among the
entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria infects the host cuticle by lysing epicuticle and releasing
toxins like Beauvericin and Oosporin which weakens the host immune system, causing white
muscardine disease. Spores of Metarhizium and Nomuraea germinate on the cuticle, colonize
and kill the caterpillars of insect by its mycotoxin Destruxins. Moreover, Verticilium produces
toxins like Bassianolide and Dipicolinic acid, which infect all soft bodied sucking insects
(aphids, thrips). Hirsutella releases a mycotoxin which causes detectable cytopathic effects
in pests. The treasure of rich diversity of entomopathogenic fungal bioagents in EP&HR can
be exploited for development of novel biocides for wide area management of pest.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 138

Effect of Fish Meal and Biofertilizer Based Diets on Growth

Parameters of a Murrel, Channa gachua (Ham.)
Dina Nath Pandit and Sushama Kumari
Department of Zoology, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Arrah, Bihar
Abstract: An experiment of 45 days was conducted to evaluate the nutritive potential of

fish meal and mustard oil cake based diets on the growth performance and survivability of
Channa gachua. Six diets were prepared with different combinations of fish meal and mustard
oil cake. No significant differences in physico-chemical parameters of experimental water
were found in these parameters. Studies revealed an increase in final weight in comparison
to initial weight in all treatments. A decreasing trend was observed in percentage of weight
gain, daily growth co-efficient, total feed fed/fish, protein efficiency ratio and apparent food
digestibility but food conversion ratio increased value with the increase in the proportion of
mustard oil cake in experimental diet. The difference of these parameters in comparison to
control was found significant. Although, the protein content of mustard oil cake was more
than fish meal. The slower growth of fish may be due to presence of anti nutritional factors
such as glucosinolates and isothiocyanate as constituents of mustard oil cake.
Analysis of Prophase 1 (Meiosis- 1) in Pisumfulvum (Sibth. &

Sm.) for Chromosomal Secondary Association and Nucleoli per
Meiocytes
Kausar Kailm*, Saumya Sinha , Humairah Reyaz, Anand Prakash, Shahani Parween, A.
K. Bariar
Department of Zoology, St. Xavier College, Ranchi
Ranchi College, D.S.P. University , Ranchi
Abstract: The genus Pisum comprising of about 40 valid species and sub species with only
limited number of agronomic values are cultivated , particularly in the Indian agricultural
system. The species P.fulvum( Sibth. & Sm.)is lesser known and grown chiefly as fodder and
seeds used in some of religious functions under the vernacular name KusiaKeraw.
In the present communication the results obtained on the meiotic analysis of PMC’s by the
conventional acetocarmine squash technique for the secondary associations ( Uni-, bi-, tri- and
tetravalent ) vis-à -vis pollen sterility and crossibility , the number of satellite chromosome in
secondary constrictions in relation to the nucleolus was undertaken and its implications on
the seed settings and fertility will be highlighted and discussed.
Keywords: Acetocarmine squash technique, Crossibility, Pisumfulvum, Pollen Sterlity,
Satellite Chromosome, Secondary Association
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 139

Agroforestry Preferred Tree Species in Different Agro-climatic

Zone of India: A Review
Bijay Kumar Singh*, P. R. Oraon, M. S. Malik, Abhay Kumar, Amar Kumar and P. K. Singh
Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Faculty of Forestry, Birsa Agricultural University,
Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: Agroforestry is a dynamic, ecologically based natural resource management system

that, through which the integration of trees/ woody perennials in farm and rangelands,
diversifies and sustains production for increased social, economic and environmental
benefits. In Western Himalayan Region most preferred tree species in Grewia optiva, Malus
pumila, Melia composita and Ulmus wallichiana whereas in Eastern Himalayan Region Alnus
nepalensis, Pinus roxburghii, Cocus nucifera, and Anthocephalus cadamba, Acacia mangium.
In Lower Gangetic Plain most preferred tree species are Eucalyptus , Populus deltoides
, Emblica officinalis and Mangifera indica whereas in Middle Gangetic Plain are Populus
deltoids, Dalbergia sissoo, Casuarina equisetifolia, Psidium guajava and Mangifera indica. In
Upper Gangetic Plain most preferred tree species are Populus deltoids, Eucalyptus, Bambusa
balcooa whereas in Trans Gangetic Plains are Emblica officinalis, Azadirachta indica are
Populus deltoids. In Eastern plateau and hill region most preferred tree species are Gmelina
arborea, Acacia nilotica, Acacia mangium and Shorea robusta whereas in Central Plateau
and Hill Region are Emblica officinalis, Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus and
Dalbergia sissoo. Western Plateau and Hill Region most preferred tree species are Achrus
sapota, Dalbergia sissoo, Mangifera indica and Tectona grandis whereas in Southern Plateau
and Hill Region are Eucalyptus, Tamarindus indica, Pongamia pinnata, Melia azedarach and
Terminalia bellirica. In East Coast Plain and Hill Region most preferred tree species are
Ailanthus excelsa, Acacia leucophloea, Tamarindus indica, Custard apple, Mangifera indica
and Psidium guajava whereas in West Coast Plain and Hill Region Acacia auriculiformis,
Artocarpus heterophyllus, Tamarindus indica, Mangifera indica and Tectona grandis. In
Gujarat Plain and Hill Region most preferred tree species are Azadirachta indica and Ailanthus
excelsa & Western Dry Region Prosopis cineraria, Zizyphus nummularia, Emblica officinalis
and Dichrostachys cinerea whereas in Island Region Cocos nucifera and Areca catechu.
Trees mainly associated in agroforestry for the farmers need such as timber, housing, fodder,
fuel wood and minor tree products and to supplement crop productivity through moisture
conservation, addition of organic matter and maintaining the sustainability of soil.
Keywords: Agroforestry, Agro-climatic zone, Preferred, Region
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 140

Characterization of Genetic Diversity and Drought Tolerance of

Mutant Varieties of Gamma Irradiated Soybean
N. Verma, T. Izhar*, M. Chakraborty, K. Prasad, J. G. Manjaya, D. N. Singh and Z. A.
Haider
Department of GPB, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: Drought is one of the prime abiotic stresses in the world. Drought stress from
anthesis to maturity affects many morphological and physiological aspects of any plant
and significantly reduces final yield. There is a serious need to identify stress-tolerant
genotypes that can grow and flourish well under harsh environments. Among the different
present approaches, mutagenesis and mutation breeding and the isolation of improved or
novel phenotypes in conjunction with conventional breeding programs can result in mutant
varieties endowed with new and desirable variations of agro metrical traits. Mutation breeding
is the purposeful application of mutations in plant breeding. This study was undertaken on
induced mutagenesis with two varieties of Soybean, BSS-2 and RKS- 18 with Gamma rays
(50,100,150,200 and 400 Gy) from B.A.R.C Mumbai. The purpose of this research was to
screen the early maturing drought tolerant lines with increased yield. Two experiments
were conducted simultaneously . The first one was sown under normal condition and second
was sown for drought screening. In first experiment, germination percentage decrease was
associated with increase in dose of mutagen in both the varieties. In both the varieties, lower
injury percentage was found good for drought evaluation. Further for root study it was found
that it increased with decrease in dose (50 Gy) in both the varieties, means the lower doses
were desirable for drought screening. Some morphological (viable) mutants were observed in
M4 generation from early seedling stage to till the plant attained physiological maturity with
different doses of Gamma rays and an increase in number of viable mutants were recorded.
The viable mutants isolated in the present study included mutants with agronomically
desirable features which could possibly be utilized in future for breeding programmes. In the
variety, BSS-2 maximum number of viable mutations (32) was recorded in 150 Gy of Gamma
rays followed by 100 Gy dose (28). In the variety, RKS-18 maximum number of viable mutants
(29) was observed in 200 Gy dose followed by 100 Gy (23). The possible cause of these macro
mutations may be chromosomal aberrations, small deficiencies or duplications and most
probably gene mutations.
Keywords: Mutagenesis, soybean, gamma rays, drought
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 141

Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security: Challenges and Policies

of Jharkhand
Naboshree Bhattacharya, Mansi Shah and Tripti Tripathi
Abstract: Sustainability is the process of maintaining change in an equitable way, in which

the exploitation of resources, the management of investment, the orientation of technological
evolution and institutional diversification are all in sync and heighten both current and
future potential to satisfy human needs and desires. Sustainable agriculture is farming in
sustainable ways based on an understanding of ecosystem services, the contemplation
of relationships between organisms and their environment. Agricultural growth has an
essential role in relation to poverty curtailment in the context of economic development and
growth as a whole. Agricultural sector contributed 16.2 percent to Nation’s GDP in 2014-15
( based on 2011-12 prices) against 15.2 percent in the 11th plan. The country’s population
is anticipated to stabilize at 1.6 billion by 2050. Hence, per capita availability of land, water
and other limited natural resources will persist to diminish. On the other hand biotic (insect-
pests and diseases) and abiotic stresses like flood, drought, etc are on the increase. Hence,
meeting the long run projected demand for food grains of 277 million tons by 2020 would
need combined efforts by States and Centre. To deal with numerous problems and issues
associated with agriculture, a task Force on Agricultural Development under the leadership of
Vice-Chairman, NITI Aayog has been established. Jharkhand State falls under the agro-climatic
zone VII (Eastern highland and mountainous region), which has been additionally divided
into three subzones. The State receives annual downfall of 1200-1600 mm and therefore
the climate here ranges from dry semi humid to humid semi arid types. Total tillable area
in Jharkhand is about 48.67 percent. Government of Jharkhand was determined to establish
an exclusive commission for food security and consequently the Department of food, public
distribution and consumer affairs set up Jharkhand State Food Commission via notification
number 1632 on 13th April 2017. Agricultural development is vital to food security in many
ways, contributing to food availability, access and stability through diversity of food produced
and food utilization. There are many government schemes, policies and acts for securing the
call for food of the people of Jharkhand.
In the light of the background, this study would quantitatively and qualitatively explore the
benefits derived by farmers of Jharkhand who off late have been encouraged to take up
sustainable means of agriculture.This paper would be a preliminary contribution towards
exploring the economic and social impact for invigorating the participation level of the
farmers at grass-roots level.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 142

Morphological, Cultural and Pathogenic Variations in Fusarium

udum Isolates Infecting Pigeonpea in Jharkhand
H. C. Lal1, M. Hareesh1, Savita Ekka1, Niraj Kumar2 and Binay Kumar3
1
Department of Plant Pathology, 2Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, 3Department of
Agril. Entomology, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi
Abstract: Pigeonpea wilt is widely prevalent throughout the world and more important
in India devastating the crop. The genus Fusarium have wide host range and survives for
long time in the field in the absence of host plant and attacks the plants at any stage of
their growth and life cycle. After conducting elaborate survey at 10 locations, forty isolates
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. udum were collected for studying variations among isolates for
morphological characters and categorized into three groups viz.,fast, medium and slow.
Morphological studies of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. udum revealed that the dimensions of
macro condia, micro conidia and chlamydospores showed larger variations among different
isolates. The cultural characters observed on PDA medium and the mycelium colour was
white and pinkish at the center with dense to fluffy growth. The size of mycelial width varied
from3 μm (Fou-Bor -4) to 6.32 μm(Fou – Ran - 4). Microconidia were small, oval in shape
and hyaline in colour, unicellular, with one or two septa, and measured in the range of size
between 6.00 × 2.10 μm(Fou-Ran- 4) to 10.80 × 3.00 μm (Fou- Kok-1). The macroconidia
were long, curved, sickle shaped, pointed at the tip, Hyaline in colour and knotched at the
base, septated (2-4 septa) and measured between 19.05 × 3.25 μm (Fou- Hoc-4) to 28.70
× 2.50 μm (Fou- Kok-1).Chlamydospores with spherical in shape and hyaline in colour and
it’s dimensions also varied in all 40 isolates of the pathogen. Chlamydospores dimensions
varied from 8.20× 7.92 μm (Fou- Buk – 2) to 11.35 × 8.20 μm (Fou-Nag-3). Spore density
varied for macro conidia in the range of 6 to 13, micro conidia ranged between 20 to 42 and
for chlamydospores, it was between 2 to 8 number per ml. Among all the four different semi
solid media, maximum radial growth 72.90 mm for Fou-Ran-1was observed on PDA media.
All forty isolates performed well on PDA media compared with remaining ones. It was also
observed that there is a great variation in sporulation among isolates on different media and
conidial characteristics.Among four liquid media, maximum and fastest mycelial growth was
obtained inPDA medium followed by Richards medium, Czapeks medium,& Martins medium.
In PDA liquid media isolate Fou-Ran-1 given maximum mycelial dry weight that is 470 mg.
After in detailed study ofall forty isolates regarding their cultural, morphological studies these
isolates are grouped into different categories based on criteria like size of macro and micro
conidia,septation of macro condia, their growing speed on different semi solid mediums and
number of spores under 10x microscopic field.
Keywords: Wilt, pigeonpea, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. udum, Morphological, Cultural,
Pathogenic, Variations
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 143

Effect of Vermicompost on Growth and Yield of Okra [Abelmoschus

esculentus (L.). Moench]
Subodh Hansda, Rimpa Mandal, Sanchita Kumar and Subrata Raha
Dept. of Botany, S.K.B.U., Purulia
Abstract: Vermicompost is a type of compost where different species of earthworm (Eisenia

fetida) are used to convert organic waste conversion in to a better end product. It is a process
of utilizing microorganisms and earthworms. Earthworms feed the organic waste materials
and pass it through their digestive system and gives out compost in a granular form. It is a
stabilized, finely divided peat-like material with a low C: N ratio with a high porosity and
water-holding capacity that contain most of the nutrients which are readily taken up by
plants. Vermicompost is rich in NKP (nitrogen 2-3%, potassium 1.85-2.25% and phosphorus
1.55-2.25%) produced by Eisenia fetida. It also contains micronutrients, humic acid, plant
growth hormones & enzymes.
In this present trial different proportion of vermicompost was applied to Abelmoschus
esculentus (L.) Moench to measure their growth and yield. Twelve bacterial and six fungal
colonies were isolated and grown in culture medium and identified on the basis of microscopic
and biochemical characters. Experimental pots were filled by potting mixtures prepared from
different proportion of vermicompost and basal media in addition to control sets (T1 – control,
T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7). The plant had shown best vegetative growth, yield and flowering in T5
set (40% vermicompost and 60% basal media mixture). Considered collectively, the results
of this study indicate that incorporation of vermicompost of plant origin into a traditional
base medium of farm soil enhanced growth, yield and productivity of potted Ladies finger
plants. Vermicompost had a positive effect on Growth parameters like Germination time, first
leaf initiation, Leaf numbers, first bud initiation, flower number, fruit yield and Physiological
parameters like chlorophyll and protein content on okra plant compared to control media
(T1).
Keywords: Microorganisms, Growth, Yield, Chlorophyll, Protein
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 144

Potential and Future Prospects of Mycoinsecticides– A Brief Review

Purnima Paramanik and Subrata Raha
Dept. of Botany, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia
Abstract: Entomopathogenic fungi are used as pesticide from last two decades and have
opened a new avenue in biological control. The use of entomopathogenic fungi in pest control
programme is one of the environment friendly pest control method & also a sustainable
solution to increase crop yield. The fungal entomopathogens kill insect through the four
steps – adhesion, penetration, growth & multiplication. Some environmental factors like
precipitation, sunlight, temperature, humidity and leaf surface chemistry have the impact
on the working efficiency of mycoinsecticides. The entomopathogenic fungi can be effective
against arthropod pests, due to presence of their genetic traits for virulence.
These fungi are important natural regulators because they act against diverse group of insect
pests (Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera,
Isoptera, Siphonaptera, and Blattodea). The most commonly used entomopathgenic soil
fungi are such as M. anisopliae and B. bassiana and their spores spread by soil invertebrates,
potentially infecting other target insects. Different entomopathogenic fungi viz Metarhizium
anisopliae, Beauveriam bassiana, Metarhizium flavoride and Entomophaga grylli are used to
control a large number of pest species including aphids, beetles, cockroaches, grasshoppers,
mosquitoes, moths, butterflies, termites, thrips, weevils, whiteflies and mosquitoes. Research
studies shows that B. bassiana produce toxins such as beauvericin, bassianolide, beauverolides,
isarolides, pigments (bassianin, tenellin, oosporein), and oxalic acid. Helicoverpa armigera
had shown resistance to several groups of insecticides in cotton, chilies, sunflower, tomato,
groundnut, pigeonpea, and chickpea. Entomopathogenic fungus produces some most
important enzymes like lipases, proteases and chitinases, and produce sequentially.
Biological pesticides are specific to a target pest which is an ecologically sound and effective
solution for pest problem. LUBILOSA programme very much effective for controlling locust and
grasshoppers by fungi specifically by strains of Metarhizium. Mycoinsecticides development,
commercialization and use are not always easy. Developers and users of these products
must argue in favour of such biological control method which is environmental friendly and
economically. This brief review will serve as a reference of overall impact of entomopathogenic
fungi on pest population and their potential applications to build sustainable agriculture.
Keywords: Entomopathogenic fungi, Insect pest, Sustainable agriculture
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 145

Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in the Current Times

Abbu Zaid1 and Shabir H. Wani2
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany Aligarh Muslim
1
University, Aligarh
2
Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Khudwani Anantnag, Sher-e-Kashmir University of
Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, J&K
Abstract: Agriculture sector is one of the most important tasks practiced by mankind for
its survival and proliferation on earth since time immemorial. Agriculture was the prime
reason which compelled humans to left the nomadic life style and settled in colonies now we
know as cities, towns or villages. However with the passage of times, with unprecedented
increase in population the pressure on agriculture and allied sectors also accelerated. With
limited space and fertile land available introduction of means such as chemical fertilizers and
pesticides began in 19th and 20th centuries. This results a boost in the agriculture sector
and we were able to feed major part of the ever growing human population. Despite a huge
advancement in technology and un-precedent use of chemicals, recent surveys reveal that at
present, around 870 million people are hunger stricken due to various resource scarcities
and therefore FAO in 2012 reported that there is need to increase the agriculture production
by 60% if we want to fulfill the needs of about 9 billion population in 2050. Till date, to
enhance the production of crops, farmers have mainly relied on use of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides. The challenges of environmental pressures, global warming, climate change and
population explosion in the current times has increased manifold since industrial revolution.
These problems has adversely affected the agriculture and allied food sectors primarily in
developing countries like India. The challenge of sustainable food production in fluctuating
environment is a challenging task. The use of biostimulants, inorganic amendments and
genetic engineering techniques together can help us for attaining these goals in the current
times. The coordination and integration in these techniques highlights the advancements of
knowledge and links it with a promising sustainable strategy to be used by farmers in global
changing environment for increasing their produce.
Keywords: crop improvement; climate change; food production.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 146

In vitro Studies In Vignaangularis

Anil Kumar
Department of Botany, Govt. P.G. (Autonomous) College, Rishikesh, Dehradun
Abstract: For the present study two accessions of Vignaangularis were used. Dedifferentiation
in control and chromium treated mutants (10-1 to 10-10 M of K2Cr2O7) of Vignaangularis
was attempted by using various seedling parts like hypocotyl, cotyledons or whole seedlings
from precultures. Three growth hormones (1 auxin 2, 4-D and 2 cytokinins- kinetin (KN)
and BAP) in MS were taken for callus induction. The 2, 4-D was used with both KN and BAP
in ratios 3:1, 4:1 and 5:1. The callus formation was found in combination 2, 4 –D and BAP at
4:1 ratio (2.0 and 0.5ml/l of MS) in control as well as all mutants except 10-2M, 10-3M and
10-4M Cr concentration. No callus was found in combination 2, 4-D and KN. In one accession,
10-8M and 10-7M were showing more callus formation than other concentrations, similarly
in other, 10-10M, 10-7M and 10-5M were showing good results. For shoot induction soild
MS was supplemented with two cytokinins BAP and KN in concentrations 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7µl/l.
Maximum shoots were observed in medium having 5 µl /l BAP in all concentrations except
10-2M and 10-3M in both accessions. Though shoots were also observed in 6 µl/l BAP in 10-
10M and control. No results were found with MS and KN. For root formation two auxins IBA
and NAA were used in concentrations 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 µl/l in solid MS. Maximum roots
were observed in control and lower Cr concentrations of IBA in both the accessions. No root
formation was observed in 10-3M and 10-2M of IBA. MS with NAA showed no results.
Keywords: dedifferentiation, redifferentiation, Vignaangularis
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 147

Ecofriendly Management of Black Mold Disease of Onion by

Trichoderma asperellum
Rupa Verma1*, Ashok Kumar Choudhary1, Abhijit Dutta2 and Sudarshan Maurya3
1
Department of Biotechnology, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand
2
Department of Zoology, Ranchi University Ranchi, Jharkhand
3
ICAR–Research Complex for Eastern Region, Research Centre, Plandu, Ranchi
Abstract: Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the major vegetable crops in India that are damaged
and lost by pathogenic fungal infection. Postharvest infections are among the important
reasons which exacerbatehorticultural products in order of storage and delivery. Aspergillus
nigeris well known black mold which causes several storage diseases. Among the storage
diseases, black mould disease of onion is an important disease which is caused by A. niger.
The occurrence of postharvest infections and subsequent diseases can influence the value of
the fresh food products and also hamper the shelf life.Trichodermaasperellum is a free living,
ubiquitous fungus which is very common in the habitat of soil and root ecosystem, is known
as a potent avirulent plant symbionts and it parasitizes several soilbornephytopathogens.
Highest radial growth wasobtained at temperature 30 ºC in laboratory condition.T. asperellum
isolated were found highly effective to inhibit the radial growth in laboratory condition.
Percentage inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) of A.niger by T. asperellum inhibited 55.17 %
within five days, 77.20% within 7 days and 92.06 % in 12 days in laboratory condition.After
post-harvest fungicidal testing, black mold disease could bewell managed by dipping harvested
onion bulb in 3 ×103cfu solution of T. asperellum. Variousphytopathogens were reported to
attain resistance against man-made antifungal agents.Hence, the present scenario demanded
the exploration of a natural antifungal agent for ecofriendly post -harvest management. so
this work summarizes the utilization of T. asperellum as antagonost in the control of black
molddisease of Onion and Garlic.
Keywords: Trichoderma asperellum, Aspergillus niger, Antagonost, Percentage inhibition,
Phytopathogens
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 148

Effect of Foliar Fertilization on Soybean

Md. Parwaiz Alam, S. K. Singh, N. Ali and A.K. Singh
Department of Agronomy, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: Soybean is worldwide growing important oilseed crop. It is the cheapest source
of plant protein for poor people but availability of protein for ever increasing population
remained too less. To meet out this increasing demand farmer use more and more chemical
fertilizer through soil application to increase productivity. Abundant use of chemical fertilizer
degrade the soil physico-chemical properties resulted in non- availability of nutrients to the
plants. In order to avoid or minimize the severity of such condition, foliar application of
nutrients is imperative. Field experiment was conducted at Agronomical Research farm Birsa
Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand during Kharif season 2015 on sandy loam soil with
low organic carbon (4.10 g/kg) and available nitrogen (192.5 kg/ha), moderately acidic (pH
5.1) in nature, medium potassium (128 kg/ha), phosphorus (13.65 kg/ha), boron (0.58 mg/
kg), molybdenum (0.25 mg/kg) and zinc (0.60 mg/kg). The experiment was laid out in a RBD
with 9 treatments: T1- RDF + water spray, T2- RDF + urea 2% spray, T3- RDF + DAP 2%
spray, T4- RDF + MOP 0.5% spray, T5- RDF + 19:19:19 (N:P2O5:K2O) 2% spray, T6- RDF +
molybdenum 0.5% spray, T7- RDF + boron 0.5% spray, T8- RDF + zinc chelated 0.5% spray
and T9- RDF only and replicated thrice.
Results revealed that the productivity of soybean was influenced by foliar application
of nutrients. Among application of nutrients, RDF along with molybdenum 0.5% spray
produced higher dry matter (795.52 g/m2), nodule count (15/plant) at 60 DAS, branches
per plant (2.33), pods/plant (31) resulted in higher grain (15.24 q/ha) and straw (20.62 q/
ha) yield, which was significantly higher than all other treatment but it was at par with RDF
+ zinc chealted 0.5% spray and RDF + 19:19:19 (N:P2O5:K2O) 2% spray. Total N (112.80
kg/ha), P (10.55 kg/ha), K (39.72 kg/ha), B (85.92 g/ha), Mo (7.29 g/ha) and Zn (76.17 g/
ha) uptake were also found highest with foliar application of molybdenum 0.5% along with
RDF. However, foliar application of zinc chelated 0.5% spray along with RDF gave highest net
return (22630Rs/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.19).
Based on the result of present investigation, it may be concluded that foliar application of zinc
chelated 0.5% spray along with RDF proved to be more productive and economically viable
for soybean cultivation.
Keyword: Soybean, Foliar fertilization, Productivity, Micronutrient
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 149

Influence of Different Establishment Methods and Integrated

Nitrogen Management on Productivity of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Md. Naiyar Ali1, P. C. Pandey2, Akhilesh Sah1 and P. Alam1
2
Department of Agronomy, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, U. K.
1
Department of Agronomy, BAU., Ranchi
Abstract: An experiment was conducted during kharif, 2010 and 20011 at the Crop Research
Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, located in tarai region
of India. Twelve treatment combinations with three establishment methods (conventional
transplanting ,SRI and aerobic) as main plot, four variable proportion nitrogen combination
through FYM and Urea i.e N25((FYM)+N95 (Urea) ,N50(FYM)+N70(Urea ),N75 (FYM)+N45
(Urea )and N120(Urea)as sub plot factor were tested. Establishment methods and INM
significantly influenced the yield attributes (number of filled spikelets per m2, panicle weight,
test weight and panicle length) of rice. Plants were significantly with more number of tillers
per hill ,number of filled spikelets per m2, panicle weight, test weight and panicle length of rice
were obtained due to SRI as compared to conventional transplanting and aerobic methods of
cultivation during 2010 and 2011.Under SRI, 11 per cent increase in grain yield was noticed as
compared to conventional transplanting. The lowest grain yield was recorded under aerobic
cultivation which was 7 per cent lower than conventional transplanted cultivation. Among
three rice establishment methods, SRI was more advantageous in terms of net return (23%)
and grain yield (11%) compared to conventional transplanting. Among INM treatments
N75FYM+N45(Urea) caused significantly higher number of filled spikelets per m2, panicle
weight, test weight , panicles per m2 and grain yield(6%)of rice. SRI provided perceptible
gains in yield and income over conventional method in tarai belt of India.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 150

Cultivation of Non-Traditional Crops in Jharkhand

Priya Minakshi and Soma Karmaker
P. G. Dept. of Botany, Gossner College, Ranchi
Abstract: Jharkhand state is rich in mining forest and biodiversity resources with near about
80 lakh hectare of geographical area consisting of 23% of net sown area, 29% forest area
and about 48%under pasture and grazing land and fallow land . Rainfed agriculture is the
predominant feature in Jharkhand. The irrigation facility is very low covering only about
10-12% of net cultivated area. The productivity of crops is lower than the national average.
This is resulting in big deficiency of food grain in the state. Considering the backward nature
of agriculture scenario in Jharkhand, a large number of schemes have been started by
central and state government and several other organization to increase the production and
productivity of crops and allied activities in the state is promoting farmer preferred improved
non -traditional crops varieties to raise average yields and help design resilient productive
cropping system. Pulses are non- traditional crops in the state. Improved crop production
technologies for chickpea and oilseed crops are being promoted in rainfed rice fallow lands
Where farmers used to grow nothing after the paddy harvest .Chickpea and other crops like
field pea, linseed or mustard can now use to the remaining soil moisture and can escape
terminal drought. It provides sufficient scope for augmenting employment opportunities and
income of the farming community. Since there is a thriving market for these food grains,
farmers are quickly adopting these new crops. This improved and transformed technology in
agriculture has considerably increased the total food grain production in the state.
Keywords: Rainfed, Fallow land, Irrigation, Non-traditional, Resilient
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 151

Assessment of Morphological Variation for Different Qualitative

Characters in Medium Duration Genotype of Pigeonpea
Niraj Kumar*, Jenny Priya Ekka, H. C. Lal, C. S. Mahto, Krishna Prasad, Binay Kumar
and M. K. Barnwal
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, BAU, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: Pigeonpea is a fast growing sturdy plant which has wider adaptability, and high
tolerance towards various environmental stresses. Pigeonpea is often cross pollinated crop
with chromosome number [2n=2x=22], with high proteinaceous profile, and deliver high
biomass productivity. Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan(L.) Mill sp.], belong to the order Fabales,
family-Fabaceae, and sub family-Faboideae. It belong to Cajaninae that has a unique
characteristic of having distinct vesicular gland on the leaves, calyx and pods which excrete a
sticky substance on their surface .this characteristic signifies the presence of waxiness along
with the presences of pod and leaf pubescence. Pigeonpea is known to display an excellent
set of qualitative characters as in , it is an erect -to-semi-spreading type, with maximum height
of about 1-2m, but in many cases it has been known to reach upto 2-5 m height. The root
can reach up to a depth of 2m. The deep root system of pigeonpea which help it withstand
drought. The stem is woody and angular & the leaves are alternate and trifoliate. The flower
are born in a group of 5-10 buds in racemes and are generally papilionaceous and yellow in
color with distinct streaks fruit in straight, and shows constrictions and displays pubescence.
The pods contain 2-9, which is one of the important characters contributing to the yield. A
total of 14 medium duration genotypes of pigeonpea were taken up for study, evaluation, and
for characterisation for the present investigation. The entries consisted of six genotypes of
F6 generation with negligible segregation along with three national checks BDN-2, JKM-189,
ASHA and one local check BA-1, with two multi-resistant (Wilt and SMD resistance) checks
BSMR-736 and BSMR-853 and two highly susceptible checks MARUTI for susceptibility to
Sterility Mosaic Disease and ICP 2376 for susceptibility to Fusarium Wilt. In the present
investigation a total of ten character were taken up for the study of the qualitative traits viz
Branching pattern, Growth habit, flower colour, flower streak, pod colour, pod constriction,
seed shape, seed colour, seed size, and seed colour pattern. It was observed that for the
character growth pattern both determinate and indeterminate growth habit was observed
with majority of them being indeterminate, for the character like pod colour three major
colour variation was observed green with brown streak being observed in majority of the
genotypes, green with purple, and dark purple. These qualitative characters along with the
other 8 characters are described in this present investigation and the data collected is studied
in relation to the growth patterns of pigeonpea, which will help guideline the selection of the
suitable plant in a sound breeding programme.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 152

Study the Biology of Rice Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.) on BG-3

Variety of Stored Wheat
Binay Kumar, Md. Zarif, H. C. Lal And Niraj Kumar
Abstract: The investigation on the biology of rice weevil on BG-3 variety of wheat were carried
out at in the Laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Entomology, of Birsa Agricultural
University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand. The results indicated that the incubation period in BG-3
variety ranged from 4 to 6 days with total average 4.85 days respectively. Adult male survived
with out food for only 4 to 6 days with mean of 5.20 days respectively. The adult longevity of
female without food ranged from 8 to 11 days with mean 6.70 days respectively. The adult
longevity of male with food were ranged from 65 to 73 days with the average of 67.50 days.
The adult longevity of female with food was ranged from 110 to 113 days with mean 111.5
days respectively. Pre- oviposition period was recorded 3.5 to 5 days with the total average of
4.25 days. The oviposition period ranged from 38 to 50 days with the average of 43.12 days
respectively. The post oviposition period was recorded on BG-3 variety of wheat was ranged
from 24 to 27 days with average of 25.25 days respectively. The fecundity of mated female
ranged from 65 to 91 days with average of 75.05 days on during total life cycle. The total life
cycle with food ranged on BG-3 wheat from 99 to 108 days with total average 102.50 days
respectively.
The Egg hatchability of rice weevil egg laying by 5 female ranged from 16 to 18 eggs with
total eggs were 85 during 5 days egg hatched ranged from 10 to 13 with total 58 egg hatched,
unhatched egg ranged from 5 to 6 with the total unhatched eggs was 27 eggs and hatchability
percentage of eggs was ranged from 62.5 to 72.22 percent with total percentage was 68.14
percent.
Keywords: Biology, incubation period, rice weevil
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 153

Banded Sheath Blight an Emerging Problem in Small Millet

Cultivation and Its Eco-Friendly Management
Savita Ekka, H. C. Lal and N. Kudada
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke,
Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: Small millets consisting of a group of six crops viz., finger millet (Eleusine coracana),
kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum), foxtail millet (Setaria italica), little millet (Panicum
sumatrense), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) and barnyard millet (Echinochloa crusgalli)
provide household food and nutritional security to millions of impoverished people inhabiting
in remote and inhospitable areas. The total area, production and productivity of small millets
is 0. 68 mha, 0.43 mt and 630 kg/ha. Many of them are of short duration and are able to provide
substantial yield in a short period of 60-65 days. Utilization of these crops is mainly as food
for urban community in form of nutria-cereales , but they also provide good quality fodder for
cattle. Small millets are hardy crops and show quick rejuvenating capacity to various biotic
and abiotic stresses. In recent years, widespread cultivation of semi-dwarf, high tillering and
high yielding cultivars fertilized with high doses of nitrogen aggravates the spread of banded
sheath blight disease incited by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (Basidial stage: Thanatephorus
cucumeris (Fr.) Donk).Now a days it becomes an emerging malady in successful cultivation
of small millet which contributed yield losses as high as 50%, in the susceptible cultivars.
For the management of test pathogen, the experiments were carried out in the laboratory
and research farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi in two consecutive years of Kharif
2016 & 2017 on little millet and foxtail millet as they are more vulnerable to the disease.
In vitro evaluation of five known fungal bio-control agents by Dual Culture Method resulted
that Trichoderma harzianum procured from PJTSAU, Hyderabad (T.harzianum-H) inhibited
maximum mycelial growth (88.98%) of R. solani followed by Trichoderma viride-1 (86.02%)
procured from BAU, Ranchi (T.viride-R1). After in vitro evaluation, field performance of bio-
control agents were also tested on highly susceptible little millet var. OLM 95 and foxtail millet
var. SiA 3282 cultivars by using three different bio control agent viz., Pseudomonas flourescens,
Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis alone or in combination as seed treatment and soil
application. Among 8 treatments, soil application of value added Pseudomonas flourescens +
Trichoderma viride + Bacillus subtilis 335g each of talc formulation mixed in 25 kg FYM at the
time of sowing recorded least banded blight of 19.17 per cent with highest grain yield of 607
kg/plot as compare to 45.83 per cent banded blight and 418.5 kg/plot grain yield in control
plot of little millet during Kharif, 2016 . The treatment also recorded least banded sheath
blight incidence of 17.07 per cent with highest grain yield of 580.33 kg/plot as compare to
42.67 per cent banded blight and 407.41 kg/plot grain yield in control plot of little millet and
least banded sheath blight incidence of 13.15 per cent with highest grain yield of 773.65 kg/
plot as compare to 35.19 per cent banded blight and 576.12 kg/plot grain yield in control plot
of foxtail millet during Kharif, 2017.
Keywords: Banded sheath blight, Rhizoctonia solani, Small millet, management, bio agents
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 154

Enhancing Farmers' Income through Agroforestry Practices in

Jharkhand
P. R. Oraon1*, Abhay Kumar2 and Bijay Kumar Singh1
1
Department of Silviculture & Agroforestry, Faculty of Forestry, BAU, Ranchi, Jharkhand
2
Department of Agronomy, Ranchi Agriculture College, BAU, Ranchi
Abstract: The geographical area of the Jharkhand state is 79.71 lakh ha in which, 29 percent
is under forest (23.2 lakh ha) and 24 percent is under agriculture (18.6 lakh ha cropped area).
Total wasteland in the state covers 23 lakh ha and 7 lakh ha is degraded land. Average rain
fall in the state is 1300 mm in south eastern Plateau. The precipitation is seasonal and erratic.
About 90% of cropped areas are rain fed. Jharkhand covers 3 agro-climatic sub-zone viz,
Central-North-Plateau, Western plateau and South-Eastern Plateau. Doubling real income of
farmers by 2022 requires annual growth of 10.41 percent in farmer’s income. This implies
that the on-going and previously achieved rate of growth in farm income has to be accelerated
drastically. Therefore, strong measures will be needed to harness all possible sources of
growth in farmers’ income within as well as outside agriculture sector.
Adoption of agroforestry in the State will provide livelihood opportunity; enhance the income
along with generation of employment. The livelihood systems in the area are primarily
dependent on combinations of agriculture, forests and labouring. Due to very small holding
and the very low productivity of the land most households take out of a living by maintaining
a diversified pattern of occupations; no single activity provides sufficient resources to
entirely ensure their livelihood. Many agroforestry practices like agrisilculture, silvipastoral,
silvihorticultural, muultipurpose tree plantations etc. are found suitable for the farmers of
Jharkhand for increased income.
Keywords: Agroforestry, income, livelihood
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 155

Agroforestry for Improving Livelihood and Enhancing Farmers

Income in India
Abhay Kumar1*, P. R. Oraon2, Bijay Kumar Singh2 and Shailesh Kumar Sinku2
1Department of Agronomy, Ranchi Agriculture College, BAU, Kanke, Ranchi
2Department of Silviculture Agroforestry, Faculty of Forestry, BAU, Kanke, Ranchi
Abstract: The role of agroforestry products and environmental services to meet the subsistence
needs of low income households and providing a platform for greater and sustained livelihood
of the society is immense. Increased supply of wood has triggered a substantial increase in
the number of small-scale industries dealing with wood and wood based products. Such
industries promote agroforestry and contribute to increasing area of farm forestry. Recognizing
agroforestry as a viable venture, many business corporations, limited companies such as ITC,
WIMCO, West Coast Paper Mills Ltd, Hindustan paper Mills Ltd., and financial institutes such
as IFFCO have entered into the business and initiated agroforestry activities in collaboration
with farmers on a large scale. One of the major contributions of agroforestry for the economy
is the livelihood impact, both in terms of income and employment generation. Besides the
existing agroforestry practices, there is a potential to increase by up to 943 million person
days annually from the 25.4 m ha of agroforestry.
A comprehensive study published by Planning Commission, GoI in 2001 indicated economic
viability with IRR ranging from 25 to 68 and B:C ratio of 1.01 to 4.17 for 24 agroforestry
systems from different agro-climatic regions of the country. Agroforestry models adopted by
the farmers in upper gangetic region and especially in Haryana, Punjab and Western Uttar
Pradesh are highly lucrative, therefore, attracting farmers in a big way. In these areas poplar
planted on agricultural fields and field boundaries are harvested at 6 to 8 years rotation, and
the average economic return of poplar based agroforestry systems is very high compared to
that of sole agriculture crop.
Keywords: agroforestry, income, economics, B:C ratio
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 156

Role of Epidemiological Factors on Development of Alternaria

Blight of Mustard Caused by Alternaria brassicae
M. K. Barnwal, D.N. Singh, Niraj Kumar, H. C. Lal, Nishar Akhtar and B. K. Agarwal
Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: Mustard is one of the most important rainfed oilseed crop grown in India (Singh
and Chauhan, 2013). The severe attack of many diseases not only deteriorates the quality
of the seed but also reduces the oil content in mustard. Diseases are important limiting
factors, which restrict the fast expansion of cultivation and abade the productivity of the
mustard-rapseed. More than 30 diseases like Alternaria blight, downy mildew, powdery
mildew, Sclerotinia stem rot and white rust etc. which causes yield loss in Brassica crops in
India (Kolte et al., 1987; Saharan, 1992). Among them Alternaria blight caused by Alternaria
brassicae (Berk) Sacc. is most destructive disease in India, particularly in Jharkhand State. In
earlier days importance was not given to this disease because of occurrence was irregular or
sporadic and the symptoms were mostly restricted to leaves and stem. Most of the commercial
varieties grown in Jharkhand state are susceptible or moderately susceptible to this disease
and change in climatic conditions and cropping system have paved the way for the outbreak
of this disease (Mehta, 2014). Therefore, the present studies were under taken to study role
of epidemiological factors on the development of Alternaria blight of mustard caused by
Alternaria brassicae under artificial condition of inoculation during, Rabi, 2015-16 and 2016-
17.
Early sowing of mustard suffers less infection of Alternaria blight of mustard in comparison
to late sown crop. Lowest disease intensity of 18.6 and 14.3% were recorded when crop was
sown on 16 October, 2015-16 and 2016-17 crop seasons, respectively. This treatment also
recorded highest grain yield of 7.14 and 7.50 q/ha during above two years. The temperature
ranges from 11.1 to 29.8oC and 8.8 to 28.8 0C, Relative humidity (51.7- 89% and 50.7 to
88.9%, and Total evaporation (258.6- 280.8 and 373-394) helps in development of disease
during 2015-16 and 2016-17 respectively. Maximum, minimum and Mean temp., Maximum
RH, Minimum RH, Mean RH showed significant negative correlation with disease intensity.
Whereas rainfall was nonsignificant correlation with disease intensity during both above
year. Total evaporation was significant negative correlation with disease intensity during
2015-16 and significant positive correlation with disease intensity during 2016-17.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 157

Characterization and Evaluation of Biochars from different plant

residues
Asha Kumari Sinha*, D. K. Shahi, S. B. Kumar, Aashisan Minz, Shikha Verma, Prerna
deep and Madhuri Toppo
Department of Soil Sci. Agril. Chemistry, Ranchi Agriculture College, BAU, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: Biochar is a type of charcoal produced during pyrolysis, a process where organic
material is heated under low oxygen conditions.Pyrolysis is the most common and widely used
method to produce biochar. The longevity of biochar, a carbon-based porous material, has
proven to provide higher crop yields, improve soil health and retain nutrients in the soil and
preventing their leaching into the groundwater. There are a number of benefits of biochar
that will provide a positive effect in preventing nitrogen and phosphorous components
of fertilizer from leaching.Many raw materials and conversion processes can lay claim
to producing biochar, and the resulting biochars will have different characteristics. The
purpose of this discussion is to formulate a simple scheme for characterizing biochars
before addition to soils.Seven types of biochar were produced from Putus leaves (Lantana
camara),Mango leaves (Mangifera Indica),Jamun leaves (Syzygiumcumini),Litchi leaves
(Litchi chinensis),Eucalyptus/Neelgiri (Eucalyptus globulus),Karanj leaves (Millettia pinata)
and Maize stone (Zea mays) at pyrolysis temperatures of 450°C for one hour with the help
ofMuffle Furnace and sampling was done 3 times for each biochar. Physical and chemical
characteristics of biochar such as pH,,Total N,P,K,CEC and Carbon % in biochar,conversion
efficiency of biochar were determined using a variety of methods. It was indicated thatpH
of Biochar is neutral to alkaline in nature.It’s conversion efficiency ranges from 29.51% to
43.93%. Biochars from Eucalyptus bark has highest conversion efficiency (43.93%) than
others (Maize Stone, Eucalyptus Bark, Litchi, Mango, Jamun, Neem, Lantana &Karanj Leaves).
Biochar contains carbon, ranges from 58.8% to 94.0%. Out of all Biochars (Maize Stone,
Eucalyptus Bark, Litchi, Mango, Jamun, Neem, Lantana &Karanj Leaves). Maize Stone contains
highest carbon% (94.0%) than others.Biochars have very high CEC than soil (8-9). High CEC
value indicates ability to retain cationic fertilizers (K+& NH4+)in the root zone and prevent
nutrient leaching. Out of all Biochars (Maize Stone, Eucalyptus Bark, Litchi, Mango, Jamun,
Neem, Lantana &Karanj Leaves), Eucalyptus Bark biochar has highest CEC (318.30 cmol(P+)
kg-1).
Keyword: Biochar, soil, plant residue
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 158

Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Morpho-physiological

Responses in Groundnut (Arachishypogaea L.) under Rainfed
Condition
Priyanka Kumari1, Shashi Kiran Tirkey1, Ekhlaque Ahmad2, C. S. Mahto1, Savita Ekka3,
Jenny Priya Ekka1 and Swapnil1
1
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
2
Zonal Research Station (Birsa Agricultural University), Chianki, Palamau
3
Department of Plant Pathology, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
Abstract: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important legume and oilseed crop as its
seed contains 44–56% oil and 22–30% protein on a dry seed basis. The present research
work was conducted on 18 genotypes of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) including checks
during kharif, 2018 at the research farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of genotypes under rainfed
condition in the field through morphological and physiological traits. The genotypes were
sown in randomized block design with three replications in field and were statistically
analysed. The analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences among all the
characters under study in rainfed condition suggesting high degree of variability among the
genotypes grown. The GCV and PCV was recorded high for the characters such as kernel yield
per plant, root weight per plot, pod yield per plant and proline content. Moderate GCV and
PCV was observed for pod yield per plot, kernel yield per plot, SLA, SLW and harvest index.
In this experiment, the characters which showed high heritability along with high genetic
advance are kernel yield per plot, pod yield per plot, root weight, shoot weight, specific leaf
area and proline content. Therefore these, traits might be useful in breeding and selection
programme for further improvement of groundnut pod yield in the areas of Jharkhand state.
Keywords: Arachis hypogaea L., variability, genetic advance, heritability, Genetic, phenotypic
coefficient of variation
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 159

Evolving Bio-Intensive IPM Operations for Promoting Cultivation of

Organic Rice in Jharkhand
Rabindra Prasad1, Sudeepa Kumari Jha1, P. K. Singh1, Binay Kumar1 and D. N. Singh2
Department of Entomology, B.A.U. Kanke, Ranchi
Director Research, B.A.U. Kanke, Ranchi
Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop of India including the state of Jharkhand.
Rice is grown in about 18 lakh hectare in the state of Jharkhand. Insect pest fauna are the major
bottle necks in increasing the productivity and production of rice in the state. Till to day, use
of chemical insecticides are the only solution for management of the pest complex inspite of
their several ill effects. Information are lacking in the literature pertaining to the management
of the pest fauna through use of intensive use of biological tools of IPM in general and rice
ecologies in particular. The vision of the Govt of the state of Jharkhand is to convert the whole
state into organic state upto 2028. In order to meet this noble vision and objective, there is
need to explore the effective information resulting from organic production and protection
technologies for rice cultivation which are lacking so far. In order to meet the requirements of
these objectives, the present investigation was undertaken. The bio-intensive IPM cum ICM
experiment was conducted on rice (var. BVS-1), comprising of two sets of raising of crop (rice)
viz. first in BIPM operation, second in improved farmers practices (IFP). In BIPM set of crop
raising, no chemical inputs (either fertilizers, pesticides) were applied. In IFP, the chemical
fertilizers in the form of RDF (i.e. N,P,K @ 80:40:20 kg/ha) and the chemical insecticides (i.e.
trizophos 40EC) were applied for raising the crop. In BIPM operation, all inputs used right
from seed treatment to fertilization with the required quantity of FYM, vermicompost and
karanj cake were made for protecting and raising the crop. NSKE-5per cent were applied as
foliar spray on need based basis at 20, 40, 80 and 105 DAT against the prevailing major insect
pest species. Eggs of Trichogramma japonicum @1.5 lakh/ha at weekly intervals at 25, 35, 50,
60, 80 and 90 DAT were released with the help of attachment of Tricho-cards, with rice plants
randomly in the entire BIPM-field area comprising of 10 sub-plots against YSB and leaf folder.
The experimental results revealed that the intensities of attack of hispa, leaf folder, gall midge
and YSB were found in their varying extents of incidence in case of both IFP and BIPM –plots.
There were non-significant difference in the extent of incidence and abudance of these pest
fauna between BIPM and IFP operations. Little bit higher grains yield of rice (40.85 q/ha)
was obtained in IFP field as compared with that of BIPM-fields (34.63 q/ha). Although little
lesser yields (6.22 q/ha) was obtained in case of BIPM- plants but this gap in the grains yield
obtained through eco-frindly approaches (i.e. BIPM operation) particularly for organic mode
of rice production is quite acceptable and appreciable
Keywords: Rice, aromatic, BIPM, BICM, production, protection and yield
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 160

Bio-ecological Studies of Rice Case Worm (Nymphula depunctalis

Guenee) in the Agro-climatic Condition of Jharkhand
Rabidra Prasad and Sudeepa Kumari Jha
Department of Entomology, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi
Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is grown in 18 lakh hectare in Kharif in Jharkhand state (India).
Among the half of a dozen of insect pest species infesting rice in low land areas, rice case
worm (Nymphula depunctalis Guenee) is one of most devastating pest causing considerable
loss to the crop. Information pertainingto to the bio-ecological aspects on rice case worm is
almost lacking in the literature in India in general and the state of Jharkhand in particular. In
order to explore these desired bio-ecological information on rice case worm, the present field
studies was undertaken for four consecutive years (2015-18) in wet season in the context of
Jharkhand. The results of the study revealed that the pest is of major economic significance
for low land and late transplanting rice ecologies. The years having good or excess quantity
of rains, prolonged rainy days, prolonged drizzling durations coupled with water stagnation
for longer duration in the rice fields were found congenial conditions for faster multiplication,
breeding and development and spread of attack of case worm in the transplanted rice
ecologies. As such, medium and low land rice fields were found to be badly damaged by case
worm particularly in early and late vegetative stages of the crop. The crop having higher dozes
of nitrogenous fertilizer (urea) and low lying rice fields having water currents in general and
in undulating and foot hills upto the prolonged duration were found to be more prone to
attack of higher intensity of case worm. These bio-ecological conditions are instrumental for
severe incidence and abundance of case worm, irrespective rice varieties, wether aromatic,
non-aromatic as well as hybrid or non-hybrid or high yielding rice varieties. In drought years,
rice case worm remained not a pest of major economic concern on wider scales in the state.
Keywords: Nymphula depunctalis Guenee, bio-ecological parameters, pest intensities and
crop loss
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 161

Exploring Fungi as Alternative Food Colorant Source

Arshi Naaj Afsana*, Shiv Shankar Sharma, Harsh, Mansi Mann Priya, Amartya Sagar,
Diksha Kumari and Manish Munda
Dept of Botany, St. Xavier’s College, Ranchi
Abstract: Food colorant are being used to colour our food for many years. Initially, food
colorant was extracted from natural sources like plants and animals. But with the growing
population and increasing disposable income in emerging nations, the global demand of
food colorant has increased, making these natural food colorants inadequate and threat to
sustainability of natural resources. So, synthetic food colorants became more promising to
fulfill the demand due its low price, extended shelf life, stability and easy availability in bulk.
With the growing consumption of synthetic food colorant in human diet poses several health
implications like carcinogenicity, hypersensitivity reactions and behavioural effect. So, there
is a urgent requirement to find a new and better alternative of synthetic food colourant. A
newer, more promising alternative are food colourant from microbes due to their fast growth,
capability to be produced in bulk and having the potential of being standardized commercially.
In this study we have did the same effort to find an alternative to synthetic food colorant by
obtaining pigment from a fungus Aspergillusclavatus.
Keywords: Aspergillusclavatus, Carcinogenicity, Food colorant, Hypersensitivity.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 162

Nutritional Characterization and Diversity Studies of Pigeonpea

germplasm
Bhavana P1*, Choudhary A K2, Santosh K. Bishnoi3, Naik S K1, Reshma S1, Maurya S1,
Choudhary J S1, Guria Kumari4, Rahul Ranjan4 and Nawed Anjum1
1
ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Research Centre, Ranchi, Jharkhand
2
ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar
3
ICAR Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana
4
Vinobha Bhave University, Hazaribagh
Abstract: Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L). Millsp.) is one of major food legume crops with
its centre of origin in eastern India. It is a drought tolerant crop and has a wide range of
adaptation across environments and cropping systems. Pigeonpea is an important source of
dietary protein to the vegetarians. Besides, it also ensures high supply of vitamin B, carotene
and ascorbic acid, which are otherwise deficient in cereals. Since the nutritional quality of
land races was reported higher, characterization of the germplasm of pigeonpea collected
from Eastern India for nutritional parameters was done for identification of promising
genotypes for incorporation in breeding programme. Assessment of genetic diversity for
these biochemical characters and its application for pigeonpea breeding results in enhanced
and sustainable nutritional security. Twenty eight genotypes of pigeonpea were characterized
for various biochemical characters viz., protein content, phosphorus, potassium, iron, copper,
manganese and zinc. The cluster analysis showed that there is significant genetic variability
among tested genotypes which indicates the presence of excellent opportunity to bring
about improvement through hybridizing the selected genotypes present in distant clusters.
The data was further subjected to PCA (principal component analysis) and genotype by trait
biplot analysis. The first four principal components accounted for 79.40% of total variation
indicating wide genetic variability among the genotypes. All the genotypes clustered into two
major clusters with four genotypes IC 611230, IC 614682, SKB 1/89 and IC 611243 in one
cluster and other 24 genotypes in another cluster. Promising genotypes viz., DT, SKB1/89,
NDT-1, IC 614682 can be successfully incorporated in the pigeonpea breeding programme.
Keywords: Principal component analysis, Biplot, Scatter plot, Clustering, Pigeopea, land races
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 163

Insecticides Resistance and Their Management Strategies in Crop

Protection
Sudeepa Kumari Jha, Rabindra Prasad and Priyanka Kumari
Abstract: Judicious and need based use of pesticides is one of most effective components
of crop protection strategies realizing desirable benefit cost ratio. In India the share of
insecticides among pesticides consumption (600 g/ha) is 65 per cent. However, management
of insect pests is a challenging task for farmers because almost all insects develop resistance
against insecticides. The insecticidal resistance may be defined as “ability in a strain of
the insect species to tolerate dose of the toxicant which would prove lethal to individual
in a normal population of the same species”. In the insect population, R (resistance) and S
(susceptible) strains are already present and the insecticides only eliminate the S strain. If
the insecticides are applied for few generations, the bulk of the population is left with only R
strains. The mechanism of insecticidal resistance development may be preadaptive (genetic),
behavioural or physiological. The three alternative strategies viz. moderation (conservation
of susceptible alleles by reducing selection pressure), saturation (suppression of resistance
alleles by maximizing the mortality of R individuals) and multiple attacks (suppression of
resistance alleles by diversifying selection forces and complicating pest) used to delay the
onset of resistance or to manage resistance population are known as insecticide resistance
management (IRM). Under field condition farmer may easily adopt IRM strategies by applying
one or more following practices viz. apply insecticides only insect population crosses
economic threshold level (ETL), leaving some untreated area, judicious use of insecticides,
insecticide rotation, use of synergist, use of mixture or negatively correlated insecticide, use
of hormone or pheromone or use of integrated pest management (IPM). Since farmer are
generally using chemical insecticides injudiciously resulting in to the problem of insecticidal
resistance to the target pest species, hence, it is utmost need to create awareness among the
farming communities not only for need based and judicious application of recommended
insecticides but also to create awareness programme for IRM for successfulness of effective
plant protection operations to meet the objectives of sustainable crop production.
Keywords: Resistance, IRM, IPM and ETL

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 164

Influence of Integrated Nutrient Management on Dry Matter

Accumulation and Crop Growth Rate of Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza
sativa)
Sunita Kumari1, M. S. Yadava2, Ashok Kumar Singh2 and Deeba Hassan2
1
Krishi Vigyan Kendra,Vaishali, Bihar
2
Department of Agronomy, BAU, Ranchi
Abstract: A field experiment on direct seeded rice was conducted during kharif 2017 and
2018 at Rice Reseach Farm, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi to evaluate the effect
of integrated nutrient management in direct seeded rice (Oryza Sativa). The soil was clay
loam in texture , acidic in nature with mean pH 5.97, mean EC 0.30 , low in available N ( mean
value 223.81 kg/ha ), medium in P ( mean value 23.35 kg/ha ) & K ( mean value 169.44
kg/ha ) and low in organic carbon ( mean value 0.39 % ). The experiment comprised ten
treatments viz. control (no fertilizer or manure), 50% RDF, 75% RDF, 100% RDF, 50% RDF
+50% N through FYM, 50% RDF + 50% N through vermi compost, 75% RDF +25% N through
FYM, 75% RDF+25% N through vermi compost, 100% RDF +25% N through FYM and 100%
RDF +25% N through vermi compost were laid out in randomized block design with three
replications. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD) . Pooled data
of two years experimentation indicated that the application of various integrated nutrient
management practices significantly increased dry matter accumulation on 30 DAS ,60 DAS,
90 DAS and at maturity as well as its crop growth rate of rice at different stages. Among all
treatments, application of 100 % RDF + 25% N through VC resulted in higher dry matter
accumulation on 30 DAT (159.5 g/m 2) , 60 DAT (394.1 g/m2) ,90 DAT (916.4 g/m 2) and
at maturity (1200.5 g/m 2 ) which was superior to rest of the treatments. The highest crop
growth rate during 30-60 DAS, 60-90 DAS and 90 DAS –Maturity was recorded with 100%
RDF + 25% N through VC and minimum with control treatment . Two year study indicates
that the application of 100% RDF + 25% N through VC was the best for higher crop growth
rate and yield from rice.
Keywords: Crop growth rate, Dry matter accumulation, Integrated nutrient management,
yield
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 165

Management of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Malformations

Occurrence
Varsha Rani1, Shashi Kant, Jitendra Kumar, Shradha and Anjali Kumari
1
Department of Crop Physiology, Birsa AgriculturalUniversity, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract: Mango holds a place of Pre–eminence amongst major tropical fruit crops
after Citrus and Banana India being major exporter of Mango in the world a huge foreign
exchange.india ranks first in world in terms of mango growing area and production.inspite
of largest area the productivity of mango is very low due to several diseases such as sooty
mould, necrosis,die back , malformation etc, effect mango based trade. Mango serves as row
material for many agro based industries confectionery,jam and processing industries.This
order was first reported from Darbhanga district in Bihar in 1891 by Marris And since then
it has distributed all over India as well as other mango growing countries of the world.This
malady appears on two forms viz.vegetative And floral.diveese portable etiologies have been
claimed for there disease such as Virus.physiological,fungal, nutritional etc.due to paucity of
information no proper control measures is known till date.But it’s Etiology resembles with
that of stress ethylene such as.littile curl leaf oriented towards the trunk, shortened rachis,
black clustered inflorescence, with more no. of male flowers as compared to female flower
The hermaphrodite flowers have abnormal morphology which is unsuitable for fruit set .
Keywords: Mango malformation, etiology, tropical fruit crop, black cluster inflorescence,
shortened rachis, hermaphrodite flowers.
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 166

Off-Season Production of Tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum): A

Promise Towards Income Rise for Farmers
Reshu Bharadwaj1, Divya Goretti Herenj, Suchitra Tete, Namita Dahanga, Akancha
Lakra, Mary Pratibha Toppo and Richa Kujur
1
Banaras Hindu University
Abstract: Tomatoes during rainy season have low production in open field; thus, supply is
low, consequently, the price is high.Partial control of the microclimatic conditions can be
achieved in low cost poly-houses with detachable roof during summer season. One means
of alleviating climatically induced stress is through modifications of microclimate which
include any artificially introduced changes in the composition, behaviour or dynamics of the
atmosphere near the ground so as to improve the environment in which crops grow.
The fruit yield inside the greenhouse was nearly two times more than in the open field
condition. Detachable roof Poly-house has been found to be a good alternative to have minor
alterations under microclimatic conditions for achieving almost double yield of tomato
compared to open field.
Keywords: alternative, double yield, polyhouse, tomato
Management of Brown Spot in Rice: Steps Taken towards

Minimising the Losses in Rice Production Using Non-Chemical
Means
H C Lal1, Vaishali Melgandi, Amit Bodra, Neha Laxmi Birua, Anuj Indwar, Manish
Kerketta and Anup Bhengra
St Xavier’s College, Ranchi
1
Department of Pathology, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi
Abstract: Rice (oryzasativa) is the staple food of Eastern India.Every year a huge amount of
rice yield is lost due to many diseases,brown spot of rice being a major disease responsible
for this loss.Brow spot in rice causes about 45% crop loss in severe cases. Various chemical
means are available for its control but they maybe cause health problems in humans and
contamination of underground sources of water. In this assertion we discuss about the
causes and symptoms of this diseaseand the condition that favour the disease.Some cultural
measures have been found to be very effective in controlling the menace. The non chemical
means of controlling brown spot in rice have also been discussed.
Keywords: Brown spot contamination, disease control, non chemical means
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 167

Effect of Weather Parameters on Incidence and Abundance of Gall

Midge (O. oryzae) in Resistant Rice (var Suraksha) Grown in Ranchi,
Jharkhand
Alka Kumari and Rabindra Prasad
Department of Agril. Entomology, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi
Abstract: The present experiment aimed to monitor the incidence and abundance of rice
gall midge in terms of percentage of silver shoot (SS%) caused by gall midge. Silver shoot
percent count was made at weekly interval starting from 14th days after sowing. Monitoring
of incidence and abundance of gall midge in terms of hills and tillers infestation with the pest
(gall midge) were conducted periodically (i.e. at 7 days interval) during kharif 2017 in fixed
plot monitoring operation of the pest (O. oryzae) at Rice Research Farm of Birsa Agricultural
University, RAC (Ranchi Agriculture College) Kanke, Ranchi. The result revealed that incidence
started from 33 SMW (standard meteorological week) i.e. 13th Aug.-19th Aug., 2017 with very
low level of incidence in terms of percentage of silver shoot, SS (0.5%). The pest incidence
attained its peak (3.75%SS) with hill (plant) infestation in 39 SMW (i.e.24th Sep-30th Sep)
and then the pest incidence began to decline from 2.37% SS in 40th SMW (i.e. 1st Oct- 7th
Oct.) to the minimum level of 0.3% SS in 43th SMW (i.e. 22nd Oct.- 28th Oct.). Silver shoot
per cent (SS%) was significantly and positively correlated with temperature at 5 % level of
significance with maximum temperature (r= 0.518* ) and at 1% level of significance with
minimum temperature (r= 0.635**). A significantly negative relationship at 1 % level was
found between SS(%) and sunshine hrs (r= -0.506 **). Other correlation coefficients between
SS (%) with the weather variable viz RH %, wind speed, rainfall, no. of rainy days were found
to be non -significant at 5% level of significance. The environmental climate factors together
able to explain the variation in SS% to the extent of 66.56% and coefficient of determination
(R2) found to be significant i.e. 0.6656. So, by adjusting the date of sowing of rice crop, the
incidence of rice gall midge can be avoided the peak incidence period of the insects and can
increase the crop production.
Keywords: Rice, Orseolia oryzae, Climate factors, Incidence
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 168

Interaction of Arsenate with Growth, Divalent Metal Accumulation,

Photosynthesis and Nramp Gene Expression in Seedlings of
Contrasting Genotypes of Bioenergy Crop Ricinus Communis
Rajani Singh1, A. N. Misra2 and Pallavi Sharma1*
1
Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand
2
Khallikote University, Berhampur, Odisha
Abstract: Interaction of arsenate [As(V)] with growth, divalent metal accumulation, NRAMP
gene expression and photosynthesis was studies in seedlings of arsenate tolerant (WM) and
sensitive (GCH2) genotypes of Ricinus communis (castor). WM and GCH2 showed differential
growth in response to 100 and 200 µM As(V) toxicity. Biomass of GCH2 was significantly
reduced whereas it remained unaffected in WM. Treatment of 200 µM As(V) led to around
two times more accumulation of As in leaves and significant reduction in concentration of
Zn and Mn in leaves and roots of GCH2 compared to WM genotypes. Photosynthetic rate was
reduced significantly in GCH2 genotype, whereas it increased significantly in WM genotype in
response to As(V) treatments. NRAMP genes associated with transport of essential divalent
metal cations and photosynthesis exhibited significant decrease in expression of GCH
2 in response to 200 µM As(V) treatment compared to WM genotype. Overall, our results
suggest that higher sensitivity of GCH2 to 200 µM As(V) toxicity in comparison to WM may
be due to significant increase in As accumulation and decrease in Mn and Zn accumulation,
photosynthetic rate and expression of NRAMP genes.
Keywords: Arsenic, Photosynthesis, Ricinus communis, NRAMP
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 169

A Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Bio-Pesticides and

Chemical Insecticides to Control Banana Pest Odoiporus longicollis
in Bihar
Niwas Dubey Azad1* and Vinod Kumar Singh2
1
P.G. Dept. of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh-Gaya, Bihar
2
P.G. Department of Zoology, Gaya College, Gaya, Bihar
Abstract: In course of investigations on the bionomics of banana pests in Bihar during 2015-
16, an attempt has been taken to control the infestations of banana pest Odoiporus longicollis
the serious pest of banana (Musa paradisiaca) with the help of insecticides and also bio-
pesticide of plant origin. In course of experiment BPMC, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Phorate,
Quinaphos, Endosulfan, Malathion, Monocrotophos, Quinalphos and Carbyl were used as soil
application and as for foliar spray as measures of control of banana pest, Odoiporus longicollis.
The study indicates that all the said insecticides used as soil application controls 60.08% of
the pest (Odoiporus longicollis) and foliar application controls 64.5% . Further attempts have
been taken to test the relative impact of Neem leaf powder, Neem cake and Neem seed, the
biopesticides of plant origin as measure to control the infestation of banana pest, Odoiporus
longicollis by application of Neem (Azadirachta indica) products in based rhizome pit of
infested banana along with cow dung. Surprisingly it controls 62.35% of the pest infestation.
Thus to reduce chemical pesticides in banana cultivation the application of Neem products
have been found effective in controlling the incidence of pest infestation of banana to a desired
extent without any side effects.
Keywords: Banana pest, Insecticides, Bio-pesticides, Neem, Cow dung
ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 170

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BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

3rd World Clean Environment

Venue: St. Xavier’s College, Ranchi, Jharkhand

19-20-21 August 2019

Copyright: International Benevolent Research Foundation, Kolkata

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Right to Clean Air to Breathe – and the Air Quality of Kolkata

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Study on Physico-Chemical Properties of Groundwater for the

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 12

Phytoeconomics: An Approach In Phytoremediation With Economic

Abstract: Phytoeconomics is a concept where phytoremediation is applied with an approach

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 13

Acidocella Strain GS19h Harbours Multiple Plasmids and Showed

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 14

Medicinal Plants as a Potential Source of Biopesticides for a

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 15

Environmental Audit of University Campus: A Case Study of Vinoba

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 16

A Review on Fluoride Free Clean Environment through

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 17

Replacement of Plastic Bags by Paper Glass in Development of

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 18

Indian Government’s Effort in Sanitation and Waste Management

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 19

Improving Indoor Air Quality by Using House Plants

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 20

Mitigation of Agricultural Greenhouse Gas: An Approach towards

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 21

Biomedical Waste Management, AIIMS, Delhi

Department of Botany, St.Xavier’s College, Ranchi

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 22

Plastic Eating Fungi

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 23

Improving Waste management Scenario in ULBs of Santhal Pargana

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 24

Waste Material to Best Construction Material

Keywords: Cabin building, container architecture, green building, indoor environmental

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 25

Urbanisation, Cleanliness Versus Diversification in Arambhda Reef

Synthesis and Structural Studies of Cd(II) Complexes with

Abstract: The complexes of Cd(II) with benzothiomorpholide of composition CdI2L2 and

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 26

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 27

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 28

Global Waste to Energy Potential: Promising Approach to Produce

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 29

Corporate Initiatives and Strategies towards Green Economic

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 30

Environmental Crisis: A Philosophical Analysis

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 31

Agroforestry: An Instrument to Attain Sustainable Development

ISBN: 978-81-937346-6-7 Page| 32