TD SS ROE 3 so acammacaaee — Chapter 05~ Ney nalog Transmission : Defination:- Analog _ transmission refers to thd transmission °F — analog__ signals using _@ band pass _channe!. Basel and digital or analog signal __ are converted to a complex analog { 9 Signal with @ yvange of frequencies t suitable for the channel. ca) ee Define carvier_signal_and_its oF ole _in__ analog transmission In analog _tvaMSmission , the sending device produce a _ high bee eS we ow | Frequency signal thet acts a a base for the information Signal: The base signal is calleol__the a oh ue carrie’ signal OY carver Foninl cy + t st is __ constant Frequency signal> | Tre _canier Frequency is _choose so that it __is compatible with the transmission medium. >| The receiving device must _be turned into the frequency of this carrier __ signal. => | This type of modkfication is modulation or _ fit keying The resultant signal__is called a modulated Signal. Digital to Analog Conversion: + When dato. From one _compuley is sent to anothey via some analog carrier, jt is fivst converted _ into analog signals. Analog signals , ave modified to___veflect__ digital data. The process of — changing of the chavacteristic of g: analog SPLLILCPLIIFIVIGAIIIAGGon OATS ———— br 7 Signal base on the ifformation in digital deta is called — digital to analog conversion. it is also 4 | 1 | called modulation of a dligital Signals - Carrier Si nal:- | {i Carviery signal (or cartier wave) | is an__altemating _ electromagneti signal with oa steady frequency | upor which information is + superimposed by some form _ of a ; modulation - ; The speci frequency at which , the carrier signal uns is calle the cartier frequency and _is ’ measured in __ hertz (Hz). : Why do we need a carrier a We need the carrier waves 4 of high frequency for distant b{Mon as [ved ra Cs Sar) commu nication. because high frequenc: carrier waves travel with the peed of light and do not yequire a material medium to $ propagate - So, such type of waves ave not __obstwucted by the earth’s ‘atmosphere - Thig kind of — medulation is also called modulation (Shift keyin Three kinds “of digital to analog conversion:- Amplitude shift Key Frequency shift key Phase shift key kh Ldolalala aaaaalaan ed Be Amplitude Shift key:- mS Timpltude CTE toying is a technique in _which carrier signal is a analog data to _be modulated is digital he amph'tudld of analog carrier _ signal _isfon (ve [Wed Thu LF ISat} : : ne Se ad modified to — reflect binary data. The binary signal when modulated gives a xevo value, when the binary data Yepresend ‘0’ while give the carrier output when data is ‘2 The frequency and eT phase oF carviey signal remain T constant. 4 oe eT input binary sequence Frequency gh ift keying: In this — medulotion —Fho Frequency of anaha carrier signals is modified to reflect bioavy alata. The output of a freq wency shift keying modulated! wave _is high _in frequency for binavy high input and is ake low in Frequency af a binary low(Sion tuo fod TH Fr Sat input. Te amplitude and phase i of the carvier signal Yemain i constant - | | la Aad oT it Phase S hift keying - | Th this modulation ,_ though the phase of the analog carrier signal is modified bo vefleck binary dato. The amplitucle and Frequency of the carsier Signal remain Constant: rrv@e7raar4 Categories of Phase Shift nd Binary se Shi eying: BPSk also known as phase P : T reversal keying ov _2PSk_ is the Simplest form _ of Phase shift Aplale Keying . The phase of carrier wave v T is___ changed according to the two iia ef Ahcara binary inputs. In binary _ shift. keying, difference of 180 phase _ shift is used between __ binary 1 and binary 0. uadrature Phase Shift keying:- This technique js used 10 increase the __bit vale. For exam le we can code two _ bits _into_one single element, _it_uses four phase +o encode ‘two bits _per symbol. QPSK uses _ phase shifts Y f of multiple of 90 degree. It has double dato. vale _cattying compare to BPSK as two capacity bits are roo.pped on each elher constellation points.