A Glimpse into Multiphysic-Analyses

using
CST STUDIO SUITE™
Accounting for thermal heating effects and mechanical
deformation in the electrical design

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The Motivation …

EM-field computation Stress analysis /

deformation

Thermal
analysis

EM-properties of deformed geometry

can be fed into sensitivity analysis
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CST MPHYSICS STUDIOTM

 Thermal Simulation
 Mechanical Stress Simulation

Courtesy of Spinner GmbH, Germany

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 Online Demo

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Example : 2-Post Bandpass Filter

Rel Bandwidth:0.9 %

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 1) EM (FD tet)

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 1D Results > |S| dB
Tchebychev Filter Corresponding coupling coefficients in MHz / (rel):
=================== -------------------------------------------
k_E = 11,14 (0,0195413)
Order =2 k1_2 = 11,69 (0,0205021)
Bandwidth = 5 MHz k_out = 11,14 (0,0195413)
Center Frequency = 570 MHz
Passband ripple = 0,01 dB (1,100747 VSWR) Group Delay Time
Return loss = -26,3828 dB ----------------
t_d1 = 57,153 ns
Normed g values: t_d2 = 51,922 ns
------------------------------------------- t_d3 = 0, ns
g1 = 0,4489
g2 = 0,4078
g3 = 1,1008

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Power Loss Dens. > loss (f=0.575)

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Power Loss Dens. > loss (f=0.575)

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 Current Density (f=0.575)

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 Export the Thermal losses

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 2) Thermal Solver
Import the losses from EM FD

5000

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 Thermal boundaries
Thermal boundaries Thermal volume losses as source

Temperature Heat flow

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 3) Mechanical Solver
M x B x K x F

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http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/young-modulus-d_417.html

σ=ε.E
1 GPa = 1kN/mm2

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 Displacements > displacement1
Define a displacement eg at a face (xyz) directly at the WG-Port

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Import a field source (from therm),

and activate it

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2D/3D Results > Displacement
Temperature change as source Mech. Displacements

Von Mises Stress Deformed Mesh

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 4) Sensitivity ( Introduction)

Matrix to solve: K E Q

[K]: symmetric, complex, contains geometry, material, frequency

zi Example: Linear Shape functions for a 2D element in xy
ai aj ak
1
N 1, x, y . bi bj bk ; aijk x j yk y j xk ; bijk yj yk ; cijk xk xj
2
ci cj ck

x k, y k zi Example: electrostatic
z [ Ni , N j , N k ] z j Nm Nn Nm Nn
xi , yi k m,n ( x y )dxdy; m, n i, j , k
zk x x x x
xj, yj xy

[E]: unkowns z
[Q]: Sources
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 Introduction to Sensitivity

S-Parameters: 3D Fieldsolution

1
S ( , p) E T ( , p) K T ( , p) E ( , p)
j 0

[K] …left hand side, E (Fields at ports, p… any parameter

Sensitivity of S-parameter vs. parameter change:

S T K Direct analytical derivation of

j 0 E E
p p K-matrix elements via e.g. [N]

Same 3D Fieldsolution
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Introduction to Sensitivity

Numerical calculation of gradients is expensive and unstable

Here: Sensitivity of S-parameter vs. parameter change

S K
j 0 ET E
p p

no additional 3D solution required (only another S-Parameter computation)

Very efficient computation of sensitivities
Result: S-parameter ranges for tolerant parameters
Currently available for FD-Tet solver

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 Introduction to Sensitivity
What is it good for?
The sensitivity helps estimate „new“ S-parameters due to the (small) change
of the parameter, at no extra cost
Suppose the parameter p changes by a quantity ∆p :

S
S(x p) S ( x) . p
p p

exact computation of the Sensitivity

(Approximated by 1st order Taylor expansion)
The various sensitivities are used in an optimizer to solve for ∆p as variables to
best fit the S-parameter goals.
S ∆p … face constraints
S nm S nm ( 3 D MWS ) . p
p p
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What is the Yield Analysis

For every product, there are: Gaussian

Technical specifications
Fabrication tolerances

Uniform
The fabrication tolerances will lead to some
products not fulfilling the specifications
# Passed
Yield: yield
# Total

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Typical Approach vs. CST Approach

How is yield calculated typically?

Parameters vary according to a known probability curve
Repeat
Change the value of all parameters
Simulate
Check if specification (in our case for S-params.) is met
Until the number of simulations is statistically relevant
This is a large number of EM simulations - typicaly hundreds or thousands!!!

Knowing the sensitivity, there is no need to perform 3D simulations, at least if

the parameters vary in a small range.
The efficiency of this new sensitivity analysis approach makes Monte-Carlo
based yield analysis feasible even for complex multi-parametrical three-
dimensional structures

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4) Sensitivity (based on mech. Displacements)

Import the displacements

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 4) Sensitivity
Setup Sensitivity Analysis

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 4) Sensitivity
Display S-parameter Sensitivity

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 Summary

Integrated workflow with

CST MPHYSICS STUDIO™
Thermal

Ease-of-use: New solvers within

well known frontend

Accuracy of integrated solution and Structural

EM
solver technology Mechanics

Wide application range due to tight

integration within CST STUDIO SUITE™
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Thank you for your attention!

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