FREQUENTLY ASKED AND DIRECT QUESTIONS –CHECK LIST

ELECTROSTATICS
1.Define the following and give the unit. electric field, electric potential at a point, electric line of
force, electric flux’. quantisation of charge, capacitance. Equipotential surface
2.Derive an expression for electric field at a point on the axial line of a dipole. Derive an
expression for electric field at a point on the equatorial of a dipole.
3. A dipole placed in a uniform electric field experiences no net force, but a torque. Why?
Derive an expression for torque also derive its potential energy.
4.Derive an expression for the electric field at a point due to long line of charge, uniformly
charged plane sheet of charge, a uniformly charged spherical shell using Gauss’s law.
5.Derive expressions for potential due to a point charge and potential due to a dipole.
electrical
6.Potential energy of a system of two-point charges
7.Derive an expression for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor. Formula for energy stored
in a parallel plate capacitor. Effective capacitance in series and parallel.
8. A conducting slab of thickness t is introduced with out touching the plates of a parallel plate
capacitor, separated by a distance d (td)...Derive expression for the capacitance.
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
1. Define resistivity of a conductor, write its S.I. unit. Explain the variation of resistance with
temperature in a) metallic conductor b) semiconductor (c) Insulator. 3
2. Derive the expression for the resistivity of a conductor in terms of number density of free
electrons and relaxation time. Drift velocity, mobility and current density.
3. What is meant by internal resistance of a cell? Derive the relation between emf and terminal
voltage of a cell. Cells in series and parallel.
4.State Kirchoff’s law, Wheatstones bridge& numericals
5. EMF and internal resistance when cells are in series and parallel.
MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT
1. State Biot- savart’s law. Derive an expression for magnetic field at a point on the axis of a
circular coil, at the centre of a current carrying circular coil, indicate its direction.
2. State Amperes circuital law. Using it derive an expression for magnetic field along the axis of
a solenoid and magnetic field due to a straight wire.
3. Force on a moving charge and current carrying conductor in external field. Derive an
expression for force between two long conductors carrying current and hence define ampere.
4. Magnetic dipole moment of a current loop.
4. Explain the principle, construction and working of a moving coil galvanometer.(Torque on
current loop). Explain current sensitivity and voltage sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer.
5. Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter &voltmeter.
MAGNETISM
1. Distinguish between Para, dia and Ferro magnetic substances. 3
2. Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular
to its axis and
3. Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field;
4., susceptibility, intensity of magnetisation
6. Effect of temperature on magnetic properties. - Curies law
ELECTOMAGNETIC INDUCTION and AC
1. State Faradays law
2. Prove that Lens’s law is in accordance with law of conservation of energy.
3. Define self inductance of a solenoid. Derive an expression for self-inductance of a solenoid.
Also energy stored in an inductor
4. AC circuits containing only resistor, capacitor and inductor. . Draw the graphs showing variation
of inductive reactance and capacitive reactance with frequency of applied a.c. source.
5. Derive expressions for Z, phase angle  of LCR circuit from phasor
6. Explain resonance in LCR series circuit and Power factor, wattless current
7. With the help of neat diagrams explain the construction and working of ac generator and a
transformer.
EM WAVES
1. Name the constituent radiation of electromagnetic spectrum which
(i) is similar to the radiation emitted during decay of radioactive nuclei?(ii) has its wavelength
range between 390nm and 770nm.(iii) is used in satellite communication(iv) is used for studying
crystal structure(v) is absorbed from sunlight by the ozone layer and
(vi) Produces intense heating effect.
2. Characteristics of a em waves. Graphical representation of em waves.
4.Modified ampere’s law and. Displacement current
8. Em spectrum.
RAYOPTICS
1.Explain the phenomenon total internal reflection. State the conditions for it to take place.
Derive the relation between the critical angle and the refractive index of the medium. What are
the applications.
2. Draw ray diagram to show how a right-angled isosceles prism can be used to (i) deviate ray
through 180 and (ii) to invert it.
3. Derive lens maker’s formula & lens formula & mirror formula
4. Draw the ray diagram of a compound microscope. Derive an expression for its magnification
on what factors resolving power of a compound microscope depends?
5. Draw the ray diagram of an astronomical telescope. Derive an expression for its
magnification and advantages of reflecting type over refracting type .Resolving power.
6.Derive prism formula
WAVE OPTICS
1. How is a wave front different from a ray? Draw the geometrical shape of the wave fronts when
(i) light diverges from a point source, and (ii) light emerges out of a convex lens when a point
source is placed at its focus, emerges out of a prism and light reflected at convex mirror.
2.. . Explain the laws of refraction and reflection using Huygen’s principle.
3 What are coherent sources? In Young’s double slit experiment, deduce the conditions for (i)
constructive, and (ii) destructive interference at a point on the screen and hence derive fringe
width. Draw a graph showing variation of the resultant intensity in the interference pattern
against position ‘x’ on the screen. Fringe width.
4. What is the effect on the interference fringes in a Young’s experiment due to each of the
following changes? Why? i) Separation between two slits is increased.ii) Monochromatic source
is replaced by a source of white light
5. Explain diffraction at a single slit. In a single slit diffraction experiment if the width of the slit
were doubled, what would happen to the size and intensity of central maximum?
6.Interference and diffraction pattern
.
DUAL NATURE
1. What is photoelectric effect? Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation and use it to explain (i)
independence of maximum energy of emitted photoelectrons from intensity of incident light, (ii)
existence of threshold frequency for emission of photoelectrons & the graphs..
2. Describe Davison and Germer experiment to establish the wave nature of electrons.

3.Debroglie wavelength. Derivation of

ATOMS &NUCLEI
1. Draw a graph showing the variation of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a
function of their separation. Indicate the regions in which nuclear force is (i) attractive,
and (ii) repulsive.
2. Draw a graph showing the variation of binding energy per nucleon with mass
number for different nuclei. Explain, with the help of this graph, the release of
energy by the process of nuclear fusion and fission.
(b) Write two characteristic features of nuclear force which distinguish it from the
Coulomb force
3. Graph between variation of number of alpha particles and scattered angle.- Geiger and
Marsden experiment.
4. Bohrs postulates
5. Distance of closest approach and impact parameter. 6.Rydberg’s formula 7.Hydrogen
spectrum
SOLIDS AND SEMICONDUCTORS
1. What is an intrinsic semiconductor? How can this material be converted into (i) P-type (ii) N-
type extrinsic semiconductor? Explain with the help of energy band diagrams.
2. Distinguish between conductors, n-type and p-type semiconductors on the basis of energy band
diagrams.
3. Explain the formation of depletion layer and barrier potential in a p- n junction diode.
4. Explain with the help of a circuit diagram, its use as a full wave rectifier/half wave rectifier.
Draw the input and the corresponding output waveforms.
5. Diffusion and drift current
6. Explain briefly, with the help of circuit diagram, how V—I characteristics of a p-n
junction diode are obtained in (i) forward bias, and (ii) reverse bias. Draw the graph.
Numericals
1.A galvanometer of resistance 15 gives full-scale deflection for a current of 2mA. Calculate
the high resistance required to convert it in to a voltmeter of range 0-5A.
2.Two capacitor of capacitances 2F and 6 F are connected in series. What is the effective
capacitance? 2
3..A wire of resistance 10 ohm is stretched to three times its original length. Assuming that there
is no change in the density of the wire, what is its new resistance?
4.Calculate the potential difference across the 4Ω resistor in the given electrical circuit, using
Kirchhoff ’s rules.

5.In an ideal transformer number of turns in the primary and secondary are 200 and 1000
respectively. If the power input to the primary is 10kW at 200V, calculate (i) output voltage and
(ii) current in the primary.
6. In Young’s double slit experiment, two slits are separated by 3mm distance and illuminated by
light of wavelength 480nm.The screen is at 2m from the plane of the slits. Calculate the
separation between the 8th bright fringe and the 3rd dark fringe observed with respect to the
central bright fringe.
7.Calculate the energy released in the following reaction in MeV:
6 1 4
3Li +0n 2He +1H3
(Given:
mass of 3Li6 = 6.015126u, mass of 0n1 = 1.008665u
mass of 2He4 = 4.002604u mass of 1H3 = 3.016049)
8.Two lenses of powers –15D and +5D are in contact with each other forming a combination
lens. (a) What is the focal length of the combination?
9. An object of size 4 cm is placed at 20cm from this combination of lenses. Calculate the
position and size of the image formed.
10.Calculate the binding energy per nucleon of 17Cl35 3
Given [m (17Cl35) = 34.980000u; m (proton) =1.007825u; m (neutron) =1.008665u]
11.For a converging lens R1=R2=24cm and refractive index 1.6.(i)calculate its focal length in air
and (ii) if the lens is split vertically into two identical parts, What is the focal length of each part?
12. The electron, in a hydrogen atom, initially in a state of quantum number n1 makes a
transition to a state whose excitation energy, with respect to the ground state, is 10.2 eV. If
the wavelength, associated with the photon emitted in this transition, is 487.5 mm, find the
(i) energy in ev, and (ii) value of the quantum number, n1 of the electron in its initial state.
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15. The space between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is completely filled in two ways. In
the first case, it is filled with a slab of dielectric constant K. In the second case, it is filled with
two slabs of equal thickness and dielectric constants K1 and K2 respectively as shown in the
figure. The capacitance of the capacitor is same in the two cases. Obtain the relationship between
K, K1 and K2.

16.. The work function for a certain metal is 4.2 eV. Will this metal give photoelectric emission
for incident radiation of wavelength 330 nm?