MS JUNIOR COLLEGE SAQ’s (4 Marks)
Hyderabad Ray Optics
Important Questions for Final Exam - (2022-23)
PHYSICS - II YEAR
LAQ’s ( 8 Marks)
Waves
1. Explain the formation of stationery waves in
stretched strings and hence deduce the laws of
transverse waves in stretched strings.
2. Explain the formation of stationery waves in an air
column enclosed in open pipe. Derive the equations
for the frequencies of the harmonics produced.
3. How are stationery waves formed in closed pipes?
explain the various modes of vibrations and obtain
relations for their frequencies?
4. What is Doppler effect ? Obtain an expression for
the apparent frequency of sound heard when the
source is in motion with respect to an observer at
rest.
5. What is doppler shift ? Obtain an expression for
the apparent frequency of sound heard when the
observer is in motion with respect to a source at
rest?
Current Electricity
6. State Kirchhoff’s law for an electrical net work. using
these laws deduce the condition for balance in a
wheatstone bridge.
7. State the working principle of potentiometer explain
with the help of a circuit diagram how the emf of
two primary cells are compared by using the
potentiometer.
8. State the working principle of potentiometer explain
with the help of a circuit diagram how the
potentiometer is used to determine the internal
resistance of the given primary cell.
Nuclei
9. Define mass defect and binding energy. How does
binding energy per nucleon vary with mass number?
What is its significance?
10. What is radioactivity? State the law of radioactive
decay. Show that radioactive decay is exponential
in nature.
11. Explain the principle and working of a nuclear
reactor with the help of a labeled diagram.
1. Define focal length of a concave mirror. Prove that
the radius of curvature of concave mirror is double
its focal length?
2. Define critical angle. Explain total internal reflection
using a neat diagram?
3. Explain the formation of mirage?
4. Explain the formation of a rainbow?
5. Why does the setting sun appear red?
6. With a neat labelled daigram explain the formation
of image in a simple microscope?
7. A light ray passes through a prism of angle A in a
position of minimum deviation Obtain an expression
for (a) the angle of incident in terms of the angle of
the prism and the angle of minimum deviation
(b) The angle of refraction in terms of the refracrive
index of the prism ?
Wave Optics
8. Explain Doppler effect in light. Distinguish between
red shift and blue shift.
9. Does the principle of conservation of energy hold
for interference and differaction phenomenon?
Explain briefly.
10. How do you determine the resolving power of your
eye?
11. Derive the expression for the intensity at a point
where interference of light occurs. Arrive at the
conditions for maximum and zero intensity.
12. Discuss the intensity of transmitted light when a
polaroid sheet is rotated between two crossed
polaroids.
Electric charges and Fields
13. State and explain Coulomb’s inverse squarelaw in
electricity.
14. Define intensity of electric field at a point. Derive an
expression for the intensity due to a point charge.
15. Derive the equation for the couple acting on a electric
dipole in a uniform electric field.
16. Derive an expression for the electric intensity of the electric
field at a point on the axial line of an electric dipole.
17. Derive an expression for the electric intensity of the
electric field at a point on the equatorial plane of an
electric dipole.
18. State Gauss’s law in Electrostatics and explain its
importance?
Electric Potential and Capacitance
19. Derive an expression for the electric potential due
to a point charge.
20. Derive an expression for the potential energy of an
electric dipole placed in a uniform electric field.
21. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a
parallel plate capacitor.
22. Explain series and parallel combination of
capacitors. Derive the formula for equivalent
capacitance in each combination.
23. Derive an expression for the energy stored in a
capacitor. What is the energy stored when the
space between the plates is filled with a dielectric
(a) With charging battery disconnected?
(b) With charging battery connected in the circuit?
Current electricity
24. Derive an expression for the effective resistance
when three resistors are connected in (i) Series
(ii) parallel.
Moving charges and Magnetism:
25. State and explain Biot - Savart law.
26. State and explain Ampere’s law.
27. Find the magnetic induction due to a long current
carrying conductor.
28. Derive an expression for the magnetic induction at
the center of a current carrying circular coil using
Biot - Savart law.
29. Derive an expression for the magnetic dipole
moment of a revolving electron.
30. What are the basic componenets of a cyclotron?
mention its uses.
Magnatism and Matter
31. Derive an expression for the axial feild of a solenoid
of radius ‘r’, containing ‘n’ turns per unit length
and carrying current ‘i’.
32. Compare the properties of para, Dia and
Ferromagnetic substances.
33. Expalin the elements of Earth’s magnetic field and
draw a sketch showing the relationship between
the vertical component, horizontal componenet and
angle of dip.
Atoms
34. Derive an expression for potential and Kinetic
energy of an electron in any orbit of a hydrogen
atom according to Bohr’s atomic model. How does
P.E. change with increasing ‘n’
35. What are the limitations of Bohr’s theory of
hydrogen atom?
36. Explain the different types of spectral series.
37. Write a short note on Debroglie’s explaination of
Bohr’s second postulate of quantization.
Electromagnetic Induction
38. Obtain an expression for the emf induced across a
conductor which is moved in a uniform magnetic
field which is perpendicular to the plane of motion.
39. Describe the ways in which Eddy currents are used
to advantage.
Alternating Current
40. State the principle on which a transformer works.
Describe the working of a transformer with
necessary theory.
Semi-Conductors Electronics
41. What are n-type and p-type semiconductors? How
is a semiconductor junction formed?
42. Discuss the behavior of a p-n junction. How does a
potential barrier develop at the junction?
43. Describe how a semiconductor diode is used as a
half wave rectifier?
44. What is rectification? Explain the working of a full
wave rectifier?
45. Define NAND and NOR gates. Give their truth
tables.
VSAQ’s (2 Marks)
Ray Optics and Optical instruments
1. Define focal length and radius of curvature of a
concave lens.
2. What do you understand by the terms ‘Focus’ and
‘principal’ focus’ in the context of lenses?
3. What is optical density and how is it different from
mass density?
4. What are the laws of reflection through curved
mirrors?
5. Define ‘power’ of a convex lens. what is its unit?
6. A concave mirror of focal length 10 cm is placed at
a distance 35 cm from a wall. how far from the wall
should an object be placed so that its real image is
formed on the wall?
7. A concave mirror produces an image of a long
vertical pin. placed 40 cm from the mirror,
8. A small angled prism of 40 deviates a ray through
2.480. Find the refractive index of the prism.
9. What is ‘dispersion’? which colour gets relatively
more dispersed?
10. The focal length of a concave lens is 30 cm. where
should an object be placed so that its image is
1/10 of its size?
11. What is myopia? How can it be corrected?
12. What is hypermetropia? How can it be corrected?
Electric charges and fields
13. What is meant by the statement that ‘charge is
quantized’ ?
14. Repulsion is the sure test of charging than
attraction. why?
15. How many electrons constitute 1C of charge?
16. What happens to the weight of a body when it is
charged positively?
17. What happens to the force between two charges
if the distance between them is a) halved, b)
Doubled?
18. The electric lines of force do not intersect. why?
19. Consider two charges +q and -q placed at B and
C of an equilateral triangle ABC. For this system,
the total charges is zero. But the electric
field(intensity) at A which is equidistant from B and
C is not zero. why?
20. Electrostatic field lines of force do not form closed
loops. If they form closed loops then the work done
in moving a charge along a closed path will not be
zero. From the above statements can you guess
the nature of electrostatic force?
21. State Guass’s law in electrostatics.
22. When will be the electric flux negative and when is
it positive?
Wave Optics
23. What is Fresnel distance ?
24. Give the justification for validity of ray optics?
25. What is polarisation of light?
26. What is Malus law?
27. Explain Brewster’s law.
28. When does a monochromatic beam of light incident
on a reflective surface get completely transmitted?
Electric potential and capacitance
29. Can there be electric potential at a point with zero
electric intensity ? Give an example
30. Can there be electric intensity at a point with zero
electric potential ? give an example.
31. What are meant by Equipotential surfaces?
32. Why is the electric field always at right angles to
the equipotential surface? Explain
33. Three Capacitors of capacitance 1 F, 2F, & 3 F
are connected in parallel.
a) What is the ratio of charges?
b) What is the ratio of potential differences?
34. Three Capacitors of capacitances 1 F, 2F, 3 F
are connected in series.
a) What is the ratio of charges?
b) What is the ratio of potential differences?
35. What happens to the capacitance of a parallel plate
capacitor, If area of its plates is doubled?
36. The dielectric strength of air is 3 x 106 Vm-1 at certain
pressure. A parallel plate capacitor with air in
between the plates has a plate separation of
1 cm. Can you charge the capacitor to 3 x 106 V?
Dual Nature and Radiation Matter
37. What are “cathode rays”?
38. What importent fact did millikan’s experiment
establish?
39. What is “work function”?
40. What is “photoelectric effect”?
41. Give examples of “photosensitive substances”.
why are they called so?
42. Write down Einstein’s photoelectric equation.
43. Write down the De - Broglie’s relation and explain
the terms there in.
44. State Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle.
Magnetism and Matter
45. A magnetic dipole placed in a magnetism field
experiance a net force. what can you say about
the nature of the magnetism field?
46. What happens to the compass needles at the
Earths poles
47. What do you understand by the magnetization of
a sample?
48. What is the magnetic moment associated with a
solenoid?
49. What are the units of magnetic moment, magnetic
induction and magnetic field?
50. Magnetic lines form continous closed loops. why?
51. Define magnetic declination.
52. Define magnetic inclination or angle of dip.
Moving charges and magnetism
53. A circular coil of radius ‘r’ having N turns carries a
current ‘i”. what is its magnetic moment?
54. What is the force on a conductor of length ‘l’ carrying
a current ‘i’ placed in a magnetic field of induction
B? when does it become maximum?
55. Distinguish between ammeter and voltmeter.
56. How do you convert a moving coil galvonometer
into an ammeter?
57. How do you convert a moving coil galvonometer
into a voltmeter?
Current Electricity
58. Why is manganin, used for making standard
resistors?
59. The sequence of bonds marked on a carbon
resistor are : Red, Red, Red, silver. what is the
resistance and tolerance?
60. Write the color code of a carbon resistor of
resistances 23 kilo ohms.
61. Why are household appliances connected in
parallel?
Electromagnetic Induction
62. Define magnetic flux.
63. State Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction.
64. State Lenz’s law.
65. What are Eddy currents?
66. Define “inductance’.
67. What do you understand by ‘self inductance’.
Alternating Current
68. A transformer converts 200 V ac into 2000 V ac.
Calculate the number of turns in the secondary if
the primary has 10 turns.
69. What type of transformer is used in a 6V bed lamp?
70. What is the phenomenon involved in the working
of a transformer?
71. What is transformer ratio?
72. Write the expression for the reactance of
i) an inductor and ii) a capacitor
73. What is the phase difference between Ac emf and
current in the following :
Pure resistor, pure inductor and pure capacitor.
74. Define power factor. On whcih factors does power
factor depend?
75. What is meant by wattless component of current?
76. When does a LCR series circuit have minimum
impedance?
77. What is the phase difference between voltage and
current when the power factor in LCR series circuit
is unity.
Electromagnetic Waves
78. What is the average wavelengthof X-rays?
79. Give any one use of infrared rays.
80. If the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is
doubled, what happens to the energy of photon?
81. W hat is the principle of production of
electromagnetic waves?
82. What is the ratio of speed of infrared rays and
ultraviolet rays in vacuum?
83. What is the relation between the amplitudes of the
electric and magnetic fields in free space for an
electromagnetic wave?
84. What are applications of microwaves?
85. Microwaves are used in radars. Why?
86. Give two uses of infrared rays.
Semi conductor Electronics
87. What is an n-type semiconductor? What are the
majority and minority charge carriers in it?
88. What are intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors?
89. What is a p-type semiconductor? What are the
majority charge carriers in it?
90. What is a p-n junction diode? Define depletion
layer.
91. How is a battery connected to a junction diode in
1) forward and 2) reverse bias?
92. What is the maximum percentage of rectification
in half wave and full wave rectifiers?
93. What is zener voltage (Vz) and how will zener diode
be connected in circuits generally?
94. Write the expressions for efficiency of a full wave
rectifier and a half wave rectifier.
95. What happens to the width of the depletion layer in
a p-n junction diode when it is 1) forward biased
and 2) reverse biased?
96. Draw the circuit symbols for p-n-p and n-p-n
transistor?
97. Define amplifier and amplification factor.
98. In which bias can a zener diode can be used as
voltage regulator?
99. Which gates are called universal gates?
100. Write the truth table of NAND gate. How does it
differ from AND gate.
Communication Systems
101. What are the basic blocks of a communication
system.
102. What is “World wide web” (WWW)?
103. Mention the frequency range of speech signals.
104. What is sky wave propagation?
105. Mention the various parts of the ionosphere?
106. Define modulation. Why is it necessary?
107. Mention the basic method of modulation.
108. Which type of communication is employed in
mobile phones?
PROBLEMS:
Waves
1. A steel wire 0.72m long has amass of 5.0 x 10-3
kg. If the wire under a tension of 60N. What is the
speed of transverse wave on the wire.
2. A pipe, 30.0 cm long, is open at both ends. Which
harmonic mode of the pipe resonates a 1.1 kHz
source? Will resonance with the same source be
observed if one end of the pipe is closed? take the
speed of sound in air as 330 ms-1.
3. Two sitar strings A and B plyaing the note ‘Dha’ are
slightly out of tune and produce beats of frequency
5 Hz. The tension of the string B is slightly
increased and the beat frequency is found to
decrease to 3 Hz. What is the original frequency of
B if the frequency of A is 427 Hz?
4. A train sounds its whistle as it approaches and crosses
a level - crossing. An observer at the crossing measure
a frequency of 219 Hz as the train approaches and a
frequency of 184 Hz as it leaves. If the speed of sound
is taken to be 340 m/s, find the speed of train and the
frequency of its whistle.

Current Electricity
5. Three resistors each of resistance 10 hm are
connected, in turn, to obtain (i) minimum resitance
(ii) maximum resistance. Compute (a) The effective
resistance in each case (b) The ratio of minimum
to maximum resistance so obtained.
6. Three identical resistors are connected in parallel
and total resistance of the circuit is R/3. Find the
value of each resistance.
7. A 10 thick wire is stretched so that its length
becomes three times. Assuming that there is no
charge in its density on stretching , calculates the
resistance of the stretched wire.
8. A wire of resistance 4R is bent in the form of circle.
What is the effective resistance between the ends
of the diameter?
9. What is the color code for a resistor of resistance
350m with 5% tolerance?
10. A battery of emf 10V and internal resistance 3 is
connected to a resistor. If the current in the circuit is 0.5
A, what is the resistance of the resistor? What is the
terminal voltage of the battery when the circuit is closed?
11. At room temperature (270, 00C), the resistance of a
heating element is 100. Whatis the temperature
of the element if the resistance is found to be 117,
given that the temperature coefficient of the
material of the resistor is 1.70 x 10-1 0C-1.

Nuclei
12. Compare the radii of the nuclei of mass number 27
and 64.
13. How much energy is required to separate the typical
middle mass nucleus 12050Sn into its constituent
nucleons? (Mass of 12050Sn = 119.902199u, mass of
proton = 1.007825u and mass of neutron =
1.008665u).
14. The half-life of radium is 1600 years. How much
time does 1g of radium take to reduce to 0.125g?
15. A certain substance decays to 1/232 of its initial
activity in 25 days. Calculate its half life?
16. One gram of radium is reduced by 2 milligram in 5
years by -decay. Calculate the half-life of radium.

*********