A

Progress Report

On

TRANSPORTATION BUDDY
Submitted

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for The Degree of

Bachelor of

Technology In

Computer Science and

Engineering Submitted by

Harshita Singh (2000540100069)

Krishna Gupta (2000540100087)

Kalash Mishra (2000540100078)

Prakhar Shukla (2000540100112)

Under the supervision of

Ms. Madhulika Sharma

Assistant Professor

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

November, 2023
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “Transportation Buddy” submitted by

“Harshita Singh (2000540100069), Kalash Mishra (2000540100078), Krishna Gupta

(2000540100087), Prakhar Shukla (2000540100112)” to Babu Banarasi Das Institute of

Technology & Management, Lucknow, in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of B. Tech in Computer Science and Engineering is a bonafide record of project work

carried out by him/her under my/our supervision. The contents of this report, in full or

in parts, have not been submitted to any other Institution or University for the award of

any degree.

Ms. Madhulika Sharma Dr. Anurag Tiwari

Assistant Professor Head of the Department

Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Dept. of Computer Science and

Engineering

Date:

Place:

II
 DECLARATION

We declare that this project report titled Transportation Buddy submitted in partial fulfillment
of the degree of B. Tech in Computer Science and Engineering is a record of original work
carried out by us under the supervision of Ms. Madhulika Sharma, and has not formed the
basis for the award of any other degree or diploma, in this or any other Institution or University.
In keeping with the ethical practice in reporting scientific information, due acknowledgements
have been made wherever the findings of others have been cited.

Date:

Signature:

Harshita Singh (2000540100069)

Krishna Gupta (2000540100087)

Kalash Mishra (2000540100078)

Prakhar Shukla (2000540100112)

III
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B. Tech Project undertaken
during B. Tech. Final Year. We owe special debt of gratitude to Ms. Madhulika
Sharma (Assistant Professor) and Dr. Anurag Tiwari (Head, Department of Computer
Science and Engineering) Babu Banarasi Das Institute of Technology and Management,
Lucknow for their constant support and guidance throughout the course of our work. Their
sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for us.
It is only their cognizant efforts that our endeavors have seen light of the day. We also do
not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty members of
the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the development of our
project. Last but not the least, we acknowledge our family and friends for their contribution
in the completion of the project.

IV
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DESCRIPTION PAGE NUMBER

TITLE PAGE I
CERTIFICATE/S (SUPERVISOR) II
DECLARATION III
ACKNOWLEDGMENT IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS V
LIST OF TABLE VII
LIST OF FIGURES VIII
ABBREVIATIONS/ NOTATIONS/ NOMENCLATURE IX
ABSTRACT X

1. CHAPTER 1 1
1.1 Introduction 1

2. CHAPTER 2 5
2.1 Literature Review 5
2.2 Coperative study 10

3. CHAPTER 3 16
3.1 Proposed Methodology 16

4. CHAPTER 4 19
4.1 Result and Discussion 19
4.1.2 Result 19
4.1.3 D i s c u s s i o n 20

5. CHAPTER 5 21
5.1 Conclusion and Future work 21
5.1.2 Conclusion 21
5.1.3 Future Work 22

REFERENCES 25
PLAGIARISM REPORT
REVIEW PAPER & CERTIFICATE

V
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No Table Caption Page No

2.2 Comparative study of Research Papers 12-14

VII
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Figure Caption Page No.

1.1 Agile Development Model 4

4.2.1 Methadology of Trnasportation System 19

VIII
 ABBREVIATIONS/ NOTATIONS/ NOMENCLATURE

Utmost care should be taken by the project student while using technical abbreviations,
notations and nomenclature.

The abbreviations should be listed in alphabetical order as shown below.

AFM Atomic Force Microscopy

BBB Blood Brain Barrier

CNT Carbon Nanotube

The meaning of special symbols and notations used in the report should be explained.

|x| - absolute value of x

μ - mean

logn(x) - logarithm (x) to the base n

Chemical nomenclature

NH4+ - ammonium

CH4 - methane

OH- - hydroxide

SO42- - sulphate

Biological nomenclature

Soneratia apetalla - saline tolerant species

Oryza sativa - common rice

IX
 ABSTRACT

The transportation industry plays a crucial role in global commerce and daily life, necessitating
efficient and effective management systems to optimize operations. This abstract presents an
overview of an innovative Transportation Management System (TMS) designed to streamline and
enhance transportation operations. The system leverages advanced technologies, data analytics, and
real-time monitoring to optimize route planning, resource allocation, and cost management. Through
integration with various transportation modes and stakeholders, this TMS aims to reduce operational
complexities, enhance transparency, and improve overall transportation efficiency, ultimately
contributing to sustainable and reliable transportation services. The research and development of this
system represent a significant step towards the modernization of transportation management,
supporting a more sustainable and interconnected world.

X
 CHAPTER - 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION
" Transportation is the intentional movement of humans, animals, and goods from one location
to another. The website typically offers a range of vehicles including cars, trucks, buses, and
other modes of transportation. Users can access the website and choose a vehicle that meets
their needs, based on factors such as size, capacity, and Features.

Any company, Businesses, vendors, any individual always need transport for sending and
receiving materials, goods and other products which suits for their requirements. It is a
challenging task to find a transport company which has transport vehicles to provide cost
effective, reliable and on time delivery of their items. Transportation Buddy is a web
application that met all these requirements. Both passengers and goods transports are available.
The increasing importance of innovation is one of the strongest guarantors for survival in
today's fastchanging knowledge-driven economy Hidalgo, 2008.

A progression can persuade the adoption of innovation of variables, such as the requirement
for expanded operational productivity, the longing to develop market reach and benefit further,
and the need to oversee gambles ) Daniel, 2002. A transportation management system (TMS)
refers to the system that facilitates the transportation interaction, a subpart of the store network.
It manages to observe, coordinate, make due, and deal with any matter connected with the
transportation of items, right from submitting the request until the last conveyance.

TMS enables a better transactional and communication system to allow users to leverage vast
real-time data, make easier decisions, and plan & strategize for optimal transportation solutions
alliedmarketresearch.com, 2021(. Nakhon Pathom, town, western Thailand, lies on the deltaic
plain of the Chao Phraya River, an area to support the expansion of economic activities from
Bangkok. A prosperous commercial center, Nakhon Pathom, is located 29 miles (47 km) west
of Bangkok and has major road and rail connections )The Editors of Encyclopaedia
Britannica,2022.

1
The contribution of service sector to the growing Indian economy is about 59%. One of the
major constituent of the service sector is freight transport and is dominated by the truck
segment that in turn is dominated by the disorganized sector with 77% of the truckers owning
less than 5 trucks.

The disorganized nature is one of the prominent causes for poor transport service as well as
management of the resources. It is a concern that this issue is poorly addressed and is
assignable to poor or inappropriate measurement of performance. In the era of global
competition, any system, whether it is operations or distribution or any other, performance
measurement is desirable. Measuring performance serves several purposes. The measures of
performance, indicates the current status and also assists to compare the individual
performance against the competitors. The gap identification can serve several purposes such as
to develop appropriate strategy, and to fill the gap in case the competitors have superior
performance.

Transportation is a critical aspect of supply chain management that requires efficient planning
and execution. With the growing popularity of e-commerce, the sustainability of freight
transport has become a significant challenge . This research paper aims to explore the various
strategies and technologies that can be employed in goods transportation management systems
to address the environmental impacts and traffic congestion caused by delivery vehicles.
Introduction The transportation of goods is a crucial aspect of supply chain management that
involves the movement of products from their point of origin to their intended destination. In
recent years, the surge in e-commerce and consumer behavior trends have contributed to a rise
in freight transportation worldwide. Given the increasing public awareness on global warming
and its impact on the environment, there has been a growing interest in green and sustainable
supply chain management, particularly in the transportation sector.

A well-structured and efficient Goods Transportation Management System (GTMS) is the

backbone of modern logistics, ensuring seamless movement of goods from one point to another
across diverse geographical locations. This system employs a combination of technology,
logistics expertise, and strategic planning to optimize the transportation process.

2
GTMS is a comprehensive framework that encompasses various aspects such as route
planning, vehicle allocation, shipment tracking, inventory management, and regulatory
compliance. By leveraging advanced technologies like GPS tracking, RFID, and sophisticated
software solutions, GTMS enables real-time monitoring of shipments, thereby enhancing
visibility and control over the entire supply chain.

The primary objectives of a GTMS are to minimize transit times, reduce transportation costs,
maximize vehicle capacity utilization, and ensure timely delivery of goods. It streamlines
operations by automating workflows, enabling effective resource allocation, and providing
data-driven insights for decision-making.

Furthermore, GTMS plays a pivotal role in enhancing customer satisfaction through accurate
delivery predictions, improved order accuracy, and responsive communication channels.

In essence, a robust Goods Transportation Management System serves as a crucial enabler for
businesses seeking operational efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and reliability in managing their
supply chain logistics. Its integration fosters agility, transparency, and ultimately contributes to
the overall success of an organization in the competitive marketplace.

3
 Fig:1.1:
Agile
Development Model

CHAPTER - 2

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

Dr.B.Vittaldasa Prabhu, et.al, (2023) The contribution of service sector to the growing
Indian economy is about 59%. One of the major constituents of the service sector is freight
transport and is dominated by the truck segment that in turn is dominated by the
4
disorganized sector with 77% of the truckers owning less than 5 trucks. The disorganized
nature is one of the prominent causes for poor transport service as well as management of the
resources. It is a concern that this issue is poorly addressed and is assignable to poor or
inappropriate measurement of performance.In the era of global competition, any system,
whether it is operations or distribution or any other, performance measurement is desirable.
Measuring performance serves several purposes. The measures of performance, indicates the
current status and also assists to compare the individual performance against the competitors.
The gap identification can serve several purposes such as to develop appropriate strategy,
and to fill the gap in case the competitors have superior performance.[1]

Mahachai Sattayathamrongthian, et.al, (2022) In this paper, transportation management

system (TMS) refers to the system that facilitates the transportation interaction, a subpart of
the store network. It manages to observe, coordinate, make due, and deal with any matter
connected with the transportation of items, right from submitting the request until the last
conveyance. TMS enables a better transactional and communication system to allow users to
leverage vast real-time data, make easier decisions, and plan & strategize for optimal
transportation solutions )alliedmarketresearch.com, 2021.Nakhon Pathom, town, western
Thailand, lies on the deltaic plain of the Chao Phraya River, an area to support the expansion
of economic activities from Bangkok. A prosperous commercial centre, Nakhon Pathom, is
located 29 miles )47 km ( west of Bangkok and has major road and rail connections )The
Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica,2022Nakhon Pathom Province is an important
economic center of the country. The gross provincial product (GPP) value at the 2018 price
equals 349,066 million baht, an increase from 2017 worth 329,508 million baht, equal to this
research aims to invenstigate a Business Transportation System Technology.[2]

Dr.John C.Taylor, et.al, (2022) Levitt (1960) first described classic marketing myopia,
and Porter (1984) identified substitutes as a force to be considered in developing
organizational strategies, but both focused on the sales side of a product market rather than
the factor markets. For clarity, a product market refers to a place where goods and services
are bought and sold. A factor market refers to the employment of factors of production, such
as labor or talent, capital, and land. The cola wars are a good example of

5
what Levitt and Porter identified on the sales market side.[3]

Fatemeh Seidiaghilabadi, Zahra Seidiaghilabadi, et.al, (2021) In this study we review

and analyze the available literature, looking for an answer to the question of "RQ: how to
make the supply chain more competitive?". Therefore, to reach the aim of the study, in the
next section, an overview of the SCI literature will be given. Then we explain research
methodology and present result of preliminary analyses. Content analysis by MAXQDA
2018 was applied. Finally, we reflect findings, and highlight some possible future research
perspectives. Researchers shows that ‘innovation’ is the skill of producing economic values
from new ideas that represent progress in the economic development of organizations.
Innovation is a significant factor in generating success and competitive advantages within
organizations while at the same time, it has also brought significant challenges for
organizations (Gao, Xu, Ruan, & Lu, 2017; Schumpeter, 1934; Wu & Tsai, 2018).[5]

Michiel de Bok, et.al, (2020) In this research paper, reducing emissions caused by urban
freight transportation is an increasingly important policy objective for transportation
planners around the world. New and innovative ways of data collection provide new
possibilities to analyze these issues. In this paper we present MASS-GT, a new multi-agent
simulation system for urban goods transport. The empirical basis is provided by an
exceptionally large dataset of truck trip travel diaries for The Netherlands that was collected
from transportation management systems using an automated data collection interface. The
dataset is very dense and includes information on vehicles, routes, and shipments carried.
The strategic part of the model simulates the formation of individual shipments based on
logistic processes at a strategic level, such as sourcing, distribution channel choice and
shipment size choice.[4]

Jacques Leonardi, et.al, (2020) The objective of this study is to better understand why
selected urban freight solutions represent innovations that are technically feasible,
economically profitable in different contexts, sustainable, transferable, and with tangible
beneficial impacts. A total of 15 solutions are evaluated in the fields of Urban Consolidation
Centre, clean and electric vehicles, IT solutions, use of urban waterways, and others. Three
solutions are analysed more thoroughly, the Cityporto Padova, the Basel Exhibition Centre

6
logistics support system, and the Berlin laboratory area test of the Bentobox. This paper ends
with a transversal analysis of the solutions observed, and with methodological conclusions.
A number of studies have been published on methodologies and technologies for improving
freight transport efficiency and the resulting environmental impacts (BESTUFS 2007,
Browne, Allen, Nemoto, Patier and Visser, 2012).[11]

Henrick Palson, et.al, (2019) This paper is based on a synthesis report (Pålsson et al.,
2013) from a Swedish 4-year research project (LETS Goods 2050) that ended in 2013. The
concept behind the project was that it is both technologically possible and economically
feasible to achieve a low-carbon society by 2050. The research questions focused on the
interaction between the development of goods transportation, logistics and CO2 emissions.
The research was conducted in an interdisciplinary group consisting of nine researchers from
packaging logistics, technical logistics, economic geography and traffic planning, and
headed by Associate Professor Henrik Pålsson. The thoughts and ideas on which the content
of the report is based were inspired by and commented on by many people during the
research project. We would therefore like to thank everyone who participated in our
workshops and seminars and other researchers in
the LETS programme.[6]

George J. Dimitrakopoulos, et.al, (2018) In the world of transportation, the ceaseless

evolution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is reflected on their
migration towards In-Vehicle-Infotainment (IVI) systems, which are characterized by
innovative applications and services. Such systems aim to support drivers/passengers with a
varying set of functions, enhancing the quality of driving through entertainment. The goal of
this study is to introduce a novel IVI cognitive functionality that automatically and
dynamically proposes the optimal music genre to the drivers/users when they want to make a
certain journey with their owned (or shared) vehicles. The proposed recommender
functionality utilizes in an automated manner (i) drivers/users’ profile data and current

7
situation, (ii) drivers/users’ personal preferences, (iii) external environment information
obtained from sensor measurements, and (iv) previous knowledge and experience. Knowledge
is obtained through the exploitation of Bayesian networking principles in combination with a
practical implementation of the Naive-Bayes model. Indicative simulation results showcase the
efficiency of the proposed infotainment functionality, in terms of accuracy and speed of
convergence, in proactively identifying the optimal music genre and accordingly notifying the
drivers/users.

Juan Francisco Núñez & Luis Antonio de Santa-Eulalia, et.al, (2018) With the trends of e-
commerce and globalization occurring in the economy, an effective global supply chain (GSC)
management has become a business necessity for a multinational corporation seeking to secure
market share. Although there has been much discussion on how a company gains competitive
advantages through GSC management, the physical distribution of order fulfilment is less
discussed in the literature. Global third-party logistics (3PL) has developed into an alternative
for the needs of global distribution. In this paper, the authors present a new application of
collaboration in GSC execution, namely collaborative transportation management (CTM),
which can be used to reduce delivery time and improve delivery reliability. A case study is
illustrated: The application of CTM by a 3PL provider in a notebook computer GSC. The
implementation results show that the delivery cycle time and the total cost are simultaneously
reduced.

M V Kolesnikov, et.al, (2018) The presented comparative characteristic of the values of the
indicators of the Logistics Efficiency Index illustrates the problems of the transport and
logistics complex of Russia. Consideration of the effectiveness of the transport and logistics
complex from various perspectives (financial, production) made it possible to justify the need
to formalize the relations (coordination of conflicting interests) of the participants in the
logistics process, to ensure the internal integrity and security of the functioning of the transport
and logistics complex.

The solution to these issues was proposed by creating a special cyberphysical system using
multi-agent systems, Internet of things, blockchain, and Big Data, Data Mining intelligent

technologies. The presentation of the transport and logistics complex as a cyber-physical

8
system made it possible to consider it in the following aspects: - as an interaction of agents
based on multi-agent systems (information interaction is organized on the principles of
blockchain and the Internet of things).

Li Zhu and Fei Richard Yu, et.al, (2017) Intelligent transportation systems will produce a
large amount of data. The produced big data will have profound impacts on the design and
application of intelligent transportation systems, which makes ITS safer, more efficient, and
profitable. Studying big data analytics in ITS is a flourishing field. This paper first reviews the
history and characteristics of big data and intelligent transportation systems. The framework of
conducting big data analytics in ITS is discussed next, where the data source and collection
methods, data analytics methods and platforms, and big data analytics application categories
are summarized. Several case studies of big data analytics applications in intelligent
transportation systems, including road traffic accidents analysis, road traffic flow prediction,
public transportation service plan, personal travel route plan, rail transportation management
and control, and assets maintenance are introduced. Finally, this paper discusses some open
challenges of using big data analytics in ITS.

Samiha Mustabin Jaigirdar, et.al, (2017) The growing concern of leading a healthy and
balanced lifestyle has instigated the rise of the global consumption of fresh fruits and
vegetables. However, the overall supply chain, particularly the product delivery system, is
significantly hampered due to uncertain circumstances, such as a pandemic, natural disaster,
and political strikes. Thus, better strategical decisions such as improved and optimised
distribution planning have to be made to reduce this wastage and spoilage and ensure.

9
 CHAPTER - 3

3.1 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

A robust goods transportation management system (GTMS) is essential for efficient logistical
operations. The methodology for establishing such a system involves several key steps:
Requirement Analysis: Understanding the specific needs of the transportation process,
including the types of goods, volume, destinations, and time sensitivity.
Technology Evaluation: Assessing available technologies like GPS tracking, route
optimization software, and inventory management systems to identify the most suitable tools
for the GTMS.
System Design: Creating a comprehensive plan that integrates chosen technologies,
considering factors like scalability, ease of integration with existing systems, and user-
friendliness.
Implementation Strategy: Breaking down the system design into manageable phases for
implementation, ensuring minimal disruption to ongoing operations.
Testing and Quality Assurance: Rigorous testing of the GTMS to identify and address any
flaws or inefficiencies before full-scale deployment.
Training and Adoption: Providing adequate training to personnel involved in using and
maintaining the GTMS, encouraging its effective utilization across the
organization.Continuous Improvement: Implementing feedback mechanisms and regular
assessments to continually refine and enhance the system's performance.
A comprehensive methodology for goods transportation management involves several key
steps. Firstly, it begins with an in-depth analysis of transportation needs, considering factors
such as volume, distance, time sensitivity, and specific goods requirements. Following this, a
robust logistics plan is devised, encompassing route optimization, carrier selection, and mode
of transport (road, rail, sea, air) based on cost-efficiency and reliability.

Integration of technology plays a pivotal role, utilizing transportation management systems

(TMS) and GPS tracking for real-time monitoring, inventory control, and performance
evaluation. Efficient documentation and compliance with regulations are also vital

16
components.

Continuous evaluation and adaptation form the final phase, where data analytics and feedback
mechanisms help identify bottlenecks, enhance processes, and maintain high standards of
service. Collaboration with stakeholders, including carriers and clients, ensures seamless
operations and customer satisfaction, resulting in an agile and responsive goods transportation
system.

17
 Figure:Methadology of Trnasportation System

The proposed methodology for a goods transportation management system involves several
key steps. Firstly, an in-depth analysis of current transportation operations and logistics
processes is conducted to identify inefficiencies and areas for improvement. This includes
assessing transportation routes, modes of shipment, inventory management, and technology
utilization.

Next, integration of advanced technology such as GPS tracking, inventory software, and route
optimization algorithms is implemented to streamline operations. This enables real-time
monitoring of shipments, enhances scheduling accuracy, and reduces transit times and costs.

Furthermore, a robust communication framework is established among stakeholders, including

suppliers, carriers, and customers, to ensure transparency and efficient coordination. Regular
performance evaluations and continuous improvement strategies are integral to refine and
optimize the transportation system over time.

Lastly, employee training programs are conducted to familiarize teams with the new system,
fostering a culture of adaptability and innovation. This comprehensive methodology aims to
enhance overall efficiency, reduce transportation costs, and improve customer satisfaction
within the goods transportation management system.

18
 CHAPTER – 4

4.1 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1.2 RESULT

The manual transport booking system can create a number of problems for businesses and
individuals alike. Some common issues with this system include:
Manual transport booking requires a lot of paperwork and manual data entry, which can be
time-consuming and prone to errors. Manual transport booking often requires users to
physically visit or call a booking office,which can be inconvenient and limit access for users
who are unable to do so. The manual transport making it difficult for users to track their
shipments or plan accordingly.Inefficient Communication: The manual transport booking
system may rely on phone calls to communicate important information, which can lead to
miscommunication and delays.Manual transport booking may not be able to handle a large
volume of bookings or complex logistics, which can be a problem for businesses with high
transportation needs. Higher Costs: Manual transport booking may be more expensive due to
the costs associated with manual labour, paper-based processes, and other inefficiencies.
Overall, the manual transport booking system can be inefficient and frustrating for both
businesses and individuals, and it may not be able to keep up with the demands of a rapidly
changing transportation industry. Switching to an online or automated transport booking
system can help to alleviate these problems and provide a more streamlined and convenient
experience for users.

The website will usually have a user-friendly interface and provide clear and detailed
information about the vehicles available for booking. Users can select the dates and times they
need the vehicle, as well as the pickup and drop-off locations. The booking process is typically
streamlined and straightforward, and the website will often provide real-time availability
information. Once the booking is confirmed, users can access their reservation information and
make any necessary changes or cancellations online.

19
 The big attraction of the portal is that every vehicle has installed tracking devices and the
customer as well portal admin can monitor the vehicles carrying goods or personnel via the
portal.
4.1.3 DISCUSSION
The result of this process was some notes considered as initial data. Concepts were extracted
from these initial data. In the first stage, 970 initial codes (e.g., increased market share and
operational performance of supply chain innovation, formulation of strategic objectives,
human capital and skilled force in technical projects, interdependence among companies)
were extracted. After removing and adjusting the initial codes, 34 principal codes were
obtained (seeble 3 and Figure 3). When concepts created, it is necessary to group them under
categories having higher explanatory power. When a category is identified, clarification of its
features and dimensions requires careful attention. Therefore, at this stage, the constant
comparative analysis was employed to find similarities and differences between the concepts
and similar con- cepts were placed in a category. Table 3 introduces categories related to the
concepts. After specifying the categories, the axial coding step begins. The axis coding is the
process of connecting categories at the level of features and dimensions. It is called "axial"
because the researcher attempts to make a connection among categories. As Corbin & Strauss
(2008) observed, categories that have a logical connection with each other are all subsumed
under the central construct. i.e., supply chain innovation.

20
 CHAPTER - 5

5.1 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

5.1.2 CONCLUSION:

The goal of Transportation Buddy website is to provide a convenient and efficient platform for
users to book vehicles for their transportation needs. By offering a wide range of vehicles and
flexible booking options, the website can meet the needs of a diverse range of users, from
individual travelers to large organizations.
A new method for hand gesture recognition is introduced in this project. The hand region is
detected from the background by the background subtraction method. Then, the fingers are
segmented. On the basis of the segmentation, the fingers in the image are discovered and
recognized. The recognition of hand gestures is accomplished by a simple rule classifier. The
performance of our method is evaluated on a data set of a few hand images. The experimental
results show that our approach performs well and is fit for real-time applications. Moreover,
the proposed method outperforms the state-of-art FEMD on an image collection of hand
gestures.
A hand gesture-based recognition algorithm is proposed to control the quizzes. In the near
future, there will be more use of technology as compared to now. The use of Augmented
reality and Headsets will be more common for gaming, entertainment and education purposes
as the Metaverse is gaining popularity these days. The system is more user interactive. The
quizzes can be of many types and can be used in different subjects. It is useful for students who
want to learn new things like children in Play-school and Kindergarten. The system can be
made more interactive.
The goal of Transportation Buddy website is to provide a convenient and efficient
platform for users to book vehicles for their transportation needs. By offering a wide
range of vehicles and flexible booking options, the website can meet the needs of a
diverse range of users, from individual travelers to large organizations.

21
A new method for hand gesture recognition is introduced in this project. The hand region is
detected from the background by the background subtraction method. Then, the fingers are
segmented. On the basis of the segmentation, the fingers in the image are discovered and

recognized. The recognition of hand gestures is accomplished by a simple rule classifier.

The performance of our method is evaluated on a data set of a few hand images. The
experimental results show that our approach performs well and is fit for real-time applications.
Moreover, the proposed method outperforms the state-of-art FEMD on an image collection of
hand gestures.

A hand gesture-based recognition algorithm is proposed to control the quizzes. In the near
future, there will be more use of technology as compared to now. The use of Augmented
reality and Headsets will be more common for gaming, entertainment and education purposes
as the Metaverse is gaining popularity these days. The system is more user interactive. The
quizzes can be of many types and can be used in different subjects. It is useful for students who
want to learn new things like children in Play-school and Kindergarten. The system can be
made more interactive.

5.1.3 FUTURE WORK:

In the years that led up to 2019, the twin rise of e-commerce and consumer expectations began
placing unprecedented strain on global transportation networks and logistics
providers.1 Manufacturers and retailers responded by pushing their existing systems—a wide-
ranging global network of tightly coordinated just-in-time production and fulfillment
operations—even harder. When the pandemic hit in early 2020, demand shifted precipitously,
just as production began pausing unpredictably everywhere from Dubai to Shenzhen.
Simultaneously, moving goods through ports and on planes became significantly more
complicated. The result: disastrous bottlenecks and price spikes that underlined the fragility of
our overstretched supply chains and accelerated the urgency of rethinking leading practices for
how we move goods.

22
Onshoring and nearshoring to redraw the transportation map:
Our research shows increased interest in moving manufacturing closer to the end consumer to
mitigate disruption risk and the inflationary impact on the cost of goods. Even if this happens
at half the rate our survey respondents expect, it will represent radical change, creating new
opportunities for established leaders and openings for new competitors to enter the market.

Well-curated data is the great differentiator:

Companies with advanced, unified digital strategies are currently at a significant advantage, as
an industry that still suffers from data fragmentation rushes to close the gap. Nearly half (48%)
of survey respondents expect data to improve visibility into assets and goods in the next three
years. Over the same time horizon, many say data will help improve customer relationship
management (44%) and workforce optimization (35%). The ascent of data and analytics could
pave the way for new competition from digital-native startups and hyperscalers to set their
sights on transportation as a source of profits.

New competitive dynamics abound:

As the industry reconstitutes itself, cloud services providers, megaretailers, vehicle
manufacturers, and tech startups are pursuing the transportation industry and its profit streams.
As their interest and expertise grow, they are positioned to usurp territory and customers from
legacy logistics companies while prompting new models of collaboration.

Restructuring will align core capabilities to a changing environment:

Transportation leaders recognize they need to change to meet this moment. Most survey
respondents are in the process of reshuffling their structure and operations—60% are
outsourcing noncore capabilities, and a similar share (59%) are actively seeking acquisitions to
expand their capabilities. These trends are not mutually exclusive: Companies that are
outsourcing are also building or acquiring new core capabilities.

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New vehicles and new insights mean new competition:
The coming wave of next-generation vehicles harnessing electric power, autonomous
technology, and IoT data will not only alter the capabilities, efficiency, and sustainability of the
transportation system, but will also potentially precipitate a power shakeup. Among our survey
respondents, 60% believe it is inevitable that truck manufacturers will seek to become fleet
managers as technology advances and lines of supply are redrawn.

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