VOUCHING

HSIJ0Sio (Voucher)

olJTGLsDOTLJLb, sJå65moTJLD GLDTSL. süNGDS JTWUY5

JDUQb.

(Keceipts), gSi LDDJLIIT (Counterfoil of a Receipt), auasBui) JSsTD

GlsN`gLD B (Pay-in-slip), ÜuBs`IG0T (Agreements), al'
BLoJ4 aDG` GiysaT (Minutes of the Meeting), G/T6iT LPS6Ü gs
(Purchase Invoice), îoDjoy g5) BsGG0T (Sales Bill), GL oiT Jss

VIIJ`S4it NN%5du (Kinds of Vouchers)

BlonasTJ`SL 0 (Primary Voucher),
2. g/0G BlsnaN sTJ``LG
(Collateral Voucher). psißoa STg`E Q GTGT LIGI GTSÜ'I
yaNIHSi e sioTGDLDÜ LIT AGD (Original of the Evidence). 2g7J G3T

P0 TTLISI 2GioT GDLDLI LIgulct bG6) (Copy ofthe Original Document)

GÚ. GL 5 G5T0Y (Letter Correspondence), Gnl'L BL QJL) 0)5¢
GÜyssir (Minutes of the Meeting), gÜU0SIS6T (Contracts and
Agreements) pgwajop gIDNHsoo NSTg`BQisoit 616TQUTD

Vouching - Meaning and Definition

 73

TLbg (AuthorIty) 9.ci oT BI/T691I1, ya -9k1D(psn)

sTSTUO) SGEFLO6)N SUNG) GTsiT grQJSARIAiISHM (Documentary

ufayanM pUOL6O uaiÜUTGÒ "(Comparing the entries in the books
of Account) cßT DI Lq5 sn gySpri.

ufeNDT )siNGTGD " GTGT DI GLçiot LoDDo Gui (Taylor and

Perry) GTaTp ADt soir Sapslapaatt.
AS1J`SL0a 5afinsuÑsir GpnisisóT (Objects of Vouching)

4. GomsL4. 50T, Ba DJ56iT, SpoDuTG` GlsùuÙULL 2aTpsoi,

Need for Vouching

wTGD.
6T6T Ga, 5T RLpaULDITSGa s680T iGn USGasoflaù TGSTÜUQb
US56T DG00T 60)LD wTGTG)JWT

uwalos (aGayLDGDIn GumciDgI (Vouching is the Back Bone of

Auditing) sTGÞT DI Aplt sci GplLGitenaI .
74

wnnt hONEIT 0(G, 6NpauNG BLSETGÅ s(h5ÜLIGant. (Armitage Vs.

Brewer and Knott).

MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED
AT THE TIME OF VOUCHING

6. MSTJ`ß G5oflau GlgT0 GTG0I G9TIT gyLb,

Gouais Grb. GT(piSTQJLD 67(pSÜLILL

9GawaT QLb.

9. 51JiBiG5ct BgyunB5T Gluufis glbaTwa yauTBSI

 75
10¢ SO0G
o ivnaU .GT (Revenue Stamp)
LæULL B13
Osavesi 6n Hß GstBg4r (Revenue Expenditure) srchT USDGiU

FLOUBGÜULLSsrflsetlLD GsQ alorssLb Gup GoviTQ.

13. ypaS1J÷SQso0T 57T6sTITLDDGUTu, ABHGÜæ ußTS Gsái

15. sTGTTLDDGITGT 5TJ Bi GscT (Missing Vouchers) upgl RG

GuTU PyOLD GupTS STJ`S GsoT (Incomplete Vouchers)

16. (B 56T0GSL6OL æurflvmT GFÜbGluT(p 6TUQUT BL

(Internal Check System)

GoDGlTG0TOTT GoJsisT QLb.

VOUCHING OF CASH TRANSACTIONS

GÄ 5GTHGG5ofleu
1. GTGÜQT uJ5(6, LD, Glsovoj6hD (Lpoopun
ST 616TLUSwgÃ
2. GLoTELq wTS JGsoyD GgraisD ouLpsisÜLJ'_QaTGT
76

puTTET5aqi ynpisG5 s5 2
(internal Check System)

Vouching the Receipt Side of the Cash Book

(Rough Cash Book) ww u i s t aupi5L 2eT o5

JÜu gúysGzTN5 (0pening Cash Balance)

(Closing Balance) Gii MTGFp siT sni inBÍ`T GuTS

Úyieneuä Gf¯BuTG (Balance Sheet) üLCç uT0B ia

2. Ggri% aá juanH (Cash Sales)

fhuGDSTæ uâayt aLmL (Cash Sales Register) sawT IT`s

 77

GareiwG

3.
Cash Received from Debtors

GuTgI 2 itOLD JB (Original Receipt) yautb GiS Gup

9sli (Counter Foil) GopaTGT GTn56DWjib T( aLauTD.
Gg s o (Counter Foil) GuDDå Ganrezubug siLnorL

uTO! - LlctTouJoy (Teaming and Lading) poopii GLorrsLg GsiuTL

ins (Monthly Statement of Accounts) y y î yNG Dntggsb

uTLq`isnSUITOTtsatf LbGIS
3. LJwGT (pSaUdGo (Travelling Agents),

QswuGvaia .
78

(Method), gha eHt n9 ogb (Rate of

Discounty
4. anaqigilu 2as,w£o (Bills Receivable)

1. say Gsog uaTLD GLIpÜuLL 2TLqwNSGT (Bills discounted

with the Banker).
2: GsGgTG0T Yi DauiGÜULL 2oTLq WGÜS (Bills collected
on the date of Maturity).

Receipt from Bills Discounted

1. 6play GsuuÜLLL 2siTLQ UJGÜGST JLGDLJb (Bills Discounted
Book) GgT`S JÜ GDLLyó QÜLQÚ UT0`s Gousia GLb.
Ggrm5` 56T`S (Discount Account) ug T(PSÜULQoiroT 5T

Llobaomg IT DILJ`Bir (Contingent Liabilities) 7o`D BMNÚl

2cisTiq weVsmT (Dishonoured Bills) gosamsuToTÝ GgJs uTs

2. G65 TGT b3oj6åT QsguisÜJLL 2oTLq wivs oiT
Receipts from Bills Matured

(Bills Receivable Book), GlgrsGÜ Y`g5Hngjb IT iU LYBg5jmS

5QJfli5 GasaiT .
 79

5
a 4, uN*ue pfwom (Income from Investments)

Warrents), seß Qæ GUGTG (Investment Ledger) safU evy vsc

UwTUGb.

saQu GLGT
FT`TDSpsor (Tax Deduction Certificates). HL4 azi, N4
(Investment Ledger)uipoi 2saîyLT

(Counter Foil
SigsiT DDJuTS OiuGauiT
u`u Glsssuusjs11 ufsvnN Lb
of the Pay-in-slip)ysunja9DÜ

aNGDTTD (Commission Received)

6. 5LÔloH6T
uasfumDJUUt5OTT 5 S7aÜ,H0igi
syo (Mercantile Agents) 2yji
spay uyagb
ypsANJT (Consignee Agent)

rðp ßovasi syay Ggb

(Consignee)
3. sg`iGÜ Gujpat
 Received) (Rent
auhoTMo QuTLNE 9.
o.
Gavsisom0DÜJLL
T Account)
eserve (Capital ¢G`G saT B9
NOIIY YpgN H$GToS
6NS soilhAccount)(Auctioneer's GDæY 561G JNGTJÍit
Qb. Gousis GsçuurisavsnaT LJGDGÜojsÜULLST
GT6T
Assets Fixed of
Sale the fromProceeds
GunGsTÝHI`5T BlonavwTGT 8.
STi), WSTSGgT0YD (Earmarked
Fund) BSCun ULL
A (Ex-dividend) I`IGTgTUD
t) U`GIS0T sBUTeU 4.
nd) 2UL u`ISTSTWn )GDGuT) JI`IGS0T 3.
U` GD. ETJD QspsrT Advise) (Banker's
Dæy auiIsuwTSI
GsiUæULSTG, pao GU`Iut ojuDET 2.
GsuuGouT.
GD. LDIT STJ (p£woT6I LblNote) d
Sol(Broker's 5næy
I0T
(Debentures), G`TLÝsJ`IK (Securities),
sL w'isST LSmo7 1.
Investments) (Sale
of unN aiT yBN
7.
i MiÜuD Sales)(Account
BI0GIfla jUST`
80
 yplicn56Ow (Statement of Rent Collections).9/6311DITGæ LfBavsns

10. sb31ÜuOMÚ (Subscriptions)

FST OI(GOTGITLD srHIE`ISGT (Associations), spas/`IBS0T (Clubs) (pgau

alguDNH Gz169%
11. uwTULTG GTHSJ`56rfloatMachines
Sale Proceeds of Obsolete

QæU0BID
4 iwiSgi5DoT QuTIwaGnnG Gsug GareoL
82

Gousssr G.
Value of the Machine) GLOTT S9GSTG, NBS VTILD (Ngon
LoTÖD0L
GDONILY ybNS flsita (Capital Reserve) sT RIDG
GovsiT GLb.
Received)
12. 5LGTTS GIT`ISu GTN5GT (Loans

Gavsir b.
auTg. iDG0STJ0t ouruT$B FQULTS sDGUsflwTs (Non
1. Trading Company) cisT, GL GiT GupD AsngLD 5LbGua
loo yDLDIL;` FTFTLD (Memorandum of Association) yvas
poDLpnM s5oflcit LpavLb (Articles of Association) oJpa1s

13. 5LG· QUT`SuautsciT SGÜLls Qsguuu ounsliu auag

ausBZIGsir (Receipts from the Return of Loan by Others)

uáasfa (Receipt Side) LBuiugs Qsma gni isnaGsiubGung

GsiUn UWGTLIQLb.

GJ4 6uJ oj 5GoTGDG (Interest Received Account) LoTDDn

ULL5T GT6T LJGD5uqb sONfliss GouaisT GLb.

14. auJTÕ 5LGÞI GUE, GU (Recovery of Bad Debts)

Gouaisr QL.
 sasiseT (Carbon Copies) yÜNg waujnp

15. sTÚLQi GsnJÁ) (Insurance Claims)

GlsÚwNTLD. euBS
sTeVQNTÉ Gsm`G`SDT;D STÜÝO (Insurance)

GsnGHSTJd
uîir (Insurance Claim) p5), yiKLDGuafGun auTg.
GausisT GLb.
6TGsr oNUr sGa yGTLD
2. 5TÜL÷LQ£ psLD GuGUUTyb

sT6TDTæay Gsouæ UU`TUQLb.

`GDGHsTJfiit ßlonavura GsnÝSTS
3. GagDSIL BS Gsng) UTLg.
LOT0DÜLUL GavsairGb.
(Miscellaneous Receipts)
16. uUGag1 vn5 WT6T augasin

sOJGsflais GovsisTq uwDAJITGJI :

QsTL0Y.
1. FLbUBÜU'L BUGgn BisÜULL G145§
pÜuBsU yÜS
2. uTLb GsNSuat iT GsùgI GlsrsoTLL

QaiarasSTI`ISOflGT GJDEA Gun giauTB Sj5DST` STGÖTprriay

Vouching of the Payment Side of the Cash Book

84

ouTUNTSSTO LDUBSÜULLSTAQ
1. GsgyåsÙULLG705

GauaiD.

(Capital Expenditure) vagI pOLp pi GsvaLD TG Gaum

() BNLpnpi Ga avalsstiI 5,oin (Revenue Expenditure)

UQLD GsvysT oîuTUTJ aTU BL ST`GHAhG(Trading and

Profit and Loss Accounts) G57 T Gs UUæUQ) J Ú.

1 Ggr s 5, Ganisiv (Cash Purchases)

2. GsTeiT(PSi GFÚWÜU'L 3J`G,50T 2 0IGILDu GaGu aîunug#

 85

S and6i. yLo pspuai) (Consignment Basis) Qa1e pg6v

Gaunn'nuò 91 `g, Gnsin(pBGDAVuytb (Goods purchased for the

purpose of Resale) Gogyu goafljgofun sÜ uSBnsi Qb.
2 nalii u QoNL (Wages)

GluNgÜUmeflure GsIGLb.

GLoTSL4.5GHSG QIrÜÜ;`s0T (GMD•IITsGau iGD. GTTGo, goslimS

1. Gausna GsJD uoglw gJT`GS0T (Time Records), GoGDAN SSb

uHglw ywTHKT (Piece Records) ypsauTNnoop oTsAç

2. GhaULQwn (Wage Sheet) sumflisÜuGb uT(P) iT

Gousis Qo. LoTgiourfiGsTGODI PYpavLb Flavaujonno urflvnT

GT6T LJGD syu 5aJsflis GovisT QLD.

gBgjB£G NGaurÜ`SJn) olvcnOU (Revenue Stamp) Læ

 Account) hoafku
9 apa 1 e d andns (Unpaid Wages

3. siDUenD u=GamLI Qsuigcu (Payment of Salary)

1. FÙUSTæ uGo (Salary Register) ypavD aolaung NYNNGÅ

grns50T (Deductions) psluwsT auDDp AurLD.
2. pakaTG AyNNGIGD Bolig$oflurs` FÒUGTLD s7GsnDQU

GTGTLJGDSujbsaJsflis GouisT QLD.

4. GL 2au ewtay (Annual Increment), Spoy SnBu eutay
(Special Increment) suaupop avypiso ciTIDDLILGD pomp

U(G`ISTaU GnaJÜ4 D (Provident Fund), sTLLQÀ 5LGTLD

(Insurance Premium), h Gpaya sXIGNBEHÁGÅ QsVÉsÜUL

Bwwer mNII Bas (Copy of the Appointment Order).

 87

yosT`SD SLLTULITSæ uffamN QsÜUÜUL GvssUa

The Agent's Commission

Commission), op ButsmSISGÎT (Terms and Conditions)

2. ypsastsa,oGå GLÓlaysa apasüuQu GuTg HDN yoguTS

3. iLÜlagc0 QsTm3Nw GUD£ GarasTLsDG ASTJLITS PSQt

Gossir b.

5.
Commission paid to Travelling Salesmen

Gouair QD.
 VERIFICATIONAND VALUATION

sfuniasü (Verification) reap Gsneaya6 Disi JaGu

Qgafiaurs avisT nluysitareri Qujgjs svaNUst & Duaaui

(Value), 2fw (Ownership), Juwi (Tile). ciy(Existence), 2LD

uo GD ".(Verification implies an enquiry into the value ownership and

title, existence and possession, the presence of any charge on the assets).

gEO".s GpraS0NGS0T LÎTou(GLIDT DI :

2. Qsn!g`iKolaT uümU GÍuT0Ýg0)

sÂuT0}Blair gynosTÚUMÍSÔT (Sub-functions of Verification)

all assets and all liabilities are clearly stated in the Balance Sheet).
2. üyfn
GSApA OUN GTi DI iù (To see that they are in existence on
the date of the Balance Sheet).
 (Verification and Valuation)
sfunig5Nn u5ÜiG31u

(Ownership).
9sceLpaULD aut Gsng5)i5ofls1 2flsnu

6T 6T Bo,

VALUATION OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

DGg) (Under Valuation), GnGouT6 ogÜIGg) (Over Valuation)

GJ 60G5 GiT (Kinds of Values): Gsr| 56N0

1.
cDUIS0UGs (ToAcquire), ol4gU}SIUGLD alsaU %aln G7GTU

uÝBI0 G8TLO (Stamp Charge),

4'Ls51i (Registration Charge)
 119

2. wnD 0! GuTIY uiny (Replacement Value): GgDpyi

3. ajeng n , y(Market Value) : 91j5ni sjsr gs,

4. 4ig3, ugüy (Book Value) : , Ds1 pysusÝfsa

Depreciation Book Value).

6. LIws DDuna s D. GirGI LÚy (Scrap Value or Break
Up Value): 9o Gisnýgoi wwaUL IJ) G1ID fenavui BisT,

7. BLBgI Dansiniq (5áyn Dzmfles ugiy (Going Concern

Value or Historical Value) : slsnauuss
is H}S uTWLTEA

uÜy (Conventional Value) GrGT DIL Gn gy 6uit

ouiG Gsuuju (pongsir (Methods of Valuation)

1. Benvuyr6a DsnBB)`I60T (Fixed Assets).

Assets
2. BLyá Glsigji4I 40Vg) ap yi Osrýgjåsir (Current
or Circulating Assets).
3 Afuyu Gisnigjisir (Wasting Assets).

1. Gsn) 5, 60T (Fixed ASsets): zri

iosig)i3.69Gn uJyaf) uüsCaCu (Conventional Value)

120

Rn`s0SL;W UTUDITg LoSoDJjb (Realisable Value) G61`A

2. 5Læys GsnHH`5GT (Current Assets) : juOA GsÜaS0

5D ÜLy` s] 0G (Stock-in-trade), JLQ GL GT 560T (Book Debts)

QUTGoJTLQ W
2TLÊ WVSoT (Bills Receivable), n591FD DGTGT Ggn&s
GÜy (Cash in Hand), aua 9GÜy (Bank Balance) su

(Circulating Assets) TIa;D n MyaJ GIsaT.

(Bok Value), ypai QUIT(GL HT (Raw Materials), ur 2juBß Qaçg

LpLg asÜU'L QuT(GL560T (Semi-manufactured Goods)wwin
`s Logiigyt (Cost Price) ofi GasaN Qub. D sJàG

Price or Market Price whichever is lower). J`GÜNU

3. uyu GsngJåsT (Wasting Assets) : 9Qs$H`S0

aut ina (Lee Vs. Nauchatel Asphelte Co., Ltd). srf g

6768TGa,
 VERIFICATION AND VALUATION OF
DIFFERENT KINDS OF ASSETS

ITÜGourD.
I. ßoaWWTOT 6enijåa6i
FIXED ASSETS

1.
oâlunuJ 56TLDSÜY (Goodwill)
95PGywssIrTGs/T; GlsTHS) (Intangible Asset) . GUTSJYJTS,
oîurUTJ
TLDÜOU (Networth)ossorTS Ggrm GsniÜLIL' LTÙ,

1.
 123

616TLisÜUL Govin Q.
2 hat ono54LÚ (Land and Building)

Gs15)`5oin (Freehold Property)

1 aTLqisDG0SIJ(GG DfloouTI
(Leasehold Property)
2. GiSMG0G TGisÜU'L Qsnggis sT
7TÜGouTLb

Deeds) QuT`IBÜ umi! G, qæ

1. 2fiwLDn UÝSyaI5DT (Title

2. Gleni5 BDGDLDLDND LLDITGTLD (Equitable Mortgage)yTUGI

Deeds)
uBSJ PÜUOLaJ LLDTGITLD (Mortgage by Deposit of Title

ykIBs1JLD UDD LoBuSLToTt So0T (Approved Valuers)

ybeug)

sLG39TLD (Registration
u#ßgi Gsva! (Stamp Duty), ugoj

Property) psitOgå GsQu GuDg1 yIHiT 2sTSNLD

(Schedule of
Cost), GsuDT61 5~0BujLb (Rate of
oülnvGDwujb (Original
Depreciation) gi GovsioT G)tb
 124

7 T hoNH0/1/1l6i TOITL0 STDTGI 5G0I ,

2
5oT (Leasehold Property): lav (GLÞBamaGofla),olooau`G
JTHIG(LPLung

LoSUUTGD (Actual Cost Value). Gsn`GJ`5MOTÝ Bosfl ian5 Glsyi

SÜJL GousisT GD.

Gausir GD.

4. sTÝS PU UG5 2 TL0GHG oÜULQ(G51),

3 GTBSJ5Tglj GSTGS5iT (Plant and Machinery)

 125

LOT6T

(iLU sTLL ÜUL GavGiT QL.

5. 6T GBgsngan UgGa (Plant Register) gban wurIna
GumglunolL LblCGB SI GTBSIJENg Iæ UL4Uo (Plant Schedule)
6. sn(GorT68T JGOIT Gsflv aub Glsçg uSGaisu e oitoT GTBSJ0I

4. lä shol56T (Loose Tools)

5(5ol sT ULIQw (Loose Tools Schedule) poT GDDn GuDDI`

5.
uguiu'Lma (Furniture, Fittings and Fixtures)
 126 5otl&Gufluui)

GuTGÝSwma (Fittings) GTGTLÜLGt. uSwiULLLMJ TGÖT LUg) GOUt,

uSwnUL
SOI YSuapGprG Gsiag1 uSuiuGò GurGar (Fixture) Gib

.
USwiQç Gun(GLc0T AvaDD`G0 syß) LoÙy (Scrap Value)

GTGTor GosaisT GLD.

3. Flu

GoiGLD.
4. GsiLDTGSTLD 6TGJOJTGy G`HOJSI 6T GÖT LIE gtaur5So pLqoy
GTGOIDITJLO BLDS NGLDITGOT. GUrol5oilu (Income Tax Rules) GTS0I

S. GsiDT 63TLD GLuTG LBSuyairoT

(Book Value) yb GTGN5Gu glsT yÝs5 oSÜH
68T `;SLG o5ÜUTGD. sTD

TQLo.