LESSON 1

What is globalization?

Globalization is growth on a worldwide scale. It is the process of integration and the international
influence of economies and cultures. It is an exchange of goods and an exchange of ideas and even
anti-terrorist protections.

What are the factors of globalization? What are the roles/contributions of these factors to globalization? Some
elements in globalization include economics, technology, and the blending of cultures. These were the subjects of
globalization all across nations.
Some factors of globalization are the following:

1. Globalization in Economics

Interdependence among international economies is a great starting point when seeking an understanding of
globalization. The more technology advances and the more transportation improves, the more global outlets are
revealed in different areas, such as reducing barriers to international trades and reducing restrictions to movements of
capital and investments. A greater number of goods can be exchanged, and production methods can be improved.
Here are some examples:

Multinational corporations operate on a global scale, with satellite offices and branches in numerous locations. This
means multinational companies can stay open virtually 24 hours a day and service customers no matter where they're
located.

Outsourcing can add to the economic development of a struggling country, bringing much-needed jobs if a powerful
organization can outsource its call center to a developing country, which creates a new class of jobs for people who
may not have had that opportunity otherwise.

2. Globalization in the Blending of Cultures

New cultures are being transmitted when more people are traveling or exchanging goods. It is also affected by open
communication by internet, especially intermarriages coming from dating site meet-ups.

While world economies benefit from globalization, the spread of new cultures is also affected. Christian missionaries
from Europe added to the globalization of Christianity. As they migrated from one country to another, more and more
people converted to a new spiritual way of living.

Improved travel facilitated the growth of globalization, as people moved for a better job or a better life. Migrants also
fled from danger or oppression. People can pack up all their belongings and have them shipped anywhere in the
world. Planes are faster, frequent, and, often, more affordable.

Food is another factor of globalization. Filipino or Korean food, for example, is certainly not only limited to the
Philippines or Korea. Instead, we can dine on Filipino and Korean delights in America, all across Europe, and beyond.

3. Globalization in Technology

It's easy to argue that technology is a vehicle to globalization. Especially the use of internet, faster mode of travel by
air, land, and water, latest models of communication tools and medical equipment, and life-saving drugs. The ability
to access mountains of information online has opened countless doors. Here are some examples of globalization,
brought to us by the gift of technology:

Global news networks, like CNN, contribute to the spread of knowledge. Worldwide news is reported almost instantly,
if not via live broadcast, through continual updates to online news outlets.
Cell phones connect people all over the world like never before. There are many platforms through which people can
communicate too, including Facebook, Messenger, WhatsApp, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, Hangout, etc.

Based on the factors that contributed to globalization, which was the major contributor to globalization?

Internet is a significant contributor to globalization, not only technologically but also in other areas,
like the cultural exchanges of art. Consider how we can enroll in online educational programs from
anywhere globally and access new information on virtually any topic.

LESSON 2
What is Internationalization?
Globalization is an economic process that aims to integrate countries' economies globally, internalization acts the
same as Globalization, improvising the local economy, leading to its growth and expansion of businesses across other
countries.
Internationalization is related to a firm's movement overseas, artists performing overseas, Filipinos working
overseas. At the same time, Globalization is the rapidly growing integration of communication, finance, culture, and
political ideology. Although, Internationalization is the process that results in Globalization as firm movements could be
the cause of Globalization.
There is a substantial difference between Globalization and Internationalization. Internationalization is to perform
at the international standards with our domestic labor, natural resources to compete for the global market. It is an effort
with own nation's national labor, capital, and resources by operating in domestic and an international market. Still,
Globalization is to integrate the economies with integrity and unity globally to use other nations' labor, capital, and
resources to reach the best results.
Examples:
Filipinos are trained to be globally competitive professionals. They can work worldwide and bring their culture and
skills with them, like Nurses, Engineers, Doctors, Teachers, Architects, Pilots, Domestic Helpers/Nannies, Cruise ship Crew,
Law Enforcement, etc. They are part of the International labor market.
After hitting 1000 stores locally, Jollibee started to go international by putting up store branches in key cities of
the world where Filipinos live. Another one is McDonald's, which started as a fast-food chain inside the U.S. military bases
in the Philippines catering to the Americans who live and work inside Clark Airbase in Angeles City, Pampanga, and Subic
Naval Base Olongapo City, Zambales. After the bases closed down in 1991 and transferred to the Philippine government,
the store chain inside the bases started to put up branches all over the Philippines and was patronized by Filipinos.

What are the differences between Globalization and Internationalization?

There are some differences between the two, which are very important to distinguish the role of the two in
supporting nations toward Globalization.

LESSON 3

What do you know about Westernization? Of course, when you talk of Westernization, we need to consider
Globalization where this thing happens. Because of Globalization, western countries could transmit their ideas, beliefs,
and practices, which were adopted by other countries, for example, politics, economy, technology, industry, and culture.
International trade was freely conducted, and other countries enjoy the benefits of the goods and services produced and
business worldwide. The cultural transformation happened, wherein Other societies adopt western ideas on things. How
do western people speak and behave? Have you seen a native Aeta that can speak perfect English and eat only steak,
fries, and pizza and drink red wine? How does it feel to meet a foreigner and try your best to speak English, and they
answer in Tagalog? That's a Foreignoy; he is adopting the local Filipino culture.

Globalization is the greater integration among countries and economies for trade, economic, social, and political
benefits.

Westernization, the adoption of the practices and culture of western Europe by societies and countries in other parts
of the world, whether through compulsion or influence. Westernization reached much of the world as part of the
process of colonialism and continues to be a significant cultural phenomenon as a result of globalization.

Westernization began with traders, colonizers, and missionaries from western Europe who believed that their way of
life was superior to those of the peoples in the countries to which they traveled. The occupied peoples were required or
encouraged to adopt western European business practices, languages, alphabets, and attire. They were also
encouraged to assume western European education systems, literary and artistic standards, and to convert to
Christianity. Many countries had Western types of government and military practices imposed on them.

EFFECTS OF WESTERNIZATION

Westernization has greatly affected our traditions, customs, family, and our love and respect for others. The strong
family ties between Filipino members are eroding. The respect for elders is diminishing, hence the need for a home for
the aged in the Philippines. Prostitution yields so many babies fathered by western men given for adoption by many
prostitutes working in the Philippines' red-light districts.

ADVANTAGE OF WESTERN CULTURE

Western civilization has brought good things, too, most especially in the form of modern medicine. Central cooling is
excellent if you live in an unsuitable climate. You can eat the abundance of food simultaneously in the starving world
due to food cropping and food preservation. You are traveling by air, land, and water in the fastest possible way
because of technology in building ports, airports, and expressways.

GLOBALIZATION AS WESTERNIZATION

1. Westernization is a cultural transformation whereby other societies adopt western ideas. Usually, it is associated with
capitalism, freedom of thought and expression, and more and more with American cultural entertainment and
lifestyles. At the same time, Globalization, on the other hand, refers to closer integration of people in both cultures and
more practical concerns like transport and products.

Both terms are relatively vague and open to interpretation, so it is easy to see how people get confused. Given the
pervasiveness of the US's "Western" ideas globally, other countries that open themselves up to that world are bound to
get a mixture of Globalization and Westernization together.

For example, suppose you ask your friends here in the Philippines what they think of Westernization. In that case,
they'll point to the nearest McDonalds, KFC, or Kobe Bryant, or Nike shoes or something like these.

On the other hand, Globalization refers to closer integration of people in both cultures and more practical concerns like
transport and products. Inevitably, there is some overlap with Westernization. Still, it's easy to see that people will be
confusing it with Filipinization or Arabianization or Sinozation (Chinese) instead of in a few decades. Some are the
examples:

1. Houses in Asia are supposed to be built tropical style with wide-open windows and open ground floors to make way
 for floods to just pass. But houses now were patterned after Western styles, so little windows make it so hot, and it
was run over when the flood came.

2. Celebrations in the Philippines were dominated by Chinese and American cultures, from gowns, food array and
events places, firecrackers, etc.

3. Academic dreams: Filipinos take courses needed in Western countries, so after graduation, they dream of working
in the USA or any country in Europe, not here at home. We need farmers, agricultural engineers, and agricultural
business people because the Philippines is an agrarian state.

How did Filipinos become so westernized?

The Philippines was colonized by Spain (European Kingdom) in 1565 and the United States of America (western
country) in 1898, so Filipinos adopted Spanish culture for 333 years. We learned Roman Catholic religion from Spain
and human rights violations that led to a revolution in 1896. Spain sold the Philippines, Mexico, Cuba, and Puerto Rico
to the United States in 1898 for 20 Million dollars. The United States gave the Philippines every system we have today;
Education and Culture, Hygiene, Sanitation and Health care, Agriculture, Public Works and Engineering, Government
and Politics, Entertainment, Building Codes, Military Officers' schools, and Police system. The United States makes
Filipinos their Little Brown Brothers that speak English and accept everything the USA told us to do and say until we
were granted Independence in 1946. Filipinos mostly have the American dream. So we took up courses which will give
us a chance to go to the USA. We get our colonial mentality, thinking that anything imported from western countries is
better than what we have here locally. These two western countries gave us mixed cultures. They improved the
genetic stock of Filipinos, so we Filipinos were so good-looking and intelligent. We are also the third-largest English-
speaking nation outside America. Are you one of those?

LESSON 4 - QUIZ
LESSON 4
What do you know about Westernization? Of course, when you talk of Westernization, we need to consider
Globalization where this thing happens. Because of Globalization, western countries were able to transmit their ideas,
beliefs, and practices adopted by other countries, such as politics, economy, technology, industry, and culture.
International trade was freely conducted, and other countries enjoy the benefits of the goods and services produced and
business worldwide. The cultural transformation happened, wherein Other societies adopt western ideas on things.
FORMS OF GLOBALIZATION

1. Economic Globalization
The concept of Globalization as a whole is mainly economic. Globalization has emerged and developed largely as an
economic concept and system. Economic Globalization is the financial connection of a country with the global economic
system. Globalization in the economic field is free economic adoption. This removes the regulatory rules imposed on a
country's economic affairs and exposes the domestic economy to the world.

Features of Economic Globalization

Prominent economist Peter Drucker in his New Realities, discusses the economic features of Globalization. They are:

 Due to Globalization, international organizations have spread globally to make the entire world a mere
production and product-service market.
 The main objective of the global economy is to maximize the market.
 Investment in the globalization process has become a trade, not an investment in the trade.
 Due to Globalization, the power to make decisions is transferred from the national state to the regional
alliances.
 In the globalization economy, the management system dominates as a component of production.
 The transaction of money mainly drives globalization. Again, the existence of an individual response to these
financial transactions is seen. Unproductive foreign capital creates adverse effects on the global market.
 In economic Globalization, there is a process of almost spontaneous lending, finance, and investment
throughout the world. Information beyond the borders of the national state organizes this process.

2. Political Globalization
Political ideology is often referred to as one of the characteristics of Globalization. That is, the expression of
Globalization also occurs in political ideology.

The transformation of liberalism is called an example of political ideology in the process of Globalization. Moreover, the
emergence, development, and expansion of Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs) as an expression of political
Globalization; The role of the national states is to refer to the part of climate change and so on.

The expression of political Globalization has occurred in international organizations. All these organizations exceed the
national boundaries. Extending the edges of the single state of the international organization extends to the global
sphere of many states.

There are many and many international organizations in the present world. Most of these were formed in the aftermath
of World War II. Notable examples of this are the United Nations Organization (UNO), the European Economic
Community (EEC), the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Trade Organization (WTO),
etc.

Theoretically, nation-states can take the initiative in organizing international organizations in a coherent and organized
manner without sacrificing their sovereignty. Transnational-state boundaries may force international institutions to
impose their will on states.
 3. Financial Globalization

Financial Globalization can be linked with the rise of a global financial system with international and monetary
exchanges. Stock markets, for instance, are a great example of the financially connected global world since when one
stock market has a decline, it affects other markets negatively as well as the economy as a whole.

LESSON 5
What do you know about the other forms of globalization like military, cultural and environmental? How do these
factors affect the country as a whole? The government and society adopted western ideas in terms of military, culture,
and environment. Since we discussed part 1 already, let's continue with part 2 today. So, what are the other forms of
globalization? We have here three different states, which are: military, cultural, and environmental.

Military globalization is defined as the process which embodies the growing extensity and intensity of military
relations among the political units of the world system. It reflects both the expanding network of worldwide military
ties and relations, as well as the impact of key military technological innovations (from steamships to satellites), which
over time, have reconstituted the world into a single geostrategic space.

Military globalization implies firmer integration of armed forces around the world into the global military system. It is
characterized by extensive as well as intensive networks of military force. The most obvious example of military
globalization is the nuclear age and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.

Cultural Globalization is the process of cultural globalization and is also sometimes called McDonaldization. Cultural
globalization is how a world-class of goods, ideas, and information is produced in one part of the world. As a result,
cultural differences between different races, regions, and individuals are removed.

The emergence and development of international or multinational companies and the emergence of global goods have
partly driven globalization. The revolutionary growth and expansion of information technology, the expansion of
satellite-based communication systems, the Internet, the telecommunication infrastructure, and various global media
corporations are highlighting the process of globalization.

However, as culture helps globalization, so does obstruction. As the elements or forces of globalization are enriched by
culture, so is resistance. Hollywood movies are screened worldwide, Adidas sports goods are sold around the world.
The Coca-Cola market is worldwide. McDonald's has demanded the world's fast-food market; such products are many
and varied worldwide. But all these international brands have to do with the dignity of local culture and the touch of
social customs.

Environmental Globalization refers to internationally coordinated practices and regulations in the form of
international treaties regarding environmental protection. The growth of globalization and its impact on the global
environment is an essential concern to the world.

According to some environmentalists, there is no doubt that the tide of development that has come under the influence
of globalization is polluting the environment. To them, globalization increases our consumption of many products made
through natural resources, affecting the ecological cycle very severely.

Many think that industrialization is part of globalization, and industrialization has been increasing with the help of
globalization. Due to industrialization, harmful chemicals have been thrown into the environment, affecting the
environment dangerously. It can be easier to understand with an example. 2nd December in 1984, in India, an
accident occurred at the Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal (the capital city of the Indian state of Madhya
Pradesh).

This plant accidentally released almost 30 tons of highly toxic gas called methyl isocyanate and other poisonous gases.
The gases were spread throughout its surrounding town populated with 600 000 people. Those gasses affect them
very severely; around 15000 people founded death. Until now, those who directly or indirectly but alive have given
birth to mentally or physically challenged children.

Criminal globalization poses severe challenges to national and global security. It includes trans-border crimes, such
as drug trafficking, money laundering, prostitution, alien smuggling, arms trafficking, and counterfeiting.

Crimes of globalization, or transnational crimes, are crimes that are committed across national borders. Since the fall of
the Soviet Union and the collapse of communism in its neighboring countries, trade has expanded globally. With it, the
crime that so often accompanies large flows of money.

Transnational criminals have been one of the biggest beneficiaries of globalization." Globalization facilitates
international trade and increases the difficulty of regulating global trade; traffickers and smugglers have exploited this.
This has allowed illicit actors to launder the proceeds of crime more easily