Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Multiple Choice
1. The person who suggested that to learn how nature works, we must “sit down before fact as a
little child,” and “be prepared to give up every preconceived notion” was ______.
a. Charles Darwin
b. T. H. Huxley
c. E. L. Thorndike
d. John B. Watson
Ans: B Ref: 34
2. Harry teaches an advanced painting class. His goal is to teach students to paint more
creatively. Harry will probably measure learning as a change in response _________.
a. topography
b. intensity
c. speed
d. rate
Ans: A Ref: 37
3. Marjorie drives a school bus. Sometimes the kids get rather noisy. She decides to play music
the kids like through speakers on the bus, but whenever the kids get too noisy she turns the
music off. When they quiet down, she turns the music back on. In this way, she hopes to get
the kids to make less noise. Marjorie is probably going to measure learning as a change in
response _________.
a. topography
b. intensity
c. speed
d. rate
Ans: B Ref: 37
Ans: C Ref: 38 Note: Another possible answer is a change in the number of errors, but
that option is not given.
7. A teacher who looks for an increase in the number of correct performances per minute is using
_______ as a measure of learning.
a. topography
b. speed
c. rate
d. fluency
Ans: D Ref: 41
The Republicans had named May 16th, 1860, as the date and
Chicago as the place for holding their second National Convention.
They had been greatly encouraged by the vote for Fremont and
Dayton, and, what had now become apparent as an irreconcilable
division of the Democracy, encouraged them in the belief that they
could elect their candidates. Those of the great West were especially
enthusiastic, and had contributed freely to the erection of an
immense “Wigwam,” capable of holding ten thousand people, at
Chicago. All the Northern States were fully represented, and there
were besides partial delegations from Delaware, Maryland,
Kentucky, Missouri and Virginia, with occasional delegates from
other Slave States, there being none, however, from the Gulf States.
David Wilmot, of Penna., author of the Wilmot proviso, was made
temporary chairman, and George Ashmun, of Mass., permanent
President. No differences were excited by the report of the committee
on platform, and the proceedings throughout were characterized by
great harmony, though there was a somewhat sharp contest for the
Presidential nomination. The prominent candidates were Wm. H.
Seward, of New York; Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois; Salmon P. Chase,
of Ohio; Simon Cameron, of Pennsylvania, and Edward Bates, of
Missouri. There were three ballots, Mr. Lincoln receiving in the last
354 out of 446 votes. Mr. Seward led the vote at the beginning, but
he was strongly opposed by gentlemen in his own State as prominent
as Horace Greeley and Thurlow Weed, and his nomination was
thought to be inexpedient. Lincoln’s successful debate with Douglas
was still fresh in the minds of the delegates, and every addition to his
vote so heightened the enthusiasm that the convention was finally
carried “off its feet,” the delegations rapidly changing on the last
ballot. Lincoln had been a known candidate but a month or two
before, while Seward’s name had been everywhere canvassed, and
where opposed in the Eastern and Middle States, it was mainly
because of the belief that his views on slavery were too radical. He
was more strongly favored by the Abolition branch of the party than
any other candidate. When the news of his success was first conveyed
to Mr. Lincoln he was siting in the office of the State Journal, at
Springfield, which was connected by a telegraph wire with the
Wigwam. On the close of the third ballot a despatch was handed Mr.
Lincoln. He read it in silence, and then announcing the result said:
“There is a little woman down at our house would like to hear this—
I’ll go down and tell her,” and he started amid the shouts of personal
admirers. Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine, was nominated for Vice-
President with much unanimity, and the Chicago Convention closed
its work in a single day.
The American Convention.
Lincoln received large majorities in nearly all of the free States, his
popular vote being 1,866,452; electoral vote, 180. Douglas was next
in the popular estimate, receiving 1,375,157 votes, with but 12
electors. Breckinridge had 847,953 votes, with 76 electors; Bell, with
570,631 votes, had 39 electors.
The principles involved in the controversy are given at length in
the Book of Platforms, and were briefly these: The Republican party
asserted that slavery should not be extended to the territories; that it
could exist only by virtue of local and positive law; that freedom was
national; that slavery was morally wrong, and the nation should at
least anticipate its gradual extinction. The Douglas wing of the
Democratic party adhered to the doctrine of popular sovereignty, and
claimed that in its exercise in the territories they were indifferent
whether slavery was voted up or down. The Breckinridge wing of the
Democratic party asserted both the moral and legal right to hold
slaves, and to carry them to the territories, and that no power save
the national constitution could prohibit or interfere with it outside of
State lines. The Americans supporting Bell, adhered to their peculiar
doctrines touching emigration and naturalization, but had
abandoned, in most of the States, the secrecy and oaths of the Know-
Nothing order. They were evasive and non-committal on the slavery
question.
Preparing for Secession.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
GEORGIA.
MISSISSIPPI.
FLORIDA.
LOUISIANA.
ALABAMA.
ARKANSAS.
TEXAS.
NORTH CAROLINA.
VIRGINIA.
KENTUCKY.