1

Lecture 5 bar construction

: and
homotopg colin its

Recall from Lecture

4 p -7 the : marin
goal of homotopie al algebra is to
capture and
ptudy spaces un des déformations by hand-off
A disk can be contracte de to a
point :

À ? - - .

"

H : 191] D'→
✗
D HCÇ -1 = il

A sphere cannot : HG )
,
-
x = •

S' ( buts:{ ouf

☐$
-

Pullen :
pushouts
do not
preserve homotopy Equivalences
§ → {*} What we made A → Y

I
is

{
a

Da S2
homotopy
partout
taï !
✗→
üs IÀ
V
{ In this
Construct
alshact
lecture
,
we shall

homotopg œrmits using

categorieal Tools .

.
2

Whatlecture
reed to recall from
we

In a tensored and cotensoed

Vcategory al

colimits variable
O peserves in both

:Vou7u
( adjunctian

ly
)
In a
simplicial Cü A categay we have for every set A and
olject m

:
.e.
,
,
-)
ÃOm =

Waeam
Simplicial structure MÅP
on
category of simplicial objedts
We the
puppose
that Ml is a
cocomplete
.
categary Wie consider

d
following structure
.
on
10P,
We
define O AOUIs UÅP as follows
:
:
xIn Fn t cotensored
-XnGWXn)
.
!
xeFn
^ N
Exercise show that this provide an adion and a AA Cf 28)

-enrichment
-p.
Eent pynthesise
the
: for adjunction imitate the internal hom in
,
KX ÂCÃ WIYCTYJ WCÁ CAOXY
1
,
,YIn
)
'
Yareda claired
adj
Geomchic realisation
:
ee

Exercise Show that for a canstant

simplicial ofject in
,we
have fñlim
 } Functor tensor product

Definition
ze

de

GdOFd
s
This construction
applies in particular to a temoreurd
Fcategong
The
following exercise justifies the
terminology

.
Exercise let Ab be the abdlian l graups thow that
ob
category

.
-commutative)
reng
" is a
one Ab Show that
right lresp left calegony a
-olject
a

-
-enriched
.
"
)
module Ab RPyAb ( RyAb
Is an show that instantiating

Reep.
-functor
)
,
above the usual i
D te
as Ab we getn s
that AORB isR
,
,,V
,Ab,
R Cie AxBI (2 ( 2
product of
-module
b)).
a,blz
.
a,
Exercise Show that the functor tensa product is funtorial in GF
and that it commutes with colimits in both variable à

.
5 fa itensaed cotensaed
of - lecture p3
Hin 16 and
't
.
We shall reed the folloning asociativity property fa
,
ap

: DPXD : G : D + r
DsM
-V.
I
have
Roposition For G as above we
,4,F
,
Gldh doJeldh
Odo
Roof IObldn dofdald
il
(-doJ-/
Falini
o
s
jdjd d
J

commutations jød docddodlx emoa

dold
o 5
o o4- 0 x
-colmit
ss itemored

C o
Do o ldb- -
dd
F - doddod jyddoddjod -, Jdd

commutations
temoo
-colimit
4

Instances of the functor tensor product

OpF F Cqu lecture O dummy conhalco variant

=colim
,
!)
i
contant xYd cunit olject o VJ

/-*
Cenrided version af
PLsdOpFñFd D
GOp x Gd

)
flectore Youeda
1 p Gand

[d,-)
11
.
the
left fan extension famula gets reformelated as

CTE
LanpF DCF Atop

-,dOCF
Ik AA
(d-
-7Top
Y
D

and for KYLanyFX

^
-XOF
part H fex
,
in
for FoX F ATTop
and
-Atop:
LanyÅtpXIHI XO
1
-
top A top
lecture 2 p

.27
tensoredof
The geametric iimplicial object ina siplicial categay
r or
gets
)
realisation of a

Id
-
1 reformulated
Ml
as
P
ox.
U XEIA lisimplicial set
-IA
Exercise Show that far and casidered as a

,
(
ie X wilh thm than 11- Chint conYoreda
X
:
!).
.
:AP-1
-tn),
nyset),
extensions
Relating fancta tenpa poduct Kan the and

Carsider V C
tensoed and

-FE
and E
à IdMankF cotensored
V

-categay
gop D

Recall fram lecture 3 p that O preseves columntsmn each

.16
variable ( Ge and VG left adjounts

).
-are
punce
Ropontion We have
HO LarpF M HKJOCF
Proof We
OplankF JdHd
have
OLankfd
C
-
)H
j Fc

%hdOJdCKqdJ,
( commutation JdJdCFqdL
tensa-colmit
?
)
Şa Fulini
-lHdoFcI
wfJ
-hra.
Ccommitation of coends
)
~dCFçdI-CHdOFo)
( commutation ãJff
tenoa-colimit
%dffçdjHdJOF
)
Cca ñJHFCOFo otlanotatien
-Yoreda)
practical
HEOF
!
used
p bashnX
As example
.23-24
on
remns {
:
Corollary IfX is
n then Hl Å
InnXIn
.
-sheletal,
Bato
Rook
Al "
LaninTinwnñAOXEnOAEnVEn
-Á
Åo
Äzn
-AErn
6

The simplicial bar construction

The lan construction is a variation on lle

farneta tensor
product , that yield a
simplicial dje d- in My nathan than
am
object of M.
With F :D M and G :D → V we set
, agarn ,
→
,

c- i. e. c- D) n

We call B. GD the two construction

, F)
-
si del
simplicial bar .

The simplicial structure the

structure
stems from simplicial
of the reve .

Exercise Spell this simplicial structure out

,
either
directly ,
or
through
Ô
the
following abstraction .
Gt C ka category and ✗ c- .
bt H : el ✗ + M

into a
category with all coproduits .
Then show that tic =

that kpc)
,

CÉ this to ND and Han # Gdn ☒ Fdo

entends to a fand ~ TT-
: M .
Apply ✗ =
,

The lemmaestobliohes relation between Gg Fond B. Go, Fl

following a

Lemma We have Cohn

( B. ( G;D F))
R
,
=
Ggg F

Hoof bunt A coche

fa B. (G, D, F) consista of
morphisme in @
,
el ( ND ) entire determined
induced over
,
which are
g by the components
at o :
¢ aride
-
.
. -
ÂdnTÉ④FÜË me

TÉ
^

Glfn .
:O -
o
fa) ④ Fd
Gdo ④ Fdo
7
The bar construction

We take VIA and Ma tensaedI pimplicial category

.
at

The relation between GODF and BCG F is as

follows

.
,D,
)
^

lemma The natural transfamation !:104

X:A+A
induce a
map BIG F 7

GOpF.
)
,D,
Roof BCG -7 XOop
B CG D F icolim CG F

)-GOF
.
(B.
)
,D,F)
,
p D
,
,D,
encercise
p lemmapif
.4
.}
Wre are in
particular interested in the care where G

-DG,d)
( as a
functa DOP Set JIÃ
convidered
,
Then we uite

{
Remenberin D
fom that AOx
.2
-VA0.g
write
Br FJ
can
=
we
W
Fao
( of copraducte )
copoduct
(DG,d),D,
aor-..an
7d
îm
DCan d
and dually BCG D I BLG DCV
)
,
,
;-1)
,B)
,
,D,
8
A fondamental simplicial homotopy Equivalence
"

There are two natural transformations c- Man

"

B. ( DG d) P, F)
→ FI
,
see next Ride ¥ Ênstant simplicial object
The call pronent at Î ËanÎd of En U
a. :
Fao Fd
-

→
.
-

-1cL
F /fno ofo )
au -1 an
Fao
-
- -

is - - -

: → Fd

l
ne
is the
cqnoduct injection Fd at
Component d'Î -
- -
ÏËd
traitent itie
We have Go in =
id
Fd
( Flido .
. - o id) i id )
Remonter from pa that there is a tensoriel simplicial structure achat?
Theorem There deerect 2
pages for what
exists a
pmpliialhomotopy it aies down to

H : Ê ⑦ B. EDG d) A F) , ,
→ B. ( Df d), D , ,
F
) between Linoa and id .

Boof hint We peek H U Fao

U F"

,gy→
: ii. e.
^
,
lo l → en → de
d
- -

%-)
- -

→ an →
g. µ,
.
_

fa each a. À _
.
.

-ËanÀd and
g
:[ NI -112] a
sequence eo → . -
→ en → d

and a map Fao → Feo Gig for nid 000 111F

À
. =

We can
represent y as a pcpanata | | .
- -

t | oos = Iiii
021 =
It I I

I
fno of, . .
.
112--4111 )
to fi ln
fo
wiuao-i-ai-ai.in -
→
" " "
"÷
" "

Vililhtao
eo eu litt
to line fin
→ .
.
.

→ an →
d we associated 'Îd . - -
Ïd and tfno of ) Fact Fd
-

.
:

We pluton naturally of
H can general as di pi ) bis
p 9
-

on .

,
g

simplicial homotope
[recolle d from botnets ,p
.
24 )

A simplicial
category phuture gives rise to a natural
notion of homotopie between parallel
maps fg :
mtn

of the anderlying category :

Simplicial homd-cpyen.cm#P
H : Et ⑦ ✗ → Y amounts to

tn :
Ë ④ An
. → Yn in th Yu
Yin Ï dit
Un], tg ) ✗ W Xu Idi

ŒfH
• ne
=

Xn -
Yn
§
: :
i

Hnsygod
Hryg :( n] → Cy
: Xn → Xn
 V
gbis We have
( 01h1min) | | ( ick)

[
. - - - -
I

t w un

"
k-znt1-kwwun-n.la
" "
"" " =

| | .

W
.
-

.
_ _ | ""
W
k mes

V
( 01k£ net) , , ( ick)

(
. . .
.

t i vu un

lit
| - - u.
/ ÷
.
.

/ os =
n' 1 "

Ww
k mtn .
- la
1-
w
-
-

t - -1 lizk)
W
k n -12--4
tr tr
The only interesting case is I I - - I o do = | - - -
-
I :

t
a. Ha :* . -
→
an-Kdr-a.it#aF--;i-i...i-Iii--a .

[ do
✓
1Ff .
F Florio ofo ) . -

/
✓

taxi
an-Fdfai-l-y.gg > d'Î d Fd
→
- - . . .
- -
- -

ftp..ro/
10

A retipe foi from

dehmvig a
map a
coproduit to a
coproduit

Specifupng a
map f : U ci →
U dj
i EI
je ]

amounts to
ppecify Maps fi : ci → Vdj (Fifi)
je]

to to
and a
Tempting way
do it is
speak a

map & : It I and

Maps ki :
ci →
dai, and

then to define #it

fi = ci
da, , Udj
injection JES

( Of not way )
course all f cerise in this

We speak of hi I Ik Components
fi ( and error as

off .
 Realising
tt
this homotopy Equivalence
À
Cry ¥
Exercise Consider Show that
,
T
Langy (Lm] ,
ln] )
ans µ ) # ✗ # .
= Man
Hent
xp, Gg D' →
A coche to some K is a collection : K induced

by f c- Amp g c-
Atp ,
which can be instant iated at p and id c- Ép .

Egg

Root Khan =/ / ⑦ NEW ✗ )

K⑦ KI ÎÎÏTÎ n

f74 km
.am/x0CExoXnl(tensor-cohmit a
commutation
)
a
/ mi Aix ⑦ En - ✗n
)
""
( action ) x
/ (17^1)×0 / Km . ✗n )
c- D= ④
) (K ✗=)
=
✗ •
-

117AM
( exercise ) =
Lang (E) ④ ( E- ✗ =) t'⑦ ✗
11%1"
tn
(similar tohopooilionp.fr
Î¥p(
À ⑦ (( E. ✗=) 8) =
E. ✗a) = / K¥1
OP

Boo

TEitandpvnplia.tt H: À⑦ ✗ X
and
We have IK☒ ✗ | à HOKI , from →
,
we get
thon V88 "'
IL④ ✗ |
④ 1×1=1^-1×0×1 1×1 .

à LXUIH
ta

simplicial model categaies ca previemy

A pimplicial model
categay is

asimplical Mitensned and cotensered calegay

model
a

category shucture on olt

some
capatibility
.
model cate
implicial
propestion gaies enjoy the foll ( we

that
assume fathe time beingl
T

CAAL N equivalence contain all simplicial homotopy

CA Cofihant objects are
preserved by tensoring with
2l
any simplicial pet
.
CA cofitations and trivial colilations are
proserved ly temsoring
3)
nithsimplicial
any set

we shall also use p

AI itself is a
simplicial model
category

See lecture 7 fa the proof of these properties

 13 also
see
p 17
.

for the
A left déformation global scene

Putting theorem p . 8 and

coodanyp.tt togethey
and
using exercise
p .
2
written e
-
la aha /¥
"

÷
get that
/ Df, d) F) → Fd
we
B D
, ,

is a
simplicial homotcpy Equivalence
We have that
weak M
(pnqonty (1-2) of
Ef
,
d is a
Equivalence in
p 12
-

)
weak équivalence en MP (cf Lecture 4
is
p 4)
a
ç .

Thus we have shown

,

Togo
=Æk
Y
notalwags goodenough !
We shall combine this left defamation E :B ( D
,
D
,
-

) →
1 on MD with

Q -911 M:
the left defamation induced
G te offrant replacement on

Q ) defined I of lecture 4
BCD / D I
by
.

,
-
→
p 9
.

BID P
,
Q F) Ï QF ¥ F

mis pp FÉ app

il
¥
14
Homotopy colimits
already sharon
theorem
Main

?
l fskan
!
UB

e
isaleft IV and colim is left def
deformation ormable

Defnition We define hcolim Icolim - Colim BCD D

:
o

,Q-)
,
i hcolim F (
D QFJ
-colim
BCD,
.e.
)
,
Befre addressing the proof of the theaem
( involved we
give a
simplee

quite
),
farmula for hcolim F
.
FDRA
Proposition We fa all
H TOVX
,
have DRPSA
,
:D
BIKDDJCHBIDD
BIFID 2
cnatural
,H1
)
D wr
,H
sdtu
Proo We mrove the fist isomorphio
similan ( recond isan
.
)
FOdBlDDHJ
We have
-JCkdOJAoBnCDC-yd1,D,H)
JRO4
OAJoBn
1 -
(DG-,d,.P,
BACF
HI FCOBNCDC
,4),D,HLOLSTBLEDINHI-JÃO
,P,
wo

oWDldndbotd
ö
FOD BCD Ly
,D,HJ=
č
>
4 FdoCACdn Itensa
KCt Dldud i
J iJdWs i j
-calimit-commutation)
W
,dOHdo)
ssFalini
XHdo
)
( commutationl

GffrdxDCdn ØJCKdxDCdydJ
mn
terea-colmiti
Hdo
BCK
H Ã
)e
,d))OHdo
won
,D,
1
Kdn (
conYoredal
Hence we have hcolm F BLX QF
-
)
,D,
ê

ODBCR
,D,QF)
*
 75

Ken Brown lemma

for filation

's
and -33 a

lut not
IY needed here

W e and t far
use
s fa coliliation a a w

.e.
3
lecture 4
27

p.8
f.
All need to know is that 1
factar
we
every map as 2-7
underh
colinations are stable
composition
colinations are stable under
pushouts

COfOW S

Counder
Proof Let A colihant and w
AB
.
.
,B
We have BZD A and A by
}

7ANB
4B
2

p
BZ C and
AzTCby
.O.
-T
B and
Ax C
by 2-

of-3
-C
Ccolihant by 2

FF
FFC
'and
.
FA-FC
Uby
2-of-3
factoripation of LW
Fq Y by 2-
!FC-FB
of.3
,73
FFB
A
-7
Fw
:
16

Quillen fundus ( preview )

If few n E we
sag that f is a trivial cofihation
,

Lel M N le model
-

, categories .

Definition A left Quillen fan d- a

F : M -1 Nis a functn
that
preserve calibrations, trivial cofiha tions ,
and colin its .

We not that
by Ken Brown's Umma a
left Quillen
,
fun d- a
prescrives weak Equivalences between coffrant objets
^6 bi

The
relting of hanotopical categories in not enalger

The
relting of handtopical categaies was
sufficient to
famulate
He notions of left deformation and left difamable fanctor

.
We needed an
implication smplicial
handropy equivlence
W
weoh
equiralence
to prove
that
BCD land hence BID
un paleft defarmation
,D,-)
,BQ-II
Os
this to
For we reed
"' homotopical calegoy
ur to
uprage"
omr a

pimplicial model categay

We need also to
preve
that colm is left defomable and in

,
that
partiaular
Q
colm

Q icolm BLF
,D,
-)
is handtopical
f
and for this we need to carsider

te intermediate
He
peedy model starcture on

MA
.P
20-
categny ( and Couns 7
p
p.H
.
a9)
( fnal part
that colim
q Q is a natirol
equivolence
the
technical does
,
lut not
( of is
q çî
orita
-p.B)
,
require conceptual addition to te picture Cp 20-22)
.
 17 .

Homotopie al scene of the bar construction

with out
!
The funotn BIG D
) m'
Mfætasas~ interaction
-
:
→
, ,

Reedy model structure À Â tenue d. olena et

.

E- "
simplicial model cat .

À → M'
#
→ M *" " " "" "t
"" " +
' " " ' "

B. CÇD ) -

l -
l
,
(remonter from lecture 2f19
In À we consider point mise coffrant fand- on that Ahn is comana d) a
+
-

point mise weak Equivalences

"

N'¥
In we consider Reedy calibrant simplicial objecta , defined as
follows .
The Panda plan of Lecture 2 exists also for simplicial
objects
, yea , g, g µ
, ,
w, aque
yny qq.gg
,

,
, ↳✗ = n .
µ papa,
y g.
(fa M -
Set Ln X is the pahet of Xn consisteng of its de
generale simplice ) V
,
-

We pay that X is
Ready copinant if all maps In ✗ Xnaxcofihant →

^
collet
pointure weah Equivalence latdingmaps Reedy stature
model
We assure the
following results ( fa the time bang ) € ,

Fa
any model category, here is a Model structure on M whose
weak
coffrant objects and équivalences are as alove .

o→
EFŒFffT#EŒqqqqqoEs

À
consequence of Ken Brown's lemma cf .

p 15.

Contrast with cnollaryp -11 : less weak Equivalences between more of at !

What about B. (G D -1 ? next
page !
, ,
?⃝
18

Homotopie al properties of the simplicial bar construction

Proposition bt D be a
pmallcateg.org/andMbeanmplicial model

category Then B. (G, D, ) rends pantnise coffrant fundus to

-

Reedy coffrant nmplicialdjeets and prescrits point mise weak équivalences

between them .

Exercise Show that Ln / B. (G D , ,

F)
) is the capotent of the collation Gdn ④ Fdo

and that Ln /B. (6,7+7) →

undead over lle de
generale simpleces de
@ D) n BNÇÇD F) ,
is Ite du d- inclusion
copra
"
We reed to know : cofihah.ms are stable un du coma du d-
s
trivial cofih.at ions are stable ander coproduits
A. of of proposition By the assumption and
byppaty (Ad) (p.ly we have
that all lle components Gdn☒ Fda BNCÇD, F)
en ( and a
fortiori f exorcise
alor
,
in Ln /B. (G, D, F) ) are cofihant By . the exercise
agouti ,
we can write
a
push out
o → ↳ (B. (GDF))

If
"

[
?

µ p.p.is
coproduit of the
other copies Y •
→ Bn (G
,
D
,
F)
6f nous & : F- → E ( Fa, Fa pointmise cofihant, ✗ pointmise vi. e .

We have that B. (G, D 2) is a

coproduit of Maps Gdn ④ 2¢ .

, .

Thanks to CAN and (1-3) (p .

121 ,
we can
apply Ken Brown's lemmalp.lt)
to Gdn ⑧ -
and conduite that Gdn⑦ & do is a we .

S
Brown's lemma
Finally ,
we observe that
by we can
apply
Ken
agari to
conclu de that U Gdn do
the fun d-a m U - (m arlihary ) and we
I
is

a weak équivalence , as a
composite of maps of the fan m
,
U (Gdn ⑧
ado ) Uma

( bug =
@ id) o ( id Ug ))
 19
Must of the proof of the main theorem

Proposition The fun d- ou BUD, ) Maps pantmsecofihantfund-ozs.to

-

calibrations and
préserves point mise weak Equivalences between pomtwise
cofihant objets .

Prop By the proposition the (assumer theorem 15

p -18
and
) on
p
.

Exercise Show that when Fio

point mise cofihant Bf D, F) prescrives ,
,

weak Flint : la proposition p 18 mutatis mutandis !

équivalences as .

,
.

We We 8)
write Q for BID D
, , Q )
-

.
have to
prove (of ledrone 4
.

,p
.

with Fu Colin , Qu) Q, and

9 →
Î IT ,

Colin is
homotopieal
Piaf We
: have proved p.sk that Colin BH ,
D Q
, F) ,
and =

aboie not that QF is pontoise

we conclu de
by lle proposition my cofihant,

t
B (* D
, , )
-

MDI, m
''

g- nTÏËËÈà is anatomie we .

÷
-
id

We can write this (following F) as BHD ) (g) Q followed bycohm

,
- E
Q
We observe that (g) QF
YQB BAD, QF)
:
( DP QFI →
,
p
cofihantfund-as-F.EE

malw
is between point mise
hence
by the proposition a
gain BHD ) (G) Q
,
-
is a natural me .

that ohm is an at
We red some
preparations
to
prove
E
Q
( Renault : we nad the proposition oboe for G- DE d) and G- ☒ |
,
?⃝
20

recallBlGDiD_-@tBlGfDld-I-HSomecalailations.s
weak
_

Exercises Show that there exists a natural équivalence

I BCÇD, D)
: → G. (Hent :
minnick lle heatment of Bas D, F)
,
.

)
Exercise Show that the
diagram commits following 2

BIDE , d) D, H ) À > Hd
,

Yoneda d. p.tt
proposition 1¢ SI 5) co -

p .

BAT, d) ,
D
, D) ⑦H ËË, ☐↳
d) ④ H
☐
D
l

par pop
We have considered BID D
, ,
F) MP→ MP and BCÇDD)
: : M ich -

We have also BCD D D) : D xD →

Set defined by
, ,

BID, D, D) Cd , d) (d ! ))
'

= BIDE d) , ,
D
,
D -

/
""
Exercises Show that @Dai g) D= @ :B /Dl> d) D Dfd
'
1) → ☐ (d
'
d)
¢
-

-
, , , , .

~ l

"
Exercise Show that the commute
arlihang
following diagram la H
'

,
r

( d' ↳ H ⑦
•
BLD, D Dcd;-) )
,
"H%%"> (d' + H%D(d! ) )
> -

SS
proposition p .

14 $ co -
Yoneda
cf.ph
BIHP D) ,
→
te
Note Henriper movements e r

E- E-
at
Ending the paf of the main theorem

We one left to
prove that colon EQ is a natural we .

ËËËËÉÊ , *eëanÏÊÎÆÆ
¥ BCDP, QF) WH
We set H -
-
BAD, 4F) .
my
& .
From exexisehp.no ,
we have

BID , D
,
H) H where ad =
ED" ⑦ H
Ss ss

(d ↳ BAT/ d) /
D
, D) XÇH/ d- @ ↳ DE, d) ④ 4) apphèd with K B
-

BD)
☐
µ obtenir
to this diagram lle proposition }
e By applyrng * ⑦
☐
-
and p .

,
we

☒④ BID , D H ) *t * ⑦☐ H
,
D
ss ss

(d' ↳ * ☒ BIRD Dld! Œil ( d' ↳ Dld! )) ⑦ H

☐ ,
-

1) ④ H #⑦ -

☐
FÉE d-
☐
0 p.it )
( du @
""
/d' |
me
where /
'

Bd -
_
* ⑤
☐

✓
EDCD ;-) byescencine } p -20
=

2
exercises, p -20 arrive at
By applying to the diagram of ne
-
☒☐ H

☒④ BID , D H ) * ⑦☐ H
W.l.ly
☐ ,
ss ss

BI# P, D) ④ H Æ→ ☒ ④☐ H C J of -
- 3 !
l
Finally ,
we
expand H - BID;D FF)
,
idem
ËËÀ BIDP, QF)
GD, QF))
②☐ BID D B/ * ⑦☐
* ,
,
Ss Ss

BLED D) ⑦ BOYD
,
,
ftp.E#EQ-h*X0BlD,D,QF
Popooitionp.TL
)
Ss
☐
> Bat , D, QF )
BIBKP.rs ) ,
D
,
QF ) g«☒
-=a pantoise afihant
l .
w.e.ly exercise pros

2- fr-3
Hence Coline Q is a we .

by .
22

Reflecting on the prop

of the theorem

2→l→2 ?
" "
'
What s lle point of this Wiper movement

problem of proving that

"

to
"

It allowed as massage au initial

④☐ %
* ④☐ B / D D B /D D QF))
* D. ŒI * ⑦ ☐ BID, D, QF) in a we .

,
, , ,

" "

until we reduced
"
"
the E- Mound problem to
by monug E- art our

B/ BHP , D)
B (*, D, QF )
D QF ) qp,
, , @ (à ;D ,

entered to
" "

where a mien B on
the
left emailing
,
as are

exercise
p 19 .

ta conduite !

TIME for EXAMPLES !

But bear for a

few more exercises
 23
More calculations
"
Recall He configuration F : D → M L : D XD → V G: D -1 V
,
and lle proposition p -3 .

We write B (L ,
D F) faille faudra d ti BUG d) D, F ) and,
, ,
likevoix fa BIT D L
, , ) .

Exorcisé Show that Here is a natural isomorphisme (association typ

BCG, D , B/44F ) ) x B ( BCG , D L

, {D ,
F)
Exercise Show that BCGP / BLDP, F) ÆË
} BCÇD F) ,

FÎBÉF)
ss

BCBIGDP ) , D ,

We can finthen extend the notation BLL , D

/ F) for I D' : ✗ (→ r

by setting BRID F) BILE c) , D F )

,
c = , ,
: C -1M .

"
✓ and
Exercise Show that for K :c → D , we have ( with L :D xD -1 F:D → M
)
BCL, D , F) K = BCLG, E) ,
D
,
F)
Exorcisé btf :D →
M G :D
"
-1N , and K : ( → D. Show that there is a

map B. (GK ,
C
,
FR ) IF B. CG, D, F
) of pnplicial abjects

BCGK ) ¥ B ( G , D , F) natural in F, G
mduàny "
,
C
,
FR .

Exercise det F :D -1M G :D → V L: DED → V and R : c-, D. Then more that the
, ,

← Bd
commute ✗
fall diagram
.
: -
ça, ,
ÆfK
-

BIBCGR, c. < tir xD, F) ΠBLBCGD L) ;D, F) ,

anoàaliùlylv { assœuatuityr
BIGK, C, Bht A=) ,
,
D
,
F) -7 BIG ,
D BRA, Fl )
EN ,

BK , D
F)
LG BCLP, F)
(exercise
2) → , F ,
 24

Mapping cylindre as
honotopyncohmit
Goon p ✗→ Yin :
Top , the mapping glander Mf is
f-✗X) Wyke Huppy ,

(from Hatcher 's book )

O→ 1

f
We shall ( E)
synthesia Mp as kaolin
,
where
f- : 2 → Top (Ft ) f) -

By Top
,
we meam a puits full salcategag of Top that has
the simplicial model
pncputy of being a
category where

K ④ ✗ =
1Kf ✗ Y [assume d)
5 topologieal realisation
More over ,
are can show that for Top , the main theorem wnhs m' thoutresorting
to lle cohhant replacement Q, ie , we have

hcohm E- B(* D F) , par F :D → Top Gap -24 bis )

, ,

Exercise Show that the nerve N2 of 2 is 1-pkeletal ( bint : no

space for
non - de
generale 2- nmplices ! )
thus have that B. ( *, 2, f-) is 1- pheletal
By the exercise
by construction,
,
and we

RÀ)
condlaryp.se we have
Ë¥%B¥É¥ aœuviated
the
By ,
: B (* =

as B.

v41 ✗
°

where Bo = ✗
¥
→
B, = ✗EU ✗ U

(papa scripts Ufer to the coproduit Components

induced
by the O and 1- nnplices of N2

The cohmit indices the following identifications on ☒⑦ BIN ( À ☒ Bo) =

ËË :
a- pitié
↳ f) aye
à
à +
LOË)
â
enfant, x-p WI#
"
WIx
# Ë
 24 bis The case
of Top ( Hetch)
In lle replacement shortcut lle ohhat
of Top , we nad fa a
can can

motel M'±
?
en M and the reed of
,
using Reedy ) structure on a

Ne
actually only reed the homohpial category structure Top on

( we weak .

homotopie Equivalences ie maps f ✗→ Y

= .
, .
:

Indexing isomorphismes Tink, → Tin for all x and ) u .

One can show [CHT Section 14.5 ) that pa 1-Top geometric

realisation Maps point voix weah Equivalences between so-called split
#
simplicial spaces in
Top to weak équivalences .

Hence to prove that houm = B (* D ) clip , -

.
24) is homotopieof
, ,
B. [*, D, F) split (facile F) free alt Example 14.5.3 )
it
oergh
is
in en to that
prove I

B# D ) pointmise which
follows
and
a , maps
-

pantnixrt.e.to w e -

/
from tee following Y a
and a replace lle
proposition f18)
Exercise Show that coproduits of wah han -

equi u .

_
are

weak horn .
equi v. ( huit : connected components of a coproduit of

espaces are corrected coparents of the

coparents of the cqnoduet ) .

needed
Finally , we nde that lle proposition on
p 19
. was
orly
here
to establish that BHD ) (g) Q
,
- was a iv. e. ← does not apply
the the and argument showing that ohmç is a natural we )
(used
.

exercise -19 in
on
p
now rais to hold
for all F .
This follow if we prove that ,
and
a

above hold foi arlihary G instead of ☒ .

to for ,
the argument given in

the look)
CHT 14.5-3 waka the same @ von if ppelled out orly for * in .

Fa on
this follows from lle following
,
Exercise Lett 42 c-Top p : ✗→ Y
W -
h -
e . Show that Zxf 2×1/+2×4
: is a w.h.ee
,
. .

,
!
( heut un verre
pro penty of products
)
:
?⃝
as
Homotopy push ont
# ✗
Consider ap it nation
Exercise
µ en Top as a
fendu F

IT
"
from to Top .
Show that kaolin F is what this
pi d- à predicted :

(tint , follow the pame steps as ch

p . 24
, including
1- skeletality ! )
We not the
that homotopy push -
out

Z =
(✗ WYWIXA) / (ga ) - ＂)
tra ( 1, a) ~
gla)
,

associated with it HIXA 2 ^

has
homotopie

(1,7- 4)
a →
"

fills the square

"
that

-8> Y
A
i. e His a
homotopy from 8f torg
HALÉ
.

tt Slowey , that HCQY sp and H

-

palan exactly ponte identifications

✗
FLEE quotient inclusions

Shar that Z J X H satisfy

Exercise .

, , ,
the
following universale ty

pnoperty A ""
'
(hanetopyhomhf.to kg )
'
: f2 h K H

tty-i.it?.yk.*.e:z-iz's.t.er.-aH'@.-lH
, , ,

= la
 t
A simple funca tensa product farmula for hcolim

lut exer not with to "

aise p
identical
I

simulas,
.4
w

lemma Let XELA considered as a

simplocial object X in

,
A petting Xn
Tnhence In m HXI
Y

Then

-Xn
-X.
,
proof Colimcts of simplicial sets are
pointnise Therefue

.
ÁlmêfÁmnmxm
w

- Xn
a Co

-Youeda
Recall BC F fram p Esetset
connidesed as simplicial
.t.
,D,D)
men f

CX
D WWDSs
DEddo
dido dID
)
*
)
ď

'
,D,
do do dn
14-1)
7.v
X
--ydu
op
I
lemma BAD D
NEID

}
~)
We have
):
+AÂ.
,D)
We continue the compatation BrC D WDLd WssRook
,D,
,d)
:
/ds-I)
r do dn d do -3 ind

sNCdjo
-..

Thas B DCC NID '1

-9-~)
ď
'ID)
)
.CE,D,
;-1)
d { ~ n
W lemma alove do n
s
-t-m-ydu
considered as a

BE ( n
NCDID Cconstrant simplicial set
,D.D
)
as-J)
)
Exercise Show that fa F BEG DG
,R=DENGIF).
,
call this the
:CID,
I bamula
criginal
neire
x

Caollang iWNGIDJOF
e have hcolemF Gin definition
of
Roof Vre have Bousfield
-Kan
hcolmf BLA
F BLEDDO
FINGIDOTQ
,D,
)
of proposilion lemma
.p.74
p above
.14
ILLUSTRATION on p 26 bis
.
26 beb
Computing Hehomotopy push out using
Ile noire formula
6f D= 0-11 and F:D -1M =
A -4 B

± ¥
We observe [ NAD ) = #
Coney one O -

suplex 1- ÏÎI ,
etc )
[ NKM ) = *

N {Ô str )

| ayza.pmppiadegemape.NO/o)=--Eo- /
→
=

0 ,
f
0¥
onlytwo non -

degeverate 1- pinplia
0+0-11,0-10 -12

1- / c

4- t
2- NE/ D) F We have
§
h :
NÎÉID) FÎ ⑦ →
2 k :
NIHIqt-L-ZH.NO/D)xF0m → Z

my EEE) ✗ A
Z
We have
Hp µ
Nt) / D) 11¥11 N
= ido
-7
-
→
copy IXA - NAN) ☒ F1 ← B

{
→ Ô
NGA) ⑧ F0 f
-

[ !
'

x NIHD) ☒ F0 iA
!
'

*
cf .
p
-2T
 27
Contractible simplicial pets
Recall that
I as a
11- of
allows for Hhe notion

categary
1,
simplicial hanctopy and
homotopy equivalence Clecture p

.
.25)
3,
Dehntion A simplicial set m
is
if the n
contractiblea unigue FÅ
5
is homotapy equivolence
a termunal inA

.
ExerciseRaRecall E AATc t
lat fan h
lecture at
ap

.13.
:
NCc cn ~
Á
I
01112231 t
])
( the
Hent-
sequence -84 i encode
sag as
a
.

hans
Exerasef a
thow that far categonCm a
functors FG GD anatural

:
,
described functor Z CX
Gion 2: F equivalently
,D,
be as a

2-1D.
can

:
-1G
Exencise
3
shaw that N takes natural bansformations to simplicial hamotopies

Chent
) 2-2127 a right adjont
:
NNi
initial ND contractible
lemma with
abject
ob
D
If categay
an
is a

.
,
Consider the twoo functors
Proof
!
j 0 category
o
H ( inilid ofject Jond DxC 1 ter munal 1
1D
pich
N NOI
.ND-
have
Since by the
we

- exercise
:A-ND,
ECoJ,
,
We have !
o henoe NI No
-id
-id,
We have a nat hansfarmation
3

aio ality mhichly exercise

yields
!-sid
fniti
a
,
)
homotopy fom NON to Nod
-id.
!
As a
consequence of the lemma we have
,
NCCID is contractible
)
objece
initial
_
:
x
 28

Homotopyhnohtyr
Definition Afunctn K :c → D is called
hanotopy final if
Nld / K) is contractile
for all d.

BEH

the lemma p 27 the assumption and by assumption (A1)

prof Bg ,
-

,
p -12
,

weak
-

→ Ncd / D)
ve
get that Ncd/F) n' a
Equivalence
H, ↳ À a- - - - -
Fcn g
: d i
-
Fco )
2- pa -3 I
,

(d ,
Fco 'ËFç - - - -
ÎÎ Fcn , g
: d → Fa )
the second is the map
By lemma + exercise p .
26
,
Hemap →

& :B (* C
Dcd, )- K) → B ( * D Dld )) -

of exercise? p . 23
#
ixd -1
, , , , ,
IÉK
{ w.e.ly
,

exercise p -19

exorcise 4 P -

23
2

natmahty
✗☒ QF
,

The weak
two
maps f are
Equivalences by lemma p B proposition f19 -

Hence → is a weak équivalence by 2- la -3 .

 29
Quillen 's theorem A

Exercise Show that for any

category C and
any in we have ÎNGKI ne @Cln

(Hnt :
given a come NGC) n → A)«c and co → -

→ en c- NAN map it to
,
""
IË:* .

Top iÆËèo←ÏnËÎ ^
☒ ✗ = klxx topologie@ realisation
simpl set
.
Îppace 4-
I
Lemma We have for ☒ : D -

i Top : NE /D) ④ * = / NCI

,
d H { *)
☐

" " "

We have
Proof
.

NG / D) ☒ *
☐
=

| / NCDIDII =

/ / NE Du Ifop /

R Fubini
r

☒ / ✗ NAIM )
"

INCI = na Étais =
n .
Antap
exercise
^

weak équivalences are defined by

In the model structure on ( due to Quillen) ,
I: ✗ → Y in a we .

if KI : 1×1-11×1 is a we in
Top ( itself defined by the
.

proper tg of indexing isomorphisme of homotopg groups = black box forces here) .

EG

Boof Remmler from p -24 that coherent replacement intopiind-neeede.tl .

We apply the homotopyhnality theorem of p .

28 to * :D Top and ☒ K :C Top
→ *= + :

INCI à NE/ c) ⑧ # H à halon (☒ F)

,
harlem#la NGA)q # ✗
INDI
lemina Corolla 1g pas T
we . !